Curcumin ameliorates hepatic chronic inflammation induced by bile duct obstruction in mice through the activation of heme oxygenase-1

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Irreversible compression in digital radiology. A literature review

The purpose of this literature review was to explore the research conducted to date on the use of irreversible compression in digital diagnostic radiology.The degree of research on the use of irreversible compression in digital radiology is still in its infancy, since the technologies for digital radiology are still evolving. However, 90 papers reviewed address research examining the use of various compression ratios on image quality and observer performance on several detection tasks such as identifying structures and lesion detection, on chest, CT, skeletal, angiography, mammography, MRI, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, and teleradiology images.In general the results of these studies show that image types in digital radiology are different based on their mode of generation, as well as their spatial and contrast resolution, determined by their matrix size/pixel size, and bit depth, respectively. Furthermore, there are several forms of irreversible compression algorithms, and they are not all equal in terms of performance. Additionally, of the three evaluation methods used to measure observer performance on compressed images, the ROC methodology is most commonly used.Some types of images such as digitized chest images, CT, MRI and ultrasound images have different “compression tolerance” and therefore a single compression ratio cannot be assigned to a modality, even for a given organ system. Chest images for example can be compressed at ratios as high as 10:1–20:1 using CR and DR without compromising image quality. Other image types such as CT images for example, can be compressed at ratios as high as 20:1 in the detection of coronary artery calcification. The results of these studies would appear to indicate that image compression in digital radiology would have to be optimized based on the types of images being generated, interpreted for primary diagnosis, stored, and transmitted to remote sites for clinical review by physicians other than radiologists.     

保留幽门间置空肠双腔代胃术临床研究

目的 探讨全胃切除术后保留幽门间置空肠代胃术的临床应用。方法 1987年至今，对60例胃癌患者临床应用保留幽门的间置空肠代胃术式，评估其疗效。结果 60例患者无手术死亡，术后幽门舒缩功能及代胃的食糜搅拌、贮存功能良好，无返流性食管炎、倾倒综合症、营养不良等并发症。结论 保留幽门的间置空肠双腔代胃术能明显地改善全胃切除术后患者的生活质量。     

低角度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸女性患者的骨密度分析

目的分析低角度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)女性患者的骨密度(BMD)和骨矿含量(BMC),探讨其与年龄、生长发育、人体测量学和侧凸角度等的相关性。方法研究对象为218例Cobb角15～40°的女性AIS患者。运用双能X线骨密度吸收仪测定非优势侧股骨颈和腰椎的BMC/BMD。探讨这两个部位的BMC/BMD与患者的年龄、生长发育、人体测量学和侧凸角度等的相关性。结果所有患者的年龄平均为(13.4±1.4)岁,Cobb角平均为(28.3±6.2)°。股骨颈BMD平均为(0.827±0.103)g/cm2,腰椎BMD平均为(0.887±0.124)g/cm2,显著低于同龄健康女性儿童;股骨颈BMC平均为(3.49±0.56)g,腰椎BMC平均为(29.78±7.37)g。患者的BMC/BMD与Cobb角无显著相关,而与体重、身高、Risser征、月经状况、BMI和年龄显著相关。逐步回归分析显示,体重和年龄是影响患者BMD的主要因素。结论低角度女性AIS患者存在全身性的骨量减低,且与Cobb角无显著相关,而与生长发育和人体测量学相关指标显著相关。这提示AIS患者的骨量减低与生长发育和低体重有关。     

Toward a revision of criteria for the dementias

This article critically considers current diagnostic criteria for dementia and reports recommendations approved by at least 80% of experts attending the Third Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTD3). There was consensus that many of the features proposed as essential to a diagnosis of dementia in the 1980s no longer are relevant (for example, the requirements for memory impairment, electroencephalogram and cerebrospinal fluid studies, age-specific exclusions). In addition, other syndromes such as frontotemporal dementia have been recognized and need to inform new dementia criteria. It is also recognized that a diagnosis of depression need not exclude a dementia diagnosis. Other proposals, such as neuropathology should be considered as additional evidence and not as a gold standard or that some people with dementia have prolonged plateaus so that progressive decline need not be a criterion for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), were more controversial and did not receive similar support. Given the evidence of the last three decades, there is merit in reconsidering the criteria by which dementia and AD are diagnosed.     

