Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) key genes analysis in rat anti-CD28-induced immune tolerance kidney transplantation

BackgroundIn the field of transplantation, inducing immune tolerance in recipients is of great importance. Blocking co-stimulatory molecule using anti-CD28 antibody could induce tolerance in a rat kidney transplantation model. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) reveals strong immune suppressive abilities in kidney transplantation. Here we analyzed key genes of MDSCs leading to transplant tolerance in this model.MethodsMicroarray data of rat gene expression profiles under accession number {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE28545","term_id":"28545"}}GSE28545 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. Running the LIMMA package in R language, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found. Enrichment analysis of the DEGs was conducted in the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database to explore gene ontology (GO) annotation and their Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Their protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were provided by STRING database and was visualized in Cytoscape. Hub genes were carried out by CytoHubba.ResultsThree hundred and thirty-eight DEGs were exported, including 27 upregulated and 311 downregulated genes. The functions and KEGG pathways of the DEGs were assessed and the PPI network was constructed based on the string interactions of the DEGs. The network was visualized in Cytoscape; the entire PPI network consisted of 192 nodes and 469 edges. Zap70, Cdc42, Stat1, Stat4, Ccl5 and Cxcr3 were among the hub genes.ConclusionsThese key genes, corresponding proteins and their functions may provide valuable background for both basic and clinical research and could be the direction of future studies in immune tolerance, especially those examining immunocyte-induced tolerance.     

川乌中乌头碱的体外透皮实验研究

目的:本文研究川乌中的有效成分—乌头碱的透皮特性及其透皮吸收促进剂。方法:首先建立了测定有效成分乌头碱的皮肤渗透液的HPLC方法,其次利用SD大鼠背部皮肤,以Franz垂直扩散池研究有效成分的透皮性能,并分别考察Azone、桉叶油、冰片以及川乌水提取物和醇提取物对其透皮吸收的影响。结果:乌头碱自身具有透皮能力,渗透系数为0.356×10-3cm/h,促进剂促透顺序为:2%桉叶油>2%azone+10%PG>3%桉叶油>2%azone>4%azone>1%azone>1%桉叶油>5%醇提物>5%水提物。结论:Azone和桉叶油是有效成分的良好促透剂;川乌水提取物和醇提物具有协同促透的作用。     

临床医学影像技术在高原病诊断和治疗评估中的应用

高原病是指人体进入高海拔低压低氧环境后,因适应能力不全或失调而引发的一系列临床综合征。该病已成为高原旅居者面临的重大公共健康问题,严重时可危及生命。因此,亟需开发高原病的早期诊断、治疗监测的新方法。X线、CT、MRI、超声、SPECT和PET等临床医学影像技术已成为高原病临床诊疗决策的实用工具。笔者综述了多种医学影像技术在高原病诊断和治疗评估中的应用,以期为高原病的精准诊治提供新思路。     

Design,synthesis and biological activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-(3-substituted-phenyl)benzenesulfonamides as selective and reversible LSD1 inhibitors

Lysine specific demethylase 1 plays a crucial role in regulating histone methylation at residues K4 and K9 on histone H3 and over-expresses in a variety of cancers. Here we designed, synthesized and evaluated a series of N-(3-substituted-phenyl)benzenesulfonamides as reversible lysine specific demethylase 1 inhibitors. All the compounds exhibited lysine specific demethylase 1 inhibition with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values between 7.5 and 68?μM. Three most active compounds 2a, 2c and 2i displayed only modest effect on flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzymes mono-amine oxidases A and B, and their reversibilities of lysine specific demethylase 1 inhibition were confirmed. Molecular docking was also carried out to predict the binding mode of 2a into the active site of lysine specific demethylase 1. Taken together, N-(3-substituted-phenyl)benzenesulfonamides including 2a represent a new class of selective and reversible lysine specific demethylase 1 inhibitors with pharmaceutical research.     

Prospective study of alcohol consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer before and after folic acid fortification in the United States

PurposeTo evaluate the influence of alcohol consumption on the risk of colorectal cancer according to folic acid fortification period in the United States.MethodsWe evaluated the association between alcohol consumption and colorectal cancer by fortification period (before 1998 vs. after 1998) in 2 prospective cohort studies, the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) of women and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) of men, in which 2793 cases of invasive colorectal cancer were documented.ResultsAlcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Among nonusers of multivitamins and/or folic acid supplements, the pooled multivariate relative risk for ≥30 g/d drinkers versus nondrinkers was 1.36 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.09–1.70; P for trend, 0.02). The effect of alcohol consumption was slightly stronger in the prefolic acid fortification period (1980 NHS/1986 HPFS-1998) than in the postfortification period (1998–2008); the pooled multivariate relative risks for ≥30 g/d drinkers versus nondrinkers were 1.31 (95% CI, 1.00–1.71; P for trend, 0.10) in the prefortification period and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.69–1.65; P for trend, 0.67) in the postfortification period.ConclusionsFolic acid fortification may attenuate the adverse effect of high alcohol consumption on the risk of colorectal cancer.