桔梗叶绿体比较基因组学分析及系统发育研究

目的 以桔梗Platycodon grandiflorus为材料,分析其叶绿体基因组特征,探究不同地区桔梗叶绿体基因组的差异及桔梗科其他物种的系统发育关系。方法 利用Illumina NovaSeq测序平台对桔梗叶绿体全基因组进行测序,完成其组装、注释和特征分析,采用生物信息学方法对不同地区桔梗进行比较基因组分析和系统发育分析。结果 桔梗叶绿体基因组全长172 770 bp,呈现典型的环状四分体结构,总GC含量为38.10%,注释到139个基因,其中蛋白质编码基因95个,核糖体RNA 8个和转运RNA 36个。经序列分析鉴定出139个SSR位点,大部分重复由A和T组成。该叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性A/U大于G/C。边界分析表明,不同地区桔梗的JLA边界区域存在差异。对比不同地区桔梗叶绿体基因组序列发现21个变异区间,包括ycf1、psbC、rps18和rpoB等编码区以及rpl32-trnL、trnS-psbZ和trnN-ycf1等非编码区。基于最大似然法（maximum likelihood method,ML）对桔梗及其他17种桔梗科植物进行系统发育分析,发现桔梗科物种形成一个单系群,各属物种聚为一束,支持率达100%。结论 桔梗科物种聚为一支与传统相符合,不同地区桔梗叶绿体基因组序列存在显著差异,为后期开展分子鉴定及群体遗传学研究提供提供科学依据。     

Long-term persistent immunogenicity after successful standard and triple-dosed hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patients: A 3-year follow-up study in China

BackgroundAlthough the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccines among hemodialysis patients has been documented, the long-term persistence of immunogenicity in this population remains largely unknown. We explored the long-term persistence of immunogenicity induced by different hepatitis B vaccine regimens in hemodialysis patients.MethodsIn initial study, we conducted a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial among hemodialysis patients in 13 hospitals in Shanxi Province, China. A total of 352 hemodialysis patients were allocated to receive 3-dose 20 μg (IM20 group) and 3-dose 60 μg (IM60 group) recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at months 0, 1, and 6. Vaccine-induced immune responses were measured at month 7. In this study, the responders (anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL) were followed up at months 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42, respectively. We used the generalized log-rank test and generalized estimating equations (GEE) to analyze the long-term durability of responses and the kinetics of anti-HBs levels, respectively.ResultsA total of 284 patients were involved in the extended follow-up period. The duration of vaccine-induced response with 75% of patients maintained protective antibody were 12 months and 18 months in the IM20 group and IM60 group, respectively (P = 0.291). The long-term persistent immunogenicity induced by 3-dose 60 μg was more satisfactory than that by 3-dose 20 μg hepatitis B vaccine in patients with hemodialysis duration ≥ five years (P = 0.023). The peak anti-HBs levels in 100–1000 mIU/mL or ≥ 1000 mIU/mL were more likely to maintain long-term protective antibody compared to anti-HBs levels in 10–100 mIU/mL (P ＜ 0.05). The kinetic profile was similar between the two groups (P = 0.334).ConclusionHigh-dose 60 μg hepatitis B vaccine could lead a satisfactory long-term durability of immunogenicity among patients with hemodialysis duration of five years or more. Peak anti-HBs level after vaccination was associated with the long-term persistence of immunogenicity.     

一测多评法测定人参花中7种人参皂苷含量

目的 在同时测定人参花中7种人参皂苷含量的基础上,建立7种人参皂苷成分一测多评方法,验证一测多评方法在人参花中人参皂苷含量测定上的可行性。方法 采用HPLC-UV法,以10批不同来源的人参花药材为研究对象,以人参皂苷Re为内参物测定其与人参皂苷Rg₁、Rg₂、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rd的相对校正因子,计算出各皂苷的含量,比较计算值与外标法实测值的差异。结果 人参花中6种人参皂苷Rg₁、Rg₂、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rd的相对校正因子分别为1.07、1.05、0.81、0.80、0.64、0.84,10批药材中6种人参皂苷的相对校正因子重复性良好,含量用一测多评方法测定与采用外标法测定时的实测值差异不显著。结论 在短缺人参皂苷对照品的情况下,可采用一测多评法方法,通过相对校正因子测定人参花中人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rg₂、Rb₁、Rc、Rb₂、Rd的含量。     

基于网络药理学探讨“黄芪-当归-大枣”角药补气养血的分子机制＊

目的 运用网络药理学探讨“黄芪-当归-大枣”角药补气养血的分子机制。方法 利用中药系统药理学TCMSP数据库收集黄芪、当归和大枣的化学成分，并预测作用靶点。通过STRING数据库和Cytoscape软件构建蛋白互作PPI网络，获得关键靶点。借助DAVID数据库对筛选靶点进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析。进一步构建气血两虚小鼠模型，灌胃“黄芪-当归-大枣”水煎剂，检测各组PTGS₂ mRNA表达水平与肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量，完成验证实验。结果 筛选得到“黄芪-当归-大枣”角药化学成分47个，预测作用靶点43个，关键靶点10个，生物功能主要定位在内质网膜和线粒体，通过介导癌症信号通路，TNF、P53、Foxo、HIF-1信号通路，钙信号通路等发挥补气养血作用。动物实验显示“黄芪-当归-大枣”角药可调控气血两虚小鼠中PTGS₂ mRNA表达，降低TNF-α释放，进而抑制TNF信号通路的激活，进一步证实了预测的可靠性。结论 本研究深入诠释“黄芪-当归-大枣”角药补气养血作用多成分、多靶点和多通路的复杂机制，为其进一步临床应用和功能食品开发提供科学依据。     