The Prevalence of Incidental Simple Ovarian Cysts ≥ 3 cm Detected by Transvaginal Sonography in Early Pregnancy

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of simple ovarian cysts of ≥ 3 cm diameter detected by transvaginal sonography (TVS) in a population of asymptomatic women in early pregnancy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 10 830 consecutive women presenting prior to 14 weeks’ gestational age (GA) for early dating TVS. The records of all women with simple cysts ≥ 3 cm in diameter were included. The study population was divided into five groups by GA: ≤ 6 weeks; 6.1–8 weeks; 8.1–10 weeks; 10.1–12 weeks; and 12.1–14 weeks.ResultsA simple cyst ≥ 3 cm in diameter was present in 4.9% of women at ≤ 6 weeks’ gestation, in 5.1% between 6.1 and 8 weeks, in 5.3% between 8.1 and 10 weeks, in 3.2% between 10.1. and 12 weeks, and in 1.5% between 12 and 14 weeks. Overall, a simple cyst ≥ 3 cm was present in 516 women (4.8%). Prior to 10 weeks, 5.1% had simple cysts ≥ 3 cm, dropping to 2.7% after 10 weeks, a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.0001). Between 10.1 weeks and 12 weeks, the prevalence dropped to 3.2%, and then to 1.5% in the 12.1–14 week group.ConclusionThis investigation provides reference data on the prevalence of detecting simple ovarian cysts ≥ 3 cm by TVS in an asymptomatic early pregnancy population. A progressive decline in the frequency of detecting simple ovarian cysts ≥ 3 cm begins after 10 weeks’ gestational age.     

PLPP2: Potential therapeutic target of breast cancer in PLPP family

PLPPs (Phospholipid phosphatases) are widely expressed in different human tissues, regulate cell signal transduction, and are overexpressed in cancers such as gliomas, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and so on. As a member of the PLPP family, PLPP2 (phospholipid phosphatase 2) plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer, but its mechanism is still unclear. Our research found that PLPP2 was overexpressed in breast cancer, and the higher expression level of PLPP2 showed a worse prognosis for breast cancer patients. Further analysis showed that overexpression of PLPP2 affected the expression of CDC34 (cell-division cycle 34), LSM7 (Like-Smith 7), and SGTA (small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha) through EMT (epigenetic-mesenchymal transition) related pathways to promote the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In vitro, silencing PLPP2 significantly reduced the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. ER+ is a common subtype of breast cancer. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of PLPP2 was significantly related to the poor prognosis of ER+ breast cancer. These results indicate that PLPP2 has value as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer, especially for ER+ breast cancer.     

Association between bariatric surgery and anemia

ObjectivesSeveral studies have recently conducted to investigate the link between anemia and bariatric surgery (BS). The results from these studies, however, were inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether BS for weight loss is a risk factor for anemia.MethodsStudies were identified relevant papers published a cutoff date of May 2022 for meta-analysis by searching four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library). Pairs of authors conducted title and abstract, full-text assessment, data extraction and risk of bias assessment, and quality of articles. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled effect size and evaluated the overall quality of evidence. The sources of heterogeneity were assessed with I². The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to assess the methodologic quality of selected studies. The publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test statistics.ResultsIn all, eight studies comprising 3150 patients were finally included in the final study analysis. Of these, pooled analysis of eight studies detecting association between anemia and BS for weight loss yield a statistically significant correlation (SMD ?1.12 (?1.46—?0.78, I² = 93%). Subgroup analyses were performed according to postoperative follow-up time and operation method. Before 24 months postoperatively, no patient had a significant decrease in hemoglobin. More than 24 months after BS, patients show a significant reduction in hemoglobin. In addition, the hemoglobin level was not changed after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and adjustable gastric banding (AGB) (SMD ?0.19 (?1.04—0.67, I² = 0% for SG; SMD ?0.30 (?0.82—0.22 for AGB), but the hemoglobin level was significantly reduced after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (SMD ?1.19 (?1.52—?0.87, I² = 94.2%).ConclusionThis current meta-analysis found that at 24 months after RYGB, the patient's hemoglobin level was significantly reduced, increasing the risk of anemia. Therefore, attention should be paid to the occurrence of anemia after BS. A large, placebo-controlled, multi-center study is needed to clarify the role of BS for weight loss in this patient anemia.