Fertility preservation in patients of childbearing age treated for breast cancer: A nationwide cohort study

BackgroundApproximately 7% of breast cancers are diagnosed in women under 40. Question of subsequent fertility has become fundamental. We aimed to evaluate the rate of fertility preservation (FP) by oocyte retrieval (OR) after ovarian stimulation in patients of childbearing age, managed for breast cancer with adjuvant chemotherapy in France, reuse rate of frozen gametes and live births rate (LBR) after treatment.MethodsWe included 15,774 women between 18 and 40 years old, managed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, between January 2011 and December 2020 from a French health registry. Patients with OR after breast surgery and before chemotherapy were considered as FP group; those with no OR as no FP group. To compare LBR with French population independently of age, we calculated Standardized Incidence Rates (SIR) of live births using indirect standardization method.ResultsFP rate increased gradually since 2011, reaching 17% in 2019. A decrease in use was observed in 2020 (13,9%). Among patients with at least 2 years of follow-up, gamete reuse rate was 5,6%. Births after cancer were mostly from spontaneous pregnancies. Among patients with at least 3 years of follow-up, LBR was 19,6% in FP group, 3,9% in second group. SIR of live births was of 1,05 (95% CI = 0.91–1.19) and 0.33 (95% CI = 0.30–0.36) in FP and no FP group respectively.ConclusionOncofertility activity increased until 2019 in France, reaching 17%. Gamete reuse rate was low. Births resulted mainly from spontaneous pregnancies. SIR of live births was lower in no FP group.     

他莫昔芬与γ-干扰素联合抗人乳腺癌细胞株的作用及其机制研究

目的: 探讨他莫昔芬(TAM)与 γ-干扰素(γ-IFN)联合抗乳腺癌细胞株的作用及其机制。方法:在体外培养条件下，分别或联合应用γ-IFN,TAM或雌二醇（E2）作用于ER阳性的MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞株，用MTT比色法分析细胞生长抑制作用;用流式细胞仪（FCM）检测细胞周期分布、凋亡率及用药前后Bcl-2,Bax,Fas,FasL及Caspase-8蛋白的变化;荧光分光光度仪检测Caspase-3活性。结果:TAM能抑制ER阳性乳腺癌细胞的生长，阻滞细胞周期于G0/G1期，并可诱导细胞凋亡;同时，TAM能拮抗外源性雌激素对MCF-7细胞的促生长作用。γ-IFN预处理细胞24h后，TAM抗乳腺癌细胞的作用增强。联用γ-IFN与TAM后，细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达下调，Caspase-8表达上调;但药物处理前后，细胞Bax，Fas，FasL蛋白表达水平及Caspase-3活性未见明显变化。结论:体外条件下，TAM通过影响细胞周期、诱导细胞凋亡而发挥抗ER阳性乳腺癌细胞作用;γ-IFN能加强TAM的抗乳腺癌作用。两者作用机制可能系通过下调Bcl-2表达和上调Caspase-8的表达。     

内乳淋巴结在乳腺癌治疗中的重要性

目的探讨乳腺癌术后内乳淋巴结复发的原因,强调内乳淋巴结在乳腺癌治疗中的重要性。方法回顾性分析40例以内乳淋巴结转移为首先复发的女性乳腺癌患者的临床资料、初发病时的临床特征、手术方式、术后病理分期以及治疗经过。结果40例患者内乳淋巴结复发与患者年龄、经期状况、手术方式无关(P>0.05)。而与原发肿瘤直径、部位、腋窝淋巴结阳性数、临床病理分期相关(P<0.05)。结论位于乳腺内侧区、中央区的大块肿瘤(>3cm),腋窝淋巴结阳性数多(>3),且临床病理分期晚(IIb IIIab)的乳腺癌患者,内乳淋巴结转移机率较高,须加强术后综合治疗。     

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a case report and role of radiotherapy.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare tumour of the thyroid gland. A case of an elderly lady who was diagnosed to have primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is presented and the role of radiotherapy is discussed.     

'Good prognosis tumours' in breast cancer screening.

The Forrest Report led to the introduction of the breast screening programme with the aim of reducing mortality from breast cancer. In 1989 a breast screening programme was introduced to the South Bucks District and now two cycles have been completed. The findings are of a high yield of good prognosis tumours 71% and 72%, respectively. These encouraging figures are reflected in a high response rate and with a fall in the incidence of non-screen-detected tumours.