从瘀论治功能性肛门直肠痛

功能性肛门直肠痛是一种以肛门直肠疼痛、坠胀、便意明显为主要临床表现的肛门直肠疾病,具有病程长、易反复特点,尤其慢性功能性肛门直肠痛患者生活质量下降明显,常合并失眠、抑郁、焦虑等.目前单纯西药治疗效果不佳.中医有一定疗效,但仍有部分患者疗效不佳.本文提出"气滞血瘀"是功能性肛门直肠痛核心病机,"从瘀论治"是其基本治法,并...     

CT对早期脂肪肝诊断的意义

脂肪肝是最常见的弥漫性肝病,常缺乏特异的临床表现,其发病机理不明,少数可发展成肝硬化。如早期诊断、早期治疗可防止脂肪肝进一步发展,甚至可使其逆转,通过对35例CT确诊的脂肪肝分析,发现CT因对密度差别敏感性很高,在早期诊断脂肪肝、治疗后随访及鉴别诊断方面均优于B超及实验室检查。     

Sequence polymorphisms of forensic Y-STRs revealed by a 68-plex in-house massively parallel sequencing panel

Sequence polymorphisms of Y chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) markers can be unveiled using next generation sequencing (NGS). Compared to capillary electrophoresis, NGS has the advantage of distinguishing between some alleles of the same length. Here, a 68-plex in-house panel covering 67 Y-STR loci and the sex determinant Amelogenin locus, was developed. The accuracy of this panel was 100% concordant with three standard reference samples. The sensitive was as low as 250 pg. A total of 466 length-based alleles, 806 sequence-based alleles, and 149 haplotypes were observed across 149 Chinese Han individuals. The total haplotype diversity and discrimination capacity was 1.0000 in detected samples. The DYS710 locus possessed the highest diversity by sequence among these Y-STRs, with 109 sequence-based alleles observed. Micro-variant alleles with the same length were observed in 39 Y-STR loci, with their sequence variations mainly attributable to repeat pattern variations. While the number of sequence-based alleles identified for DYS447, DYS449, DYS710, DYS720 and DYF387S1a/b was approximately three times that of their length-based alleles, flanking sequence variations were observed in 18 alleles. In addition, 201 sequence-based alleles in 42 loci were newly discovered. This significantly expanded the knowledge of human Y-STR sequence polymorphisms. Collectively, the 68-plex panel provided reliable Y-STR results as well as higher resolution for paternal lineage analysis.     

改良探针挂线结合过氧化氢灌洗治疗高位肛瘘的疗效观察

为探讨治疗高位肛瘘较为有效的手术方式,采用改良探针挂线结合过氧化氢灌洗治疗高位肛瘘46例,并与传统挂线手术治疗的32例进行对比分析。结果显示,传统挂线组与改良组术后均获近期治愈,改良组创面愈合时间为（20．3±0．3）d,对照组为（28．4±0．5）d（P〈0．05）;对照组肛瘘复发2例,改良组无复发（P〈0．05）。结果表明,改良探针挂线结合过氧化氢灌洗治疗高位肛瘘的疗效优于传统挂线手术。     

椎管内皮样囊肿破裂的MRI诊断（附13例报告）

目的 探讨椎管内皮样囊肿破裂（RDIC）的MRI诊断价值。材料与方法 13例RDIC原发灶均经手术和病理证实,皮样囊肿均位于T12以下椎管内,其中9例位于脊髓内,4例位于髓外硬膜下,均行脑和全脊柱MRISE序列T1WI、T2WI,7例有脊柱脂肪抑制序列。5例行脑CT检查,结果 4例髓外硬膜下皮样囊肿破裂MRI与CT均表现在脑池、脑沟或脑室内有脂肪滴,9例脊髓内皮样囊肿破裂者均见脊髓中央管内分布有脂肪滴,其中4例脑室内见脂肪滴,5例脑MRI发现脑底及后颅窝脂肪滴者,CT仅显示2例。脂肪滴MIE SE序列T1WI呈显著高信号,T2WI其信号略有衰减,脂肪抑制序列则呈极低信号;CT上脂肪滴则呈低密度,CT值-20--150HU。结论 MRI是诊断RDIC的最佳影像学方法,其显示RDIC脂肪滴在脑室、蛛网膜下腔和脊髓中央管内分布优于CT。CT与MRI联合应用能有效地鉴别RDIC脂肪滴抑或积气、碘化油滞留和血块。