More precise localization of nasal tumors associated with chronic exposure of F-344 rats to formaldehyde gas

Considerable interest and research have resulted from the finding that squamous cell carcinomas, polypoid adenomas, and a small number of other nasal neoplasms occurred in F-344 rats following chronic inhalation exposure to formaldehyde. These tumors were reported to originate in the anterior portion of the nasal cavity but their precise location in the nose was not determined. Histologic sections from the nasal passages of these rats have been reexamined and the location of each tumor has been recorded. The majority of squamous cell carcinomas occurred on the anterior portion of the lateral aspect of the nasoturbinate and adjacent lateral wall (57%) or the midventral nasal septum (26%). Polypoid adenomas were confined to a small region of the anterior nasal cavity and were restricted to the free margins of the naso-and maxilloturbinates and lateral wall adjacent to these margins. One neoplasm, considered to be the malignant counterpart of the polypoid adenoma, originated on the dorsal margin of the maxilloturbinate in the same region of the nose. Remaining neoplasms were generally too large or too poorly preserved for assessment of their site of origin. Mechanistic studies directed toward a better understanding of the nasal carcinogenicity of formaldehyde, or other nasal carcinogens, should take into account the anatomic sites of origin of the neoplasms whenever this can be determined.     

应用FRAX预测女性骨质疏松性骨折风险的对比研究

目的应用FRAX对比女性前臂骨密度和股骨颈骨密度进行骨质疏松性骨折的风险预测。方法对行骨密度检查的女性作回顾性分析,其中行前臂骨密度检查10 519例,行股骨颈骨密度检查1 280例。根据FRAX指定的危险因子,记录研究对象的年龄、身高、体重、既往骨折史、父母髋部骨折史、吸烟史、饮酒史、长期使用类固醇激素史、类风湿性关节炎及其他继发性骨质疏松症史、前臂和股骨颈的骨密度值或T值。以每10岁年龄段分组,分别运用前臂骨密度T值及股骨颈骨密度计算FRAX评分。应用SPSS 19.0统计分析软件,两组间计量数据比较使用t检验,不符合t检验条件时使用非参数秩和检验。P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果前臂骨密度低于股骨颈骨密度。40～50岁组骨密度T值前臂要高于股骨颈,60～80岁组骨密度T值前臂低于股骨颈,除80岁组外,其他各组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。40岁组前臂骨质疏松检出率低于股骨颈骨质疏松检出率;50～80岁组前臂骨质疏松检出率较高(P0.05)。40～50岁组预测主要部位骨折风险前臂要低于股骨颈;70岁组预测主要部位骨折风险系数前臂要高于股骨颈(P0.05)。40～50岁组预测髋部骨折风险前臂低于股骨颈;70岁组预测髋部骨折风险系数前臂高于股骨颈(P0.05)。结论前臂骨密度可以用于FRAX进行骨折风险的预测,但各年龄段的评估概率会与股骨颈有一定差距,还需进行深入细致更准确的研究。     

Skeletal class II malocclusion caused by mouth breathing in a pediatric patient undergoing treatment by interceptive guidance of occlusion

A 7-year 10-month-old boy was evaluated for mouth breathing and snoring habits. Examination revealed soft convex tissues, maxillary protrusion, mandibular retrusion, and a class II sagittal osteofascial pattern. The patient failed a water holding test. He was clinically diagnosed with skeletal class II malocclusion caused by mouth breathing. Under interceptive guidance of occlusion (iGo), the malocclusion improved with fixed maxillary expansion using functional appliances and interventional treatment of mouth breathing by lip closure exercises. These treatments enabled the patient to gradually return to nasal breathing and guided him to develop physiological occlusion for a coordinated jaw-to-jaw relation. At the 5-year 2-month post-correction follow-up visit (at the age of 13 years), the patient had stable occlusion, a coordinated osteofascial pattern, and normal dentition, periodontium, and temporomandibular joints.     

Affective and inflammatory responses among orchestra musicians in performance situation

A number of studies have shown that mental challenge under controlled experimental conditions is associated with elevations in inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). However, relatively little work has been done on the effects of ‘naturalistic’ stressors on acute changes in inflammatory markers. The present study examined whether perceived arousal, valence and dominance in musicians are associated with pro-inflammatory and oxidative responses to a concert situation. Blood and salivary samples obtained from 48 members of a symphony orchestra on the day of rehearsal (i.e. control situation) and on the following day of premiere concert (i.e. test situation) were used to determine changes in salivary cortisol, pro-inflammatory markers (plasma myeloperoxidase, serum CRP, plasma IL-6), oxidative stress markers (paraoxonase1 activity and malondialdehyde), and homocysteine, a risk factor for vascular disease. Results of regression analyses showed a significant trend to increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) response in individuals with low valence score. Both affective states, valence and arousal, were identified as significant predictors of cortisol response during concert. In addition, control levels of plasma malondialdehyde were positively correlated with differences in IL-6 levels between premiere and rehearsal (r = .38, p = .012), pointing to higher oxidative stress in individuals with pronounced IL-6 response. Our results indicate that stress of public performance leads to increased concentrations of plasma MPO (20%), IL-6 (27%) and salivary cortisol (44%) in musicians. The decreasing effect of pleasantness on the MPO response was highly pronounced in non-smokers (r = −.60, p < .001), suggesting a significant role of emotional valence in stress-induced secretion of MPO. Additional studies are needed to assess the generalizability of these findings to other ’naturalistic’ stress situations.     

