Protective effect of pinocembrin from Penthorum chinense Pursh on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury via regulating HMGB1/TLR4 signal pathway

Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (HIRI) is of common occurrence during liver surgery and transplantation. Pinocembrin (PIN) is a kind of flavonoid monomer extracted from the local traditional Chinese medicine Penthorum chinense Pursh (P. chinense). However, the effect of PIN on HIRI has not determined. We investigated the protective effect and potential mechanism of PIN against HIRI. Model mice were subjected to partial liver ischemia for 60 min, experimental mice were pretreated with PIN orally for 7 days, and H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage model in AML12 hepatic cells was established in vitro. Histopathologic analysis and serum biochemical levels revealed that PIN had hepatoprotective activities against HIRI. The variation of GSH, SOD, MDA, and ROS levels indicated that PIN treatments attenuated oxidative stress in tissue. PIN pretreatment obviously ameliorated apoptosis, and restrained the expression of HMGB1 and TLR4 in vivo. In vitro, compared with H₂O₂ group, the contents of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptotic cells, and Bcl-2 protein were decreased, while the Bax protein expression was increased. Moreover, HMGB-1 small interfering RNA test and western blotting showed that PIN pretreatment reduced HMGB1 and TLR4 protein levels. In conclusion, PIN pretreatment effectively protected hepatocytes from HIRI and inhibited the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway.     

Multi‐center Retrospective Study of Factors Affecting Perioperative Transfusion of Packed Red Blood Cells for Pelvic Fracture Patients

ObjectiveTo analyze the use of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) for patients with pelvic fracture and evaluate factors associated with PRBC transfusion for patients with pelvic fracture.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study collected 551 patients with pelvic fractures from six hospitals between September 1, 2012, and June 31, 2019. The age span of patients varied from 10 to 95 years old, and they were classified into two groups based on high‐energy pelvic fractures (HE‐PFs) or low‐energy pelvic fractures (LE‐PFs). The study''s outcome was the use of PRBCs, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and albumin. Demographic data, characteristics, laboratory tests, clinical treatment details, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Factors that were statistically associated with perioperative PRBCs in univariate analyses were included to conduct an optimal scale regression to determine the independent factors for perioperative PRBCs.ResultsA total of 551 patients were screened from six hospitals, and after inclusion and exclusion, 319 were finally included and finished the follow‐up from admission to discharge, while four patients died during hospitalization. Three hundred and nineteen patients were classified into two groups by their injury mechanisms. A total of 230/319 (72.1%) patients were classified into the HE‐PF group, and 89/319 (27.8%) patients were classified into the LE‐PF group. Patients in the HE‐PF group were transfused with 4.5 (3–8) units of PRBCs, 300 (0–600) ml of FFP, and 0 (0–30) g of albumin, while patients in the LE‐PF group were transfused with 3.5 (2–4.5) units of PRBCs, 0 (0–295) ml of FFP, and 0 (0–0) g of albumin (all P < 0.001). There were higher proportions of male patients and patients under 65 in the HE‐PF group (all P < 0.001). HE‐PF group patients were more severely injured and likely to take external fixation. The optimal scale regression revealed four significant factors associated with perioperative transfused PRBCs, which were patients on admission with hemorrhagic shock (importance = 0.283, P = 0.004), followed by fracture types identified by Tile classification (importance = 0.156, P < 0.001), hemoglobin levels below 70 g/L on admission (importance = 0.283, P = 0.004), followed by fracture types identified by Tile classification (importance = 0.156, P < 0.001), hemoglobin levels below 70 g/L on admission (importance = 0.148, P = 0.039), and methods of pelvic fixation (importance = 0.008, P = 0.026), ranked by the importance.ConclusionPatients with HE‐PFs had increased transfusions of PRBCs, FFP, and albumin, and hemorrhagic shock on admission, Tile classification, Hb levels, and stabilization methods were found to be associated with perioperative PRBCs.     

