Genetic characterization and recombinant history of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF101_01B) identified in Yunnan,China

The high frequency of multiple HIV-1 recombinant events among the B, C and CRF01_AE were constantly occurring in Yunnan China. Here, we characterized a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF) consisting of CRF01_AE and subtype B (CRF101_01B) from three epidemiologically unlinked individuals. Phylogenetic analysis based on near full length genome (NFLG) sequences revealed that CRF101_01B formed a distinct monophyletic cluster supported by a high bootstrap value of 100%, distantly related to all known HIV-1 CRFs. CRF101_01B had a CRF01_AE backbone with two B segments inserted, respectively, in the gag and pol region. Further, subregion tree analysis showed that CRF01_AE backbone and subtype B segment inserted originated from a Thailand lineage. In addition, our study found that CRF101_01B originated around the year 1996–1998. This findings described a novel HIV-1 CRF, and highlighted the importance of continual monitoring of genetic diversity and complexity of HIV-1 strains in Yunnan, China.     

Effects of a novel isoflavonoid from the stem bark of Alstonia scholaris against fructose-induced experimental cataract

ObjectiveThe present study investigated the anticataract activity of a novel isoflavonoid, isolated from stem bark of Alstonia scholaris, against fructose-induced experimental cataract.MethodsThe bioactivity of fractions extracted from A. scholaris, an isolated isoflavonoid (ASII) was screened using in vitro (goat lens) and in vivo (albino rats) experimental cataract models. For the in vivo evaluation, albino rats (12–15 weeks old) were divided into five groups (n = 6). Group I (normal) received 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose solution (10 mL/[kg·d], p.o.). Group II (control) received 10% (w/v) fructose solution in their drinking water. Groups III–V received ASII at three different doses, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/(kg·d), concurrently with 10% (w/v) fructose solution. Treatment was given daily for 8 consecutive weeks. During the protocol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose level and lenticular opacity were monitored at 2-week intervals. Pathophysiological markers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde) in eye lenses were examined at the end of the 8-week treatment period.ResultsThe results of in vitro study showed that A. scholaris extract and the active fraction (A₃) reduced the lenticular opacity as compared to toxic control group. The in vivo study showed that 8-week administration of ASII (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/[kg·d], p.o.) led to significant reduction in blood pressure and blood glucose level and retarded the initiation and evolution of cataractogenesis, compared to the fructose-induced cataract model control. Additionally, ASII treatment led to significant improvement in lens antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione) and decreased lens malondialdehyde, compared to the control group (group II).ConclusionResults revealed that administration of ASII played a crucial role in the reduction of cataract formation in diabetic and hypertensive models.     

Interchangeability of two Enterovirus 71 inactivated vaccines in Chinese children: A phase IV,open-label,and randomized controlled trial

BackgroundIn China, three inactivated Enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccines have been approved. Although the vaccines in an immunization series should be from a single manufacture, children sometimes have to receive EV71 vaccines from more than one manufacturers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interchangeability and safety of vaccination with EV71 vaccines from two manufacturers among Chinese children.MethodsWe conducted an open label and randomized controlled study among children aged 6–35 months from November 2018 to January 2019. The participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to receive EV71 vaccines in one of the four different schedules (two using a single vaccine for all doses from one manufacture, and two mixed schedules using vaccines from two manufactures). Blood samples were collected pre-vaccination (Day 0) and one month after the second dose (Day 60) for neutralizing antibody assay. Immunogenicity was assessed in the per-protocol cohort and safety was assessed in the total vaccinated cohort.ResultsA total of 300 children were enrolled and randomized, of whom 89.0% (267/300) were included in the per-protocol cohort for immunogenicity analysis. The seroconversion rates of the EV71 neutralizing antibody in four groups ranged from 98.4% to 100.0%, and were not significantly different among the groups. Compared with other groups, geometric mean titer was higher in group D, in which the participants received Institute of Medical Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) vaccine in the first dose and the Sinovac vaccine in the second dose. Safety profiles were similar among the four groups and no serious adverse events related to the vaccination were reported.ConclusionsInterchangeability of EV71 vaccines from two manufactures to complete an immunization series showed good immunogenicity and safety. The antibody response levels may vary by vaccination sequences of EV71 vaccines from the two manufacturers.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.govNCT03873740.     

抗HIV药物对盐酸美沙酮血药浓度影响的临床研究

目的 测定人血浆中盐酸美沙酮(美沙酮)含量,分析美沙酮与抗病毒药物联合应用时血浆中美沙酮药物浓度的变化规律和剂量调整原则.方法 采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)测定HIV/AIDS患者使用司他夫定、拉米夫定、奈韦拉平时美沙酮的血浆浓度.色谱条件...     

HIV/HBV合并感染研究进展

由于HIV和HBV具有相同的传播途径,增加了HIV/HBV合并感染的风险。二种病毒相互促进彼此基因的转录复制,可能发生基因重组而产生新的变异,影响治疗效果。抗HIV和HBV的药物中包含了相同的核苷(酸)类似物(如拉米夫定、恩曲他滨、恩替卡韦和替诺福韦酯),如果不能正确使用这些具有双重抗病毒活性的药物,就很可能诱导HIV或HBV耐药株的出现以及抗病毒药物之间的交叉耐药,对AIDS和慢性乙型肝炎的预后带来严重的影响。本文对HIV/HBV合并感染的研究进展进行综述。     

临沧市2012年高效抗反转录病毒治疗失败的AIDS患者耐药基因变异分析

目的：了解临沧市2012年经高效抗反转录病毒治疗（highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART）失败的AIDS患者耐药基因的变异情况。方法调查HAART失败AIDS患者的流行病学特征,检测CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数和病毒载量,对HIV RNA＞1×10^3 copies/ml的患者行HIV-1耐药基因检测。结果66例中有53例检出基因耐药突变。最常见的核苷类反转录酶抑制剂耐药突变位点为M184V、D67N和K70R,非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂耐药突变位点为K103N、G190A和V179D。仅发现3个蛋白酶抑制剂突变位点,分别为D33F、M46I和L76V。结论临沧市AIDS患者出现较多反转录酶抑制剂突变位点是一线抗反转录病毒治疗失败的主要原因。在选择二线治疗方案时,增加蛋白酶抑制剂可避免多重耐药导致的治疗失败。