应用普通腹腔镜器械行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术

2011年4～11月行52例经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,采用5 mm腹腔镜,单孔多通道套管,塑料trocar,常规腹腔镜器械(分离钳、电凝钩、电凝棒等)。trocar和器械错落放置,不要在一个水平面。可吸收夹夹闭胆囊管,超声刀凝固离断胆囊动脉。手术时间18～40 min,平均27 min,术中出血<5 ml。2例放置腹腔引流,48 h后拔除。无胆漏、出血、腹腔积液等并发症。     

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网与胰腺疾病的研究进展

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NETs)是近年来研究的热点,是中性粒细胞杀灭病原体的一种新的免疫机制.越来越多的研究表明,NETs参与了心血管疾病、胆结石的形成、炎症、肿瘤等疾病的病理生理过程.研究显示,NETs是急性胆源性胰腺炎(ABP)的发病机制之一、是急性胰腺炎(AP)病情进展的重要因素,也是促进胰腺癌细胞的增殖、转移、...     

Gallbladder gangrene after percutaneous vertebroplasty,an uncommon presentation of vascular complication: a case report and analysis of the causes

We present a case of an 81-year-old man with gallbladder gangrene after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) that was successfully treated via laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The patient underwent multilevel, thoracic PV for painful osteoporotic compression fractures. PV performed at the T6 level was complicated by severe abdominal pain owing to direct embolization of the right T6 segmental artery with penetration of bone cement into the radicular artery beneath the pedicle. Cement leakage, especially arterial embolization of cement into the general circulation, is a known potential complication following PV. Serious complications related to PV augmentation procedures, such as vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, are rare and most often result from local cement leakage or venous embolization. Combined with this case report, we reviewed the literature regarding the unusual occurrence of direct arterial cement embolization during PV and analyzed the causes to alert clinicians to this potentially rare vascular complication.     

肝门部胆管癌外科治疗的争议与进展

肝门部胆管癌（HCCA）主要发生在肝总管和左右肝管及其汇合部,其约占胆管癌的50.0%～70.0%,是胆道系统常见的恶性肿瘤,且其发病率亚洲最高。目前,手术是治疗HCCA的唯一有效途径。HCCA因早期症状缺乏或不典型,往往患者出现黄疸或者明显腹痛等临床症状,已到进展期才能明确诊断,且其解剖位置特殊、复杂,肿瘤具有沿胆管生长及浸润性生长的生物学特性,其根治性手术切除率及长期生存率均较低。HCCA的外科治疗已取得了较大的进展,但仍然是外科医生所面临的挑战之一。在外科治疗方面,目前还存在许多争议,新的争议点也在不断出现,譬如是否需要实施术前胆道引流及方式、剩余肝体积不足的解决、肝切除的范围、淋巴清扫范围、联合血管切除及肝移植的价值、微创手术应用等。笔者基于当前最新发表文献探讨这些争议,以期对HCCA正确认识和理解,规范化HCCA的治疗,改善患者预后。     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体靶向治疗在胆道恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

胆道恶性肿瘤（BTC）根据解剖部位分为胆囊癌、肝内胆管癌、肝外胆管癌,其发病隐匿、早期诊断困难,患者预后差,手术治疗作为唯一可以根治的治疗方式效果却不理想,化疗对于此类患者效果较差且安全性难以保证。靶向治疗是近年来新兴的治疗手段,可以靶向针对患者肿瘤细胞中的特定位点,在疗效、安全性方面都比传统治疗手段有较大幅度的提升。血管内皮生长因子及其受体是多种实体肿瘤中表达的抗肿瘤靶点之一,在BTC中也有较高水平的表达。二者相互结合后,通过多条信号传导通路将生物学信号传入细胞内进而调控肿瘤的血管生成、血管转移。针对血管内皮生长因子及其受体的靶向治疗在BTC中已有一定成效。贝伐珠单抗是第一种应用于临床的血管内皮生长因子抑制剂,其联合以吉西他滨为基础的系统化疗方案、免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）或酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）都在BTC中收获了较好的效果,但部分仍未达预期,需更多临床试验进一步探索。雷莫卢单抗是一种血管内皮生长因子受体抑制剂,在BTC中研究较少,目前只在联合系统化疗、ICI方面有一定应用。而针对血管内皮生长因子及其受体的TKI目前种类繁多,如仑伐替尼、索拉非尼、阿帕替尼、安罗替尼。仑伐替尼无疑是当前肝胆系统恶性肿瘤中研究的重点,作为一种多靶点TKI,仑伐替尼联合ICI和系统化疗在BTC患者中取得了令人鼓舞的疗效,在大幅度改善患者预后的同时安全性也得到了保障。这为未来的综合治疗手段指明了方向。其他TKI如安罗替尼、阿帕替尼在BTC中也有较为广泛的应用。多种靶向药物在BTC中已开展了广泛的临床研究,其中不乏某些药物为单一靶点抑制剂,这便提示临床工作者,在给予患者靶向药物前,应充分考虑到患者体内目标靶点的表达情况,这样才能做到精准治疗、精确治疗,最大程度提升治疗效果。未来的研究应以精准治疗和系统治疗并重,以改善患者生存、提高其生活质量为唯一目的。     

BNIP3在胰腺癌中的表达及其与术后吉西他滨化疗敏感性的关系

目的 探究胰腺癌Bcl-2/腺病毒E1B-19k相关蛋白3(Bcl-2/E1B-19k-interacting protein 3,BNIP3)的蛋白表达水平及其与术后吉西他滨化疗敏感性的关系。方法 回顾性分析2016年7月至2021年8月内蒙古医科大学附属医院58例胰腺癌根治术,并在术后规律应用吉西他滨辅助化疗或以吉西他滨为主的联合化疗患者的临床资料,选取胰腺癌术后组织切片,对其进行BNIP3免疫组织化学检测,通过实验染色强度及范围进行评分,并分析其与胰腺癌患者预后的关系。结果 与BNIP3低表达组比较,BNIP3高表达组的总生存时间(OS)[13(95%CI 11.378～14.622)个月 vs 18(95%CI 16.592～19.408)个月]和无病生存时间(DFS)[7(95%CI 4.082～9.938)个月 vs 14(95%CI 12.936～15.064)个月]均降低(P<0.05)。BNIP3的蛋白表达水平及淋巴转移情况是OS的独立预后因素,而BNIP3的蛋白表达水平及分化程度是DFS的独立预后因素。结论 胰腺癌组织中BNIP3的蛋白表达水平可能与应用吉西他...     

The comparison between experimental nursing and routine nursing interventions on the quality of life of stoma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The advance in nursing care for stoma patients is a challenging issue, which will influence the life quality. The quality of life is a major issue in the recovery of stoma patients. The evidence of experimental nursing has not been explored enough. A systematic search and a meta-analysis were performed for the studies of experimental nursing interventions versus routine warming interventions on patients with a stoma. The comparisons between nursing interventions were performed to find which kind of intervention will be superior in improving life quality. After a restricted selection, 10 studies, 460 subjects with experimental nursing intervention, and 478 controls with the routine nursing intervention were enrolled in a variety of causes of the stoma. The focused outcome was the quality of life. The meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.4. Among the stoma patients, the meta-analysis favours the experimental nursing intervention group with higher scores of life quality when compared to the routine nursing intervention group. The meta-analysis results were with positive mean differences, significant tests for overall effect, and significant heterogeneities in the random-effects model. The experimental nursing intervention showed higher positive effects on the quality of life when compared to routine nursing intervention for stoma patients. Experimental nursing intervention might be an option for stoma nursing practitioners to improve stoma care.