Adriamycin-methotrexate high dose versus adriamycin-methotrexate moderate dose as adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the extremities: a randomized study

Adjuvant chemotherapy comprising Adriamycin (ADM) and Methotrexate (MTX) with Citrovorum Factor (CF) was administered on a randomization basis to 2 groups of patients with osteosarcoma after surgical ablation of the primary tumor. One group received high dose MTX (regimen I) and the other moderate dose MTX (regimen II). In both groups a short period of heparin treatment was also administered to prevent neoplastic emboli during surgery. All patients were free of metastasis at the beginning of therapy. The efficacy of therapy was determined by recording the percentage of continuously disease-free patients. This was compared to the disease-free survival in 132 patients previously treated with other ADM or ADM-MTX regimens and to a group of 39 patients treated during this period with amputation only. The latter did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy for a variety of reasons and are equated to a concurrent control group. Over the ensuing 27–66 months, 31 of 56 patients (55%) treated with regimen I and 25 of 50 (50%) treated with regimen II were disease-free. The overall disease-free survival in both regimens was 53%. This is similar to the 132 patients treated with previous adjuvant chemotherapy protocols (45–50%). However, the percentage of continuously disease-free patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly better than the 39 patients (12%) treated contemporaneously with surgery only (P < 0.0005). Survival in the latter is similar to that of historical control patients. These results do not suggest any change in the natural history of osteosarcoma and reveal benefits which may accrue with adjuvant chemotherapy. These results also demonstrate that in adjuvant treatment of osteosarcoma performed with ADM and MTX the high and the moderate doses of MTX are equally efficacious.     

Improving the health and treatment success rates of in vitro fertilization patients with traditional Chinese medicine: Need for more robust evidence and innovative approaches

Maximising access to and the success of fertility treatments should be a priority for global reproductive health, as should overall patient well-being. The demand for in vitro fertilization(IVF) and other assisted fertility treatments has increased over the past decade and is likely to further increase in years to come.Nevertheless, there is still considerable unmet demand for infertility support worldwide. Moreover, the high emotional, physical and financial burden experienced by individuals un...     

A new heparin fragment decreases liver ischemia-reperfusion injury

<正>To the Editor:Ischemia-reperfusion injury following surgery and transplantation can lead to irreversible multiorgan failure.Intracellular calcium overload is associated to cellular death during ischemiareperfusion.A recently discovered heparin fragment (HF),trisulfated disaccharide (TD),that acts on sodium-calcium exchanger(NCX) decreasing intracellular Ca²⁺,showed effectiveness on protecting hepatocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury [1],     

肺细胞外基质水凝胶治疗大鼠 放射性肺损伤的实验研究

目的 探讨气管内注射肺细胞外基质（ECM）水凝胶对大鼠放射性肺损伤的疗效。方法 脱细 胞法制备肺ECM 水凝胶, 单次全肺20 Gy 照射复制放射性肺损伤模型。实验一：照射后30 min 将24 只大鼠 随机分为4 组,分别注射肺ECM 水凝胶0、300、500 及800μl,比较注射后30 min 的死亡率、动脉血氧分 压（PaO2）,免疫荧光染色观察水凝胶分布。实验二：将18 只大鼠分为对照组（正常大鼠）、照射组（照射+ 气管内注射生理盐水）及ECM 组（照射+ 气管内注射肺ECM 水凝胶）,注射时间为照射后30 min,剂量 500μl,照射7 d 后行肺病理学检查,ELISA 法检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6） 水平。结果 气管内注射肺ECM 水凝胶300 或500μl 不会影响大鼠PaO2（P >0.05）,而800μl 则会影响大 鼠PaO2（P <0.05）,300、500 及800μl 组均能在肺泡表面观察到绿色荧光,其中800μl 分布最均匀;照射组 及ECM 组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6 水平较对照组升高（P <0.05）,ECM 组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6 水平 较照射组降低（P <0.05）。结论 肺ECM 水凝胶能减轻放射性肺损伤早期的炎症反应,可作为一种新的治疗策略。     

皮损间充质干细胞中相关细胞因子异常分泌对银屑病的临床意义

目的 探讨表皮生长因子（EGF）、转化生长因子β（TGF-β）及干细胞因子（SCF）在银屑病发生、发展中的作用。方法 体外分离培养银屑病患者（观察组）与健康皮肤患者（对照组）皮肤间充质干细胞,采用流式细胞仪检测鉴定皮肤间充质干细胞,显微镜下观察成脂及成骨诱导分化后的皮肤间充质干细胞,采用ELISA检测皮肤间充质干细胞中EGF、TGF-β1及SCF的水平。结果 观察组与对照组的皮肤间充质干细胞显微镜下形态相似;观察组表面抗原CD73、CD44、CD90、CD105、以及CD29表达阳性,而HLA-DR、CD34以及CD45表达阴性;成脂及成骨诱导分化能力相似;观察组皮肤间充质干细胞中EGF、TGF-β1及SCF的水平与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）,观察组皮损处皮肤间充质干细胞中EGF及SCF水平表达升高,而TGF-β1水平降低。结论 银屑病患者皮损间充质干细胞EGF、TGF-β1及SCF分泌异常。