The influence of obesity on clinical outcomes following primary total knee arthroplasty: A prospective cohort study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of obesity on patients' function, pain, and complications following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with an enhanced-recovery program.MethodsA total of 157 patients were enrolled into a prospective study and assigned into one of three groups on the basis of their body mass index (BMI): normal (BMI 18.0–24.9 kg/m²), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m²), or obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m²). The primary outcome was knee range of motion (ROM) on postoperative day (POD) 3, 15, 30, and 90, and secondary outcomes were visual analog scale (VAS) on POD 1, 2, 3, 15, 30, and 90, length of stay, and complications.ResultsThe ROM of patients in the obese group on POD 3 was higher than in the normal (104.4 ± 8.5 vs. 98.9 ± 8.9, P = .010) and overweight (104.4 ± 8.5 vs. 97.7 ± 7.8, P = .001) groups. Similarly, the VAS in the obese group at rest on POD 1 was lower than in the normal (2.0 ± 0.7 vs. 2.2 ± 0.6, P = .043) and overweight (2.0 ± 0.7 vs. 2.3 ± 0.6, P = .010) groups. In addition, the incidence of complications did not differ significantly among the three groups, but the length of hospital stay in the obese group was longer (P = .027).ConclusionsObesity may not affect patients' function and pain, and may not increase the incidence of complications following primary TKA. Obese patients may obtain satisfactory functional rehabilitation outcomes, but with a longer duration of rehabilitation.     

A contemporary prospective review of 205 consecutive patients with penetrating colon injuries

BackgroundManagement of colon injuries has significantly evolved in the recent decades resulting in considerably decreased morbidity and mortality. We set out to investigate penetrating colon injuries in a high-volume urban academic trauma center in South Africa.MethodsAll patients with penetrating colon injuries admitted between 1/2015 and 1/2018 were prospectively enrolled. Data collection included demographics, injury profile and outcomes. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcome was morbidity.ResultsTwo-hundred and five patients were included in the analysis. Stab and gunshot wounds constituted 18% and 82% of the cases, respectively. Mean age was 28.9 (10.2) years and 96.1% were male. Median injury severity score (ISS) and penetrating abdominal trauma index (PATI) were 16 (9-25) and 19 (10-26), respectively. A total of 47.8% of the patients had a complication per Clavien-Dindo classification. Colon leak rate was 2.4%. Wound and abdominal organ/space infection rate was 15.1 and 6.3%, respectively. Overall in-hospital mortality was 9.3%. Risk factors for mortality were higher ISS and PATI, shock on admission, need for blood transfusion, intra-abdominal vascular injury, damage control surgery, and extra-abdominal severe injuries.ConclusionsContemporary overall complication rate remains high in penetrating colon injuries, however, anastomotic leak rate is decreasing. Colon injury associated mortality is related to overall injury burden and hemorrhage rather than to colon injuries.     

Risk factors for reamputation in patients with diabetic foot: A case-control study

BackgroundReamputation as a complication of diabetic foot ulcers presents a high economic burden and represents a therapeutic failure. It is paramount to identify as early as possible patients in whom a minor amputation may not be the best option. The purpose of this investigation was to do a case-controlled study to determine risk factors associated with re-amputation in patients with DFU (diabetic foot ulcers) at two University Hospitals.MethodsMulticentric, observational, retrospective, case-control study from clinical records of 2 university hospitals. Our study included 420 patients, with 171 cases (re-amputations), and 249 controls. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis and time-to-event survival analysis to identify re-amputation risk factors.ResultsStatistically significant risk factors were artery history of tobacco use (p = 0.001); male sex (p = 0.048); arterial occlusion in Doppler ultrasound (p = 0.001); percentage of stenosis in arterial ultrasound>50 % (p = 0.053); requirement of vascular intervention (p = 0.01); and microvascular involvement in photoplethysmography (p = 0.033). The most parsimonious regression model suggests that history of tobacco use, male sex, arterial occlusion in ultrasound, and percentage of stenosis in arterial ultrasound>50 % remained statistically significant. The survival analysis identified earlier amputations in patients with larger occlusion in arterial ultrasound, high leukocyte count, and elevated ESR.ConclusionDirect and surrogate outcomes in patients with diabetic foot ulcers identify vascular involvement as an important risk factor for reamputation.Level of evidenceIII     