Study and evaluation of mechanisms of dual targeting drug delivery system with tumor microenvironment assays compared with normal assays

A dual targeting delivery system was developed to completely conquer the two barriers that glioma treatment faces: the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the brain–glioma barrier. Recently, a system comprising AS1411 aptamer (for glioma targeting) and TGN peptide (for BBB targeting) modified nanoparticles (AsTNPs) was developed, which can effectively target brain glioma and improve the survival of glioma-bearing mice. However, the in vitro models currently used are far too different from the in vivo tumor microenvironment that the glioma targeting delivery system actually faces. In this study, the pharmacology mechanisms of AsTNPs were explored in several models that imitated the tumor microenvironment. AsTNPs can be selectively taken up by endothelial and glioma cells, effectively penetrating the BBB and brain–glioma barriers to reach glioma cells and display their anti-glioma effect. The cell monolayers, tumor spheroids and coculture systems were more suitable in vitro models for the pharmacology evaluation of targeted drug delivery systems.     

Analysis and Study on 47 Cases of Adverse Reactions of Chinese Medicine Injection

Background

Along with efficacy, Chinese medicine is increasingly being known to people, Chinese medicine and its preparations are increasingly widespread in clinical use. People generally believe that Chinese medicine has few side effects and is safe, especially Chinese medicine injections. Due to the direct injection in blood, rapid onset and good efficacy, they are welcomed by people. However, with increased use, adverse reactions are increasing, even causing serious consequences. The objective is to learn about the characteristics and laws of the adverse effects of Chinese medicine injections, provide references for the clinical safe drug use, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.

Materials and Methods

The method was established to analyze the data of 47 cases of adverse reactions caused by Chinese medicine injections in our hospital from the year, 2009 to 2010.

Results

The organs / systems involved in the 47 cases of adverse reactions are primarily skin and its accessories and secondly systemic damage, involving a total of eight varieties of drugs.

Conclusion

The adverse reactions of Chinese medicine injections are mostly in Chinese patent drugs, which should be paid attention to, to find out the problems and laws, use the drugs rationally, and reduce the incidence of the adverse reactions.     

Epidemiology of Group B streptococcus isolated from pregnant women in Beijing,China

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) was the main causative organism of invasive infections in newborns due to vertical transmission from the colonized mothers. The study was undertaken to determine colonization rate, serotype distribution, genotypic characterization, antibiotic susceptibility profiles and molecular characteristics of erythromycin-resistant strains of GBS in pregnant women in Beijing, China. Vaginal–rectal swabs were collected from a total of 2850 pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation, in which 7.1% were GBS positive. Serotypes III, Ia and V predominated. All isolates were penicillin susceptible, whereas the resistance rates for erythromycin and clindamycin were strikingly high.     

儿童糖尿病合并酮症酸中毒和高血糖高渗状态临床特征分析

目的了解儿童糖尿病合并酮症酸中毒(DKA)和高血糖高渗状态(HHS)的临床特征。方法依据诊断标准,从1995年1月至2009年12月新确诊的糖尿病患儿中筛选DKA和HHS患儿,比较糖尿病同时合并DKA和HHS(DKA-HHS)与单纯DKA患儿的临床特点。结果 1 065例新诊断儿童糖尿病患儿中有483例合并DKA,占45.35%;16例符合DKA-HHS,占1.50%;无单纯HHS糖尿病患儿。HHS在DKA患儿中的发生率为3.31%,其中1型糖尿病14例,2型糖尿病2例。HHS在年龄≥10岁的DKA患儿中的发生率明显高于小年龄患儿(χ2=6.05,P<0.05)。DKA-HHS患儿中重度脱水的比例、平均有效渗透压、血糖、三酰甘油及尿素氮水平均显著高于单纯DKA患儿,且酸中毒程度明显重于单纯DKA患儿,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);DKA-HHS患儿的校正血清钠水平显著高于单纯DKA患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新诊断糖尿病患儿的HHS发生率较DKA低,且均与DKA合并存在;更常见于≥10岁患儿;DKA-HHS较单纯DKA患儿的代谢紊乱程度、脱水及酸中毒程度更严重,肾功能异常率更高。