MSCT灌注成像在前列腺癌诊断中的初步研究

目的分析前列腺癌多层螺旋CT灌注成像的特点,探讨其在前列腺癌诊断中的初步临床应用价值.方法临床或手术病理证实的前列腺癌34例,前列腺增生65例,行病变中心层面灌注扫描,得到各组PF、PEI、TTP、BV值和TDC曲线,并对各组灌注值进行对比分析.结果 PC各灌注参数的平均值:PF为(32.5±10.86)mL/(min.mg)、PEI为(27.43±10.49)HU、TTP为(22.4±3.29)s、BV为(523.11±257.38)mL/g.与BPH组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).平均PF>21 mL/(min.mg)PC组数量多于平均PF<21 mL/(min.mg)组,平均TTP<25 s PC组数量明显多于平均TTP>25 s组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 PC组呈现高灌注、早期强化特点;PF、TTP可以提供有价值的血流动力学信息,对PC的诊断及鉴别诊断具有一定的意义.     

能谱CT等渗甘露醇胃肠低张造影诊断消化道疾病的价值

目的评价口服等渗甘露醇胃肠低张造影结合能谱成像在消化道疾病诊断中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析56例经手术与病理证实消化道病变患者的资料,所有患者均行口服复方聚乙二醇电解质散清洁肠道,检查当日口服2．5％甘露醇等渗溶液行肠道充盈并低张。采用双能CT宝石能谱成像技术行平扫及双期增强扫描,将原始数据应用能谱分析软件,获得组织最佳对比噪声比（CNR）的单能图像,结合水一碘分离图及能谱曲线分析,并在ADW4．5工作站上进行MPR、MIP和VRT。结果56例患者均能顺利完成检查,胃肠道适度扩张、充盈密度均匀,气粪影干扰少,胃壁及肠壁与低密度的胃腔和肠腔形成鲜明的对比。清楚显示胃肿瘤15例,小肠肿瘤9例,小肠Crohn病2例,小肠过敏性紫癜1例,小肠血管畸形2例,结肠肿瘤13例,结肠息肉8例,直肠肿瘤6例,直肠息肉2例,降结肠及乙状结肠缺血3例。结论口服等渗甘露醇胃肠低张造影可以提供良好的胃肠道显示背景,是一种安全、方便、高效的胃肠检查方法,同时结合能谱成像,可突显小病灶,优化血管成像,判断病灶同源性等方面具有一定的价值,且可真正达到胃肠道一站式检查。     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT影像表现

目的探讨分析肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（angiomyolipoma,AML）CT表现及特征。方法回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实,且均进行了CT检查的肝脏AML患者资料。结果8例肝脏AML中脂瘤型1例,以脂肪成分为主,CT显示大片脂肪密度;血管瘤型2例,以血管成分为主,CT增强动脉期明显强化;肌瘤型1例,主要是由平滑肌成分组成,平扫密度均匀,增强呈均一或不均匀强化;混合型4例,三种成分含量相似,增强扫描呈不均匀强化。结论不同病理类型的肝脏AML的CT表现有所不同,CT检查可以清晰的显示出肿瘤的影像特征,了解肝脏AML的病理类型与CT表现之间的关系,有助于提高肝脏AML的cT诊断率。     

腰椎小关节真空现象的CT诊断意义

提出腰椎小关节真空现象在ＣＴ诊断意义中的一种新观点。材料与方法：分析９例腰椎小关节真空现象的ＣＴ片及腰椎侧位片的表现。结果；其中７例均有相关椎体的前滑脱。结论；腰椎小关节真空现象不仅仅是关节软骨退行性变的表现，更是腰椎滑脱的征象。     

Postoperative apnea, respiratory strategies, and pathogenesis mechanisms: a review

Recovery from anesthesia is ideally routine and uneventful. After extubation, the recovering postoperative patient ought to breathe without supportive care or additional oxygenation. It has been demonstrated in previous studies that postoperative pulmonary complications are clinically relevant in terms of mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay. Compromised postoperative ventilation can be described as the condition in which the postoperative patient does not have satisfactory spontaneous ventilation support and adequate oxygenation. Causes of impaired ventilation, oxygenation, and airway maintenance can be mechanical, hemodynamic, and pharmacologic. This review describes prevalence and differential diagnosis, including co-morbidities of postoperative apnea. The physiological mechanisms of breathing and prolonged postoperative apnea are also reviewed; these mechanisms include influences from the brainstem, the cerebral cortex, and chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic body. Causes of prolonged postoperative apnea and management are also discussed.     

Sexual activity and function in women with and without pelvic floor disorders

Introduction and hypothesis

We describe differences in sexual activity and function in women with and without pelvic floor disorders (PFDs).

Methods

Heterosexual women ≥40 years of age who presented to either urogynecology or general gynecology clinics at 11 clinical sites were recruited. Women were asked if they were sexually active with a male partner. Validated questionnaires and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) examinations assessed urinary incontinence (UI), fecal incontinence (FI), and/or pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Sexual activity and function was measured by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Student’s t test was used to assess continuous variables; categorical variables were assessed with Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the impact of pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) on FSFI total and domain scores.

Results

Five hundred and five women met eligibility requirements and gave consent for participation. Women with and without PFDs did not differ in race, body mass index (BMI), comorbid medical conditions, or hormone use. Women with PFDs were slightly older than women without PFDs (55.6?+?10.8 vs. 51.6?+?8.3 years, P <0.001); all analyses were controlled for age. Women with PFDs were as likely to be sexually active as women without PFDs (61.6 vs. 75.5 %, P?=?0.09). There was no difference in total FSFI scores between cohorts (23.2?+?8.5 vs. 24.4?+?9.2, P?=?0.23) or FSFI domain scores (all P?=?NS).

Conclusion

Rates of sexual activity and function are not different between women with and without PFDs.     

高原地区CT导引经皮腰椎间盘髓核切吸术的临床研究

目的：探讨高原地区CT导引经皮腰椎间盘髓核切吸术（CT-PLD）的临床应用价值。方法：对68例腰椎间盘突出症患者实施了CT-PLD。（1）术前扫描病变椎间盘，筛选病例，并研究手术方案；（2）于即时CT图像上选择最佳的穿刺层面，设计穿刺路径，记录穿刺参数，并于体表标记穿刺点；（3）按既定参数进行穿刺；（4）经CT扫描确认穿刺进入椎间盘，扩张进针路径，进行切吸；（5）术毕CT扫描，观察进针路径有无出血及椎间盘还纳情况。结果：68例共79个椎间盘均穿刺成功。经3-18个月的随访，28例症状完全消失，36例症状明显减轻且能正常工作及生活，椎间盘还纳为1-4mm，显效率为94.12%。结论：CT-PLD安全有效，并发症少，是高原地区腰椎间盘突出症的理想的治疗方法。