Sleep and the immune system

Recent animal and human studies show that the immune-neuroendocrine-thermal operations of the body are intimately linked to the sleeping-waking brain. In humans, the diurnal pattern of aspects of both peripheral cellular immune functions, e.g. natural killer cell cytotoxicity, and of cytokines, e.g. interleukin-1, are related to sleep. The harmonious interrelationships of the circadian patterns of the immune, neuroendocrine, thermal and brain functional activities are important for the cause and function of sleep. Disorganization or loss of the sleep-wake system is accompanied by alteration of the immunological, neuroendocrine and thermal functions of the body, and contributes to pathological processes such as infectious disease.     

Kirscner wire fixation versus suture anchor technique for mallet finger: A meta-analysis

Purpose:Though the previous studies had described various surgical techniques for the treatment of mallet finger injuries, consensus on which technique was the most effective and appropriate surgical methods had not yet reached. This review aimed to systematically compare the effectiveness and safety of the treatment for mallet finger injuries via Kirschner wire fixation versus suture anchor technique to recommend an optimum option.Methods:All literatures published until December 31, 2019 compared Kirschner wire fixation versus suture anchor technique to treat mallet finger were acquired through a comprehensive search in multiple databases. A meta-analysis was performed by the Cochrane Collaboration''s RevMan 5.3 software.Results:A total of 8 trials with 362 cases consisted of 4 randomized controlled trials and 4 prospective studies. The results suggested that the groups treated with kirschner wire fixation experienced more significant advantage in less complications than suture anchor groups (P < .05). On the other hand, no significant differences were found in terms of the total active range motion of the distal interphalangeal joint, the average distal interphalangeal joint extensor lag, Visual Analogue Scale scores, recurrence, as well as functional assessment at the final follow-up (P > .05, respectively) between the two surgical procedures.Conclusions:No obvious superiority were shown for the effectiveness between the two surgical interventions based on the above results. But in view of the less economic spending and complications, Kirschner wire fixation should be a better alternative relative to the suture anchor technique for inevitable surgical treatment of mallet finger lesions. However, a prudent attitude is still necessary to choose the two operative managements before a large sample and high-quality randomized controlled trials had been performed.     

A novel modified Winograd surgical tricks and tips with a “bird flap” for the treatment of ingrown toenails

BackgroundThe Winograd technique is the most commonly used surgical treatment for ingrown toenails. We describe a novel modified approach, more effective and simpler to perform with a better cosmetic outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively included 45 and 39 patients with 67 and 58 ingrown toenails who underwent our modified Winograd technique and the Winograd technique, respectively, from July 2017 to June 2020, and obtained data after 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up.ResultsNo significant differences in the postoperative time taken to return to regular activities in the modified Winograd and traditional Winograd groups (p = 0.103) and regarding the recurrence in both groups (p = 0.055) were found. The extent of proximal germinal matrix exposure with the modified Winograd technique was significantly more clearly revealed than in the traditional Winograd method contextually (p < 0.05). The postoperative appearance satisfaction rate was significantly higher in the modified Winograd group than in the traditional Winograd group (p = 0.029).ConclusionThe modified Winograd technique is effective in treating ingrown toenails.     

Plate vs. nail for extra-articular distal tibia fractures: How should we personalize surgical treatment? A meta-analysis of 1332 patients

