儿童肺炎支原体感染的临床特征及混合感染相关因素研究

目的 了解儿童肺炎支原体（Mp）感染的临床特征,分析Mp与其他病原体混合感染的相关因素,为完善儿童社区获得性肺炎（CAP）防治提供证据支持。方法 基于在苏州大学附属儿童医院（SCH）开展的急性呼吸道感染病例监测,筛选2018-2021年在SCH住院的<16岁CAP病例,采用统一的调查表收集研究对象基本情况、基础疾病史、临床表现等信息,通过医院检验信息系统查询研究对象的病原检测结果,比较Mp、细菌、病毒等病原体感染者的临床特征,比较Mp混合其他病原感染对病情严重性的影响,采用logistic回归模型分析Mp混合其他病原感染的相关因素。结果 共收集8 274名CAP住院病例,其中Mp阳性2 184例（26.4%）;Mp检出率女童高于男童（P<0.001）,随月龄增加而升高（P<0.001）,夏秋季高于冬春季（P<0.001）。喘息、气促、喘鸣音及肺部呈片状阴影的发生率,以及发热和住院天数等指标在Mp、细菌和病毒感染病例中的差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。<60月龄Mp混合感染病例出现喘息症状及痰鸣音和喘鸣音的比例高于单纯感染病例,≥60月龄混合感染病例较Mp单纯感染更易出现气促症状（均P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归模型分析显示,男童（aOR=1.38,95%CI：1.15~1.67）、<6月龄（aOR=3.30,95%CI：2.25~4.89）、6~月龄（aOR=3.44,95%CI：2.63~4.51）、24~月龄（aOR=2.50,95%CI：1.90~3.30）、48~71月龄（aOR=1.77,95%CI：1.32~2.37）和3个月内呼吸系统感染史（aOR=1.28,95%CI：1.06~1.55）为Mp混合其他病原感染的相关因素。结论 Mp是导致儿童CAP住院的主要病原体,单纯Mp感染病例较细菌、病毒感染病例发热天数更长;Mp常与细菌和病毒混合感染,男童、<72月龄和3个月内呼吸系统感染史是Mp混合感染的相关因素。     

Concurrent and cross-season protection of inactivated influenza vaccine against A(H1N1)pdm09 illness among young children: 2012–2013 case–control evaluation of influenza vaccine effectiveness

In 2012–2013, we examined 1729 laboratory-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza cases matched 1:1 with healthy controls and estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) for trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) to be 67% (95% confidence interval = 58–74%) for ages 8 months to 6 years old. Among children aged 8–35 months old, VE for fully vaccinated children (73%, 60–81%) was significantly higher than VE for partially vaccinated children (55%, 33–70%). Significant cross-season protection from prior IIV3 was noted, including VE of 31% (8–48%) from IIV3 received in 2010–2011 against influenza illness in 2012––2013 without subsequent boosting doses.     

Genomic epidemiological investigation of a Streptococcus suis outbreak in Guangxi,China, 2016

In June 2016, a Streptococcus suis outbreak occurred in Guangxi, China. We determined the genetic characteristics of six clinically isolated strains by serotyping, PCR, and whole-genome sequencing, performing genome epidemiology analysis on these and 961 public available S. suis genomes. We also classified the first sequence type ST665 human case. Sporadic and outbreak cases were distinguished by whole-genome sequencing and phylogenomics. This approach could help to prevent and control S. suis epidemics in Guangxi and the wider region.     

Inhibition of viral suppressor of RNAi proteins by designer peptides protects from enteroviral infection in vivo

1. Download : Download high-res image (157KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

加强密切接触者筛查工作 提高结核病患者发现水平

结核病患者的密切接触者筛查是我国结核病控制措施中主动发现患者的常规工作之一,但其效果不尽如人意。本文中,笔者总结了国内外结核病患者密切接触者的发病风险和筛查现状,并详细描述了近期研究结果。同时,笔者团队研究发现,我国来源于密切接触者的结核病患者对农村结核病疫情的贡献被大大低估。因此,加强密切接触者筛查工作,充分发挥其在主动发现结核病患者中的作用,是迫切需要解决的问题。     

A highly stable human single-domain antibody-drug conjugate exhibits superior penetration and treatment of solid tumors

1. Download : Download high-res image (167KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Prevalence and predictors of influenza vaccination among residents of long-term care facilities

Influenza is a respiratory illness which results in significant morbidity and mortality, especially in the older population. Older people living in Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) have a significantly higher risk of infection and complications from influenza. Influenza vaccine is considered the best strategy to prevent infection in high-risk populations. In Australia, the Communicable Diseases Network Australia (CNDA) suggests a vaccination coverage rate of 95% in both staff and residents¹. This study aims to measure the vaccination coverage rates for residents in LTCFs and identify predictors of vaccination uptake for these individuals.This study was conducted in nine LTCFs in four sites from March to September 2018. This was done via medical record reviews for residents over 65 years old in these LTCFs, collecting information such as vaccination status, age, gender, ethnicity and occupation. Simple and multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the Odds Ratio (OR) to determine significant predictors of influenza vaccination uptake.The overall vaccination rate among LTCF residents was 83.6%. Significant predictors of vaccination were LTCF location, ethnicity and previous year vaccination status. Residents in LTCF Site D were less likely to be vaccinated compared to Site A (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.61), non-Caucasians were less likely to get vaccinated (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01–0.67), and residents who refused the 2017 vaccine were less likely to be vaccinated (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.15).Compared with previous Australian studies on LTCF vaccination rates, the overall vaccination rate was high in these LTCFs (83.6% versus 66–84%), but it varied across different sites. Reasons for varying vaccination rates should be explored further – for example, lower rates in non-Caucasians with diverse cultural backgrounds. Better understanding the causes of under-vaccination can help improve vaccination programs in LTCFs.