Comparison of the effects of perineural or intravenous dexamethasone on thoracic paravertebral block in Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy: A double‐blind randomized trial

Efforts to prolong thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) analgesia include local anesthetic adjuvants, such as dexamethasone (Dex). Previous studies showed that both perineural (PN) and intravenous (i.v.) routes could prolong analgesia. As PN Dex is an off‐label use, anesthesiologists should be fully informed of the clinical differences, if any, on block duration. This study was designed to evaluate the two administration routes of Dex for duration of analgesia in TPVB. Ninety‐five patients scheduled for Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy were randomized to receive TPVB (0.5% ropivacaine 15 ml), PN or i.v. Dex 8 mg. The primary end point was the duration of analgesia. The secondary end points included pain scores, analgesic consumption, adverse effects rate, and incidence of chronic pain at 3 months postoperatively. The PN‐Dex group showed better analgesic effects than the i.v.‐Dex group (p < 0.05). Similarly, the visual analogue scale scores in patients at 2, 4, 8, and 12 h postoperatively were lower in the PN‐Dex group than the i.v.‐Dex group (p < 0.05). The analgesic consumption in both the PN‐Dex and i.v.‐Dex groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Regarding the incidence of chronic pain, regardless of route, Dex decreased the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain and neuropathic pain at 3 months after surgery (p < 0.05), but there were no clinical differences between the i.v.‐Dex and PN‐Dex groups. Perineural dexamethasone improved the magnitude and duration of analgesia compared to that of the i.v.‐Dex group in TPVB in Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy. However, there were no clinically significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of chronic pain.

Study Highlights WHAT IS THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON THE TOPIC? Both perineural (PN) and intravenous (i.v.) dexamethasone (Dex) could prolong the duration of a nerve block, but the superiority of either route is still inconclusive. WHAT QUESTION DID THIS STUDY ADDRESS? The study investigated the effects of the two routes of Dex added to ropivacaine on analgesic effects of thoracic paravertebral block in patients undergoing Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD TO OUR KNOWLEDGE? These results extend the knowledge of the superior analgesic effect of Dex for the management of perioperative pain in the setting of Ivor‐Lewis Esophagectomy. HOW MIGHT THIS CHANGE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OR TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE? Because PN Dex is an off‐label use, our study conformed the safety of Dex as PN adjuvants and extended its application field in clinical work.     

赝复体联合组织间放射性粒子植入治疗腭部恶性肿瘤的护理

目的 总结赝复体联合组织间^125I放射性粒子植入术治疗腭部腺源性恶性肿瘤的护理经验.方法 对10例行赝复体联合组织间放射性粒子植入治疗的腭部腺源性恶性肿瘤患者的治疗及护理情况进行回顾性分析;术后随访观察患者的治疗效果及不良反应.结果 所有10例患者均顺利接受治疗,成功率100%;术后随访2～15个月,均未发现靶区覆盖范围肿瘤复发或转移;无并发症发生.结论 对腭部腺源性恶性肿瘤患者,手术切除后采用赝复体联合组织间放射性粒子植入进行放射治疗,近期效果较好,不良反应小.术前做好充分准备,术后加强生命体征监测及做好并发症的观察和护理,均有效地保证了此项技术的顺利开展.     

青年脑卒中研究进展

脑卒中是导致人们致死、致残的主要原因,现如今脑卒中的发病率逐年增高,而其发病年龄则呈现逐年下降的趋势。本文针对青年患者脑卒中的发病原因、危险因素、治疗方法以及预后等方面作一综述,旨在概括青年脑卒中目前的研究进展与研究方向,为疾病的研究提供相关参考。     

高血浆黏度与肾功能进展的关系

目的 探讨高血浆黏度（PV）与肾功能进展的关系,为控制慢性病、提高人群生命质量提供依据。 方法 采用回顾性研究收集2005 年1 月—2012 年12 月徐州市中心医院重复健康体检者资料。将暴露于高 PV 者（暴露组214 例）与未暴露于高PV 者（非暴露组642 例）按1 ∶ 3 配对,比较血肌酐（Scr）、血尿酸（UA） 及肾小球滤过率（GFR）等指标。结果 两组入组时各指标均衡可比,经过7 年随访观察,两组年龄、身高、 体重、收缩压、舒张压、血尿素氮（BUN）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、UA 及血糖（GLU）比较,差异无统计 学意义（P >0.05）;暴露组Scr、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯、PV 较非暴露组高（P <0.05）,而GFR 较非暴 露组低（P <0.05）;暴露组肾功能进展患病率高于非暴露组（P <0.05）;TC 中介效应为17.7%。结论 高PV 很可能通过TC 的介导,成为慢性肾脏病的危险因素。     