BackgroundTreatment for distal diaphyseal or metaphyseal tibia fractures is challenging and the optimal surgical strategy remains a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to compare plate fixation with nailing in terms of operation time, non-union, time-to-union, mal-union, infection, subsequent re-interventions and functional outcomes (quality of life scores, knee- and ankle scores).MethodsA search was performed in PubMed/Embase/CINAHL/CENTRAL for all study designs comparing plate fixation with intramedullary nailing (IMN). Data were pooled using RevMan and presented as odds ratios (OR), risk difference (RD), weighted mean difference (WMD) or weighted standardized mean difference (WSMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). All analyzes were stratified for study design.ResultsA total of 15 studies with 1332 patients were analyzed, including ten RCTs (n = 873) and five observational studies (n = 459). IMN leads to a shorter time-to-union (WMD: 0.4 months, 95%CI 0.1 – 0.7), shorter time-to-full-weightbearing (WMD: 0.6 months, 95%CI 0.4 – 0.8) and shorter operation duration (WMD: 15.5 min, 95%CI 9.3 – 21.7). Plating leads to a lower risk for mal-union (RD: -10%, OR: 0.4, 95%CI 0.3 – 0.6), but higher risk for infection (RD: 8%, OR: 2.4, 95%CI 1.5 – 3.8). No differences were detected with regard to non-union (RD: 1%, OR: 0.7, 95%CI 0.3 – 1.7), subsequent re-interventions (RD: 4%, OR: 1.3, 95%CI 0.8 – 1.9) and functional outcomes (WSMD: -0.4, 95%CI -0.9 – 0.1). The effect estimates of RCTs and observational studies were equal for all outcomes except for time to union and mal-union.ConclusionSatisfactory results can be obtained with both plate fixation and nailing for distal extra-articular tibia fractures. However, nailing is associated with higher rates of mal-union and anterior knee pain while plate fixation results in an increased risk of infection. This study provides a guideline towards a personalized approach and facilitates shared decision-making in surgical treatment of distal extra-articular tibia fractures. The definitive treatment should be case-based and aligned to patient-specific needs in order to minimize the risk of complications.     

无锡市滨湖区0～6岁儿童通过SureSight手持验光仪视力筛查结果分析

目的:了解无锡市滨湖区0~6岁儿童视力发育状况,为制定无锡市滨湖区儿童眼保健措施提供科学依据。方法:对无锡市滨湖区3695名0~6岁学龄前儿童运用SureSight手持验光仪视力快速检测眼屈光状态,参照由美国伟伦公司提供的各年龄段屈光筛查转诊标准来确定筛查结果。并且在筛查视力的同时完成全面的眼部检查。结果:视力筛查儿童总异常率为9.76%,可疑率为5.40%,我们发现随着幼儿年龄的增长异常和可疑检出率有上升趋势,并且各年龄段视力筛查结果有差异(χ²=15.913,P=0.014),但男孩和女孩之间无差异(χ²=7.200,P=0.066)。在各个年龄组中视力异常比例最高的是散光(13.89%、17.96%、17.62%、11.50%),其次是远视(0.35%、1.91%、3.60%、8.86%)和屈光参差(0.69%、0.67%、1.64%、2.07%)。五种类型在各年龄段中分布的比例如下:远视(4.38%)、近视(0.82%)、散光(15.65%)、屈光参差(1.42%)和其他屈光问题(0.466%)。0~3岁学龄前儿童散光患病率为6.94%(95%CI:4.90%~9.00%),3~4岁为8.98%(95%CI:7.80%~10.20%),4~5岁为8.81%(95%CI:7.70%~9.90%),5~6岁为5.75%(95%CI:4.80%~6.70%)。在不同年龄组中散光患病率无差异(χ²=0.872,P=0.929)。结论:从我们的筛查结果中发现散光是学龄前儿童最常见的屈光不正类型,其次是远视和屈光参差,但我们并没有发现近视,从而证实了先前的研究,即近视并没有在早期发展。最后我们强调应定期实施学龄前儿童视力筛查,倡导社会重视学龄前儿童视力保护及眼睛的健康管理。     

丙酸倍氯米松结合硫酸沙丁胺醇雾化治疗支气管肺炎

目的 研究丙酸倍氯米松结合硫酸沙丁胺醇雾化治疗支气管肺炎的效果及患儿发病的危险因素.方法 选取2019年3月至2020年2月治疗的120例支气管肺炎患儿作为研究对象,按照随机分组原则,将以上患儿随机分为对照组以及观察组,每组患儿60例,两组患儿均采取对症治疗及硫酸沙丁胺醇雾化治疗,观察组患儿在此基础上联合使用丙酸倍氯米...