窒息新生儿胆囊排空功能的研究

观察窒息对新生儿胆囊排空功能的影响。方法用B超检测窒息新生儿107例及正常对照组 新生儿219例胆囊排空前后胆囊的长径、直径,计算出胆囊排空前后最大纵断面积近似值(长径×直径)的均 数、各指标胆囊排空前后差值及胆囊排空率;并用统计学方法比较以上各指标。结果窒息组的各差值及胆囊 排空率均小于正常对照组,而最大纵断面积近似值却大于正常对照组(P均＜0.01)。结论窒息可使新生儿 胆囊排空功能明显减弱,使新生儿胆囊扩张。     

Incidence of brain injuries in premature infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks in ten urban hospitals in China

Background

There is a large number (1.5 million per year) of premature births in China. It is necessary to obtain the authentic incidences of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), the common brain injuries, in Chinese premature infants. The present multicenter study aimed to investigate the incidence of brain injuries in premature infants in ten urban hospitals in China.

Methods

The research proposal was designed by the Subspecialty Group of Neonatology of Pediatric Society of the Chinese Medical Association. Ten large-scale urban hospitals voluntarily joined the multicenter investigation. All premature infants with a gestational age ≤34 weeks in the ten hospitals were subjected to routine cranial ultrasound within three days after birth, and then to repeated ultrasound every 3–7 days till their discharge from the hospital from January 2005 to August 2006. A uniform data collection sheet was designed to record cases of brain injuries.

Results

The incidences of overall IVH and severe IVH were 19.7% (305/1551) and 4.6% (72/1551), respectively with 18.4% (56/305) for grade 1, 58.0% (177/305) for grade 2, 17.7% (54/305) for grade 3 and 5.9% (18/305) for grade 4 in nine hospitals. The incidences of overall PVL and cystic PVL were 5.0% (89/1792) and 0.8% (14/1792) respectively, with 84.3% (75/89) for grade 1, 13.5% (12/89) for grade 2, and 2.2% (2/89) for grade 3 in the ten hospitals. The statistically significant risk factors that might aggravate the severity of IVH were vaginal delivery (OR=1.883, 95% CI: 1.099–3.228, P=0.020) and mechanical ventilation (OR=4.150, 95% CI: 2.384–7.223, P=0.000). The risk factors that might result in the development of cystic PVL was vaginal delivery (OR=21.094, 95% CI: 2.650–167.895, P=0.000).

Conclusions

The investigative report can basically reflect the incidence of brain injuries in premature infants in major big cities of China. Since more than 60% of the Chinese population live in the rural areas of China, it is expected to undertake a further multicenter investigation covering the rural areas in the future.     

葡萄膜炎继发青光眼并发白内障的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗葡萄膜炎继发青光眼并发白内障的效果。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年1月住院治疗的28例（32眼）葡萄膜炎继发青光眼并发白内障患者的临床资料,比较术前、术后视力及眼压。结果 术后1周及12个月矫正视力提高30眼（93.75%）。25眼（78.13%）术后1周眼压控制在正常范围,7眼（29.91%）需加以抗青光眼药物治疗。2眼（6.25%）术后1个月眼压仍高,再次手术,术后眼压控制在正常范围。术后1周及术后12个月视力、眼压与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 对葡萄膜炎继发青光眼并发白内障患者行超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶体植入术同时联合抗青光眼手术（包括小梁切除术和虹膜周边切除术）可有效降低眼压,提高视力。     

Anterior segment parameters on optical coherence tomography in healthy South Asian children