局部脑氧饱和度监测对老年高血压脊柱内固定手术围术期循环和炎症因子的影响

目的 探讨局部脑氧饱和度（rSO₂）监测在高血压老年病人脊柱内固定手术中对围术期循环、炎症因子水平以及病人术后认知功能的影响。方法 选取我院2020年1月至2021年1月老年高血压骨科全麻手术病人106例,随机抽签分为观察组与对照组,观察组术中持续监测rSO₂,对照组仅行常规管理。观察两组麻醉前（T0）、手术开始时（T1）、手术开始30 min（T2）、手术开始90 min（T3）及术后（T4）的rSO₂、平均动脉血压（MAP）及心率变化,比较两组手术前、术后3 d神经生长因子（NGF）、前列腺素E2（PGE₂）、神经肽Y（NPY）、白介素6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平、术后神经认知功能障碍（PND）及躁动发生率。结果 观察组手术时间、出血量、术后引流量明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。T1、T2、T3时观察组rSO₂明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;T2、T3时观察组MAP明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。与术前比较,两组术后3 d NGF、PGE₂、NPY、IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平均明显升高（P＜0.05）,但术后3 d观察组IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组PND及躁动发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 rSO2监测指导高血压老年病人脊柱内固定手术的血压管理效果可靠,可减少术中出血量并降低术后炎性因子水平。     

Metabolic syndrome does not always play a critical role in decreased GFR

Background There is a paucity of literature available as to the relationship between different levels of each metabolic syndrome (MetS) component and decreased GFR. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate whether MetS always plays a critical role in decreased GFR. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2010 and September 2012, with 75,468 adults enrolled undergoing measurements of blood pressure as well as tests of blood and urine samples. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the chi-square test was used for categorical variables and described as a percentage. Results Of the 75,468 participants, 350 (0.5%) subjects met criteria for the decreased GFR, with a mean age of 48.79?±?13.76?years. After adjustment for age, diastolic blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein were inversely related to decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in multivariable analyses, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.57 (0.39–0.84) and 0.41 (0.24–0.72), respectively. The prevalence rate of CKD in critical group was 0.73% (154 of 21,127) and 0% (0 of 370) in noncritical group. In analysis stratified by the type of MetS components, the differences in noncritical group and the reference group were not statistically significant (χ^2?=^?1.349, p?>?0.05). Conclusions MetS does not always play a critical role in decreased GFR, with different levels of individual components of MetS exerting idiosyncratic effects in decreased eGFR. In fact, patients with abnormal body mass index, high triglycerides, and elevated fasting plasma glucose would not have impact on decreased GFR.     

经尿道输尿管软镜治疗肾盂旁囊肿的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨经尿道输尿管软镜治疗肾盂旁囊肿的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2015年9月至2018年12月本院及大连医科大学附属二院收治的52例行手术治疗的肾盂旁囊肿患者的临床资料。依据手术方式不同分为软镜组(22例)及腹腔镜组(30例),通过比较两组手术疗效及术后恢复情况,评估两组患者临床疗效的差异。结果:两组患者均未出现...     

彩色多普勒超声对感染性休克患者急性肾损伤的预测价值

背景 感染性休克患者存在肾脏血液灌注异常,严重时可诱发急性肾损伤(AKI),严重威胁患者生命安全;彩色多普勒超声(CDU)可用于评估肾脏血流变化,但有关其在感染性休克患者AKI评估中价值的研究较少。目的 通过CDU评价感染性休克患者AKI的发生情况及其血流动力学改变。方法 选取2019年6月至2021年7月徐州市中心医院收治的105例确诊为感染性休克的患者并纳入感染组,选取同期健康体检者58例并纳入对照组,收集受试者一般资料。采用CDU检查受试者肾脏血流动力学指标[肾动脉管腔内径(D)、收缩期血流峰值速度(Vs)、舒张末期血流速度(Vd)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)],比较感染组与对照组的一般资料及肾脏血流动力学指标。根据感染组患者入院72 h内发生AKI与否将其分为AKI组及非AKI组,比较AKI组与非AKI组肾脏血流动力学指标。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析肾脏血流动力学指标对感染性休克患者发生AKI的预测价值。应用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析探讨感染性休克患者发生AKI的影响因素。以AKI由轻到重的程度将患者分为AKIⅠ组、AKIⅡ组、AKIⅢ组,比较...     

EB病毒在结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中的预后价值：一项淮海淋巴瘤协作组的多中心回顾性研究

目的 基于倾向性评分逆处理概率加权(IPTW)法评估EB病毒(EBV)在结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者中的预后价值。方法 收集2012年10月—2021年4月淮海淋巴瘤协作组中8家医疗机构初诊为结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤且具有全血EBV-DNA数据的468例患者的临床资料。采用IPTW法分析EBV载量对结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者生存期的影响;采用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析;绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线,组间比较采用Log rank χ²检验。结果 468例结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者中,EBV-DNA阳性266例,EBV-DNA阴性202例。EBV-DNA阳性组和阴性组患者的5年OS分别为62.5%和89.2%,两组比较,经Log rank χ²检验,差异有统计学意义(χ²=42.900,P=0.000)。IPTW前,两组的美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)活动状态(PS)评分(ECOG PS评分)、原发部位、CA分期、Ann Arbor分期、白蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、治疗方案比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IPT...