延胡索生物碱化学成分及其抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

延胡索在临床治疗中运用广泛,其主要成分为生物碱。现代研究表明延胡索生物碱中的延胡索碱、延胡索乙素、小檗碱、黄连碱巴马仃、d-海罂粟碱、d-异波尔定等成分具有一定的抗肿瘤作用。本文就近年来延胡索生物碱的化学成分及其抗肿瘤作用研究的进展情况作一综述。     

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Pain Relief After Arthroscopic Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of Talus

Arthroscopic treatment is an effective technique for osteochondral lesion of talus (OLT); however, some patients still suffer pain and limitation of activities after surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) after ankle arthroscopy for OLT. We reviewed the clinical history of a series of 78 patients with OLT who underwent arthroscopic microfracture. ESWT was prescribed for 15 patients who complained of ankle pain and restriction of weightbearing activities 3 months postoperatively. The parameters assessed were visual analog scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale scores (before ESWT, at 6 and 12 weeks, and at last follow-up after ESWT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and 1 year after ESWT. Follow-up was 27.8 ± 15.2 months. VAS and AOFAS scores showed a significant improvement at 12 weeks after ESWT and a progressive trend at last follow-up. Areas of lesions in sagittal plane in MRI were distinctly reduced at last follow-up. ESWT for osteochondral lesions of talus after arthroscopy results in good clinical outcomes.     

Occult infection with HBV intergenotypic A2/G recombinant following acute hepatitis B caused by an HBV/A2 isolate

Viral and host factors leading to occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) are not fully understood. Whether HBV genotype may influence the occurrence and course of OBIs is unknown. Here, we describe the case of a patient infected with HBV genotype A2 who developed symptomatic acute hepatitis and did not seroconvert after loss of HBsAg and HBeAg. The acute phase of hepatitis B was followed by a period of more than 2 years during which the DNA of an intergenotypic HBV/A2/G recombinant was intermittently detected in serum.     

The effect of insulin dependent diabetes on bone metabolism and growth after spinal fusion

STUDY DESIGNExperimental animal model.OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) will inhibit the formation of a solid bony union after spinal fusion surgery via an alteration of the microenvironment at the fusion site in a rat model.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATAPrevious studies report diabetes mellitus (DM) and specifically IDDM as a risk factor for complications and poor surgical outcomes following spinal fusion.METHODSTwenty control and 22 diabetic rats were obtained at 5 weeks of age. At 20 weeks of age, all animals underwent posterolateral lumbar fusion surgery using a tailbone autograft with diabetic rats receiving an implantable time release insulin pellet. A subset of rats was sacrificed 1-week postsurgery for growth factor (PDGF, IGF-I, TGF-β, and VEGF) and proinflammatory cytokine ELISA analysis. All other rats were sacrificed 3-months postsurgery for fusion evaluation via manual palpation and micro CT. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured at surgery and sacrifice on all animals.RESULTSCompared with healthy rats undergoing spinal fusion, rats with IDDM demonstrated a significant reduction in manual palpation fusion rates (16.7% vs. 43%, p<.05). Average bone mineral density, bone volume, and bone volume fraction were also significantly reduced and negatively correlated to blood glucose levels. IL-1B, IL-5, IL-10, TNF-α, and KC/GRO were significantly elevated in fusion beds of IDDM rats.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that rats with IDDM demonstrate a reduced rate and quality of spinal fusion with increased local levels of inflammatory cytokines. Targeted modalities are required to improve bone healing in this growing, high-risk population.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis is the first translational animal model of IDDM to evaluate the rate and quality of spinal fusion while controlling for other surgical and patient-related risk factors. Our findings demonstrate the complex nature by which IDDM impairs bone healing and highlight the need for additional basic science research to further elucidate this mechanism in order to develop more effective therapeutic interventions.     

miRNAs in lung cancer: A link to aging

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Development of lung cancer is associated with exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco smoke and some environmental factors. The incidence of lung cancer increases with age, particularly after age 60. It was estimated that less than 2% of all lung cancer cases occurred in patients younger than 45; therefore, this type of tumor can be considered as an aging-related disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules capable of regulating expression of over 50% of protein-coding genes. miRNAs were shown to play an extremely important role in cell functioning, affecting all biological processes, as well as development of various diseases. Expression profiles of miRNAs are known to be altered in cancer, including lung cancer, and also exhibit changes during aging. These RNA molecules are stable in tissue sections and blood and reflect tumor origin, histotype, and stage, which make them candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. miRNA mimetics or inhibitors can be delivered into a cell, with possible therapeutic implications. Here, we review the results obtained during the last several years that demonstrate the aging-related regulation of miRNAs expression, in association with their role in lung cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to anticancer therapy, as well as the possibility to use miRNAs as predictive biomarkers for treatment response.     

重组人载脂蛋白A5原核表达载体的构建及分析鉴定

目的构建重组人载脂蛋白A5(apoA5)原核表达载体,为进一步制备抗apoA5的单/多克隆抗体奠定基础。方法从人肝癌组织中抽提总RNA,以此为模板,逆转录降度PCR扩增载脂蛋白A5编码区基因全长,构建含有目的片段的克隆载体pPCR-ScriptampSK(+)-apoA5及原核表达载体pET16B-apoA5,通过酶切、测序及诱导表达等验证重组质粒的准确性。结果PCR扩增出1.1kb特异性片段,克隆至pPCR-ScriptampSK(+)后测序,结果表明序列同源性与genebank报道一致,重组质粒pET16B-apoA5经双酶切后电泳显示约为5.7kb和1.1kb的片段,酶切图谱与预期一致,诱导表达蛋白的大小与预期一致。结论成功构建了重组人载脂蛋白A5的原核表达载体。