PurposeHigh resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to assess the anterior segment structure parameters in healthy South Asian children.Methods108 eyes of 54 healthy children ≤ 16 years were recruited after a thorough eye exam. The anterior segment analysis was be done by Optopol Revo 80 high resolution SD-OCT. Central corneal thickness (CCT), Angle opening distance (AOD), Anterior chamber (AC) angle, Trabecular iris space area (TISA), Trabecular iris angle (TIA), iris thickness at 2 mm, internal AC diameter and lens vault were evaluated.ResultsMean age was 11.38 years. Mean IOP was 13.63 mmHg, mean axial length, 22.82 mm, mean spherical equivalent, -0.14 D, mean CCT, 532.6 µm and mean CDR was 0.31. The mean internal AC diameter was 11609.15 µm. The nasal and temporal AC angles was 53.54° and 50.37°, respectively [P = .033]. The nasal and temporal AOD500 were 0.9 mm and 0.85 mm, respectively [P = .629]. The nasal and temporal AOD750 were 1.21 mm and 1.06 mm, respectively [P = .583]. The nasal TIA was 41.75°; the temporal TIA; 40.24° [P = .325]. The nasal TISA500 was 0.33 mm²; the temporal TISA500, 0.31 mm² [P = .012]. The nasal TISA750 was 0. 59 mm²; the temporal TISA750, 0.56 mm² [P = .746]. The nasal iris thickness at 2 mm was 483.54 µm; the temporal iris thickness, 505.8 µm [P = .273]. The mean lens vault was -519.58 µm.ConclusionsOur study data depicts the normal anterior segment parameters in healthy Pakistani children.     

联合吲哚菁绿荧光法与蓝染法行乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的临床研究

目的:探讨联合应用吲哚菁绿(ICG)荧光示踪法与蓝染法行乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)的可行性。方法:选择2014年3月―2015年10月期间276例乳腺癌患者,其中131例患者应用ICG联合美蓝行SLNB(联合组),145例患者以美蓝为示踪剂行SLNB(美蓝组)。所有患者SLNB结束后均行I、II水平腋窝淋巴清扫。结果:两组基本临床资料差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);联合组前哨淋巴结(SLNs)检出率明显高于美蓝组(96.9 vs.89.7%,P=0.017),平均检出SLNs数目明显多于美蓝组(3.0枚vs.2.1枚,P=0.011);假阴性率低于美蓝组(7.1% vs.10.9%),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.813)。全组数据统计分析显示,SLNs检出个数≤2时的假阴性率明显高于SLNs检出个数≥3时假阴性率(17.5% vs.2.1%,P=0.033)。结论:ICG荧光示踪法联合蓝染法行乳腺癌SLNB相对于蓝染法有检出率高、SLNs平均检出个数多、淋巴管实时显像的优势,在不具备核素法广泛应用条件时推荐使用。     

医源性胆道损伤的诊治：附52例报告

目的:总结医源性胆道损伤的经验教训。 方法:对52例医源性胆道损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果:胆道手术所致48例(92.3%)，胃大部切除术及肝脏手术所致各2例（共7.7%）。损伤部位在肝总管与胆总管交界处34例(65.4%)，肝总管6例(11.5%)，胆总管6例(11.5%)，左右肝管汇合部4例(7.7%)，左、右肝管各1例(共3.8%)。胆管完全性损伤30例(57.7%)，部分性损伤22例(42.3%)。所有病例均行手术处理。术中立即发现8例，采用直接修补或对端吻合、T管支撑引流术5例，直接置合适T管引流1例，肝总管与空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术1例，效果均满意；另1例行胆总管十二指肠吻合术，3年后因吻合口狭窄再次行肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治愈。术后发现的44例，行肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术31例，肝总管与十二指肠吻合8例，胆总管置管引流2例，胆总管缺损用空肠瓣修补术1例，肝内胆管与空肠Longmire吻合术1例，拆除胆总管前后壁之间缝线1例。全组死亡4例，生存48例中41例获随访，疗效优良率为82.9%，疗效差的7例分别于术后2个月至5年再次作胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治愈。结论:要警惕医源性胆道损伤的发生，及早诊断、及早修复胆道的连续性是提高疗效的关键。手术方式根据损伤部位、类型、损伤后发现的时间具体决定，以胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的疗效最佳。     

复发性流产患者病因构成分析

背景　复发性流产（RSA）发病率呈逐年上升趋势，严重影响妇女身心健康，目前现代医学对RSA的病因和发病机制尚未完全明确。目的　了解RSA病因的分布情况，以及流产孕周与流产次数和RSA病因之间的关系。方法　选取2018年在新疆医科大学第二附属医院确诊为RSA的患者198例，收集患者的一般资料包括年龄、自然流产次数、流产孕周，并筛查患者的病因：染色体异常、生殖道解剖结构异常、内分泌系统异常、生殖道感染、自身免疫异常等，并对这些资料进行回顾性分析。根据患者的流产孕周，分为早期RSA组（<12周）（155例）和晚期RSA组（≥12周）（43例）；根据流产次数分为2次组（123例）和≥3次组（75例）。分析RSA患者各病因所占比例，以及RSA病因在不同流产孕周组和不同流产次数组间的差异。结果　198例RSA患者，染色体异常9例（4.55%），生殖道解剖结构异常11例（5.56%），内分泌系统异常36例（18.18%），生殖道感染14例（7.07%），自身免疫异常30例（15.15%），不明病因98例（49.49%）。晚期RSA组患者生殖道解剖结构异常发生率大于早期RSA组，不明病因发生率低于早期RSA组（P<0.05）；早期RSA组与晚期RSA组患者染色体异常、内分泌系统异常、生殖道感染、自身免疫异常发生率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。流产次数2次组和流产次数≥3次组患者染色体异常、生殖道解剖结构异常、内分泌系统异常、生殖道感染、自身免疫异常、不明病因发生率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　导致RSA的病因有多种，包括染色体异常、生殖道解剖结构异常、内分泌系统异常、生殖道感染、自身免疫异常及不明病因等多种因素，其中不明病因的RSA占多数；生殖道解剖结构异常对妊娠晚期的影响大于妊娠早期。     

TRIP13通过Wnt/βcatenin信号通路促进非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖与侵袭

目的 探讨甲状腺激素受体因子（TRIP13）在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中的表达及其相关作用机制。方法 通过免疫组化法对比105例NSCLC组织与癌旁肺组织中TRIP13的表达差异,分析其表达与临床病理特征的关系。利用脂质体瞬时转染技术将si-TRIP13转染入人肺癌细胞系H1299,并将转染si-TRIP131与si TRIP13-2的细胞设为实验组,转染siRNA对照组的细胞设为阴性对照组（si-NC）组,未经任何处理的H1299细胞设为正常对照组。利用RT PCR与Western blot法检测siRNA转染效果;利用MTT、Transwell检测实验组与阴性对照组的细胞增殖与侵袭能力,最后利用Western blot检测实验组与阴性对照组细胞内Wnt/βcatenin信号通路关键蛋白β catenin及其下游相关靶蛋白cyclin D1和survivin的表达水平。结果 与癌旁肺组织相比,TRIP13在NSCLC组织中表达明显增高,且TRIP13阳性表达率与肿瘤分化程度、有无淋巴结转移及TNM分期有显著相关性（均P＜0.05）; 肺癌细胞系H1299在转染siRNA后,实验组细胞中TRIP13的mRNA与蛋白表达显著低于阴性对照组与正常对照组（P＜0.05）;与阴性对照组相比,实验组细胞的增殖、侵袭能力均显著降低,且Wnt/βcatenin信号通路中的β catenin、cyclin D1、survivin蛋白表达水平亦明显下降（均P＜0.05）。结论 TRIP13可能通过Wnt/β catenin信号通路调控NSCLC细胞的增殖、侵袭能力,从而促进NSCLC的发生、发展。     

MRI 评价抗肿瘤中药康莱特注射液疗效的实验研究

目的 评价功能MRI 是否能反映肿瘤血管在抗肿瘤治疗前后的变化,并获得MRI 相关半定量及定量参数。方法 复制结肠癌无胸腺雄性裸鼠BALB/c-nu 皮下移植瘤模型,共20 只,用中药康莱特注射液对裸鼠进行治疗,监测移植瘤的微血管密度（MVD）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）等参数,评价疗效和MRI 监测结果。应用磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）扫描,结合药代动力学模型,获得反映肿瘤细胞代谢和微血管通透性的各项半定量及定量参数,评估抗肿瘤治疗的早期疗效;根据药物的体外实验结果选择不同的观测点,分别随机处死一半的载瘤裸鼠,进行免疫组织化学染色。将病理免疫组织化学染色结果与MRI 相关半定量及定量参数进行相关性分析。结果 中药康莱特注射液作用下的人结肠癌HT-29细胞增殖率下降,比对照组降低33.113%（P <0.05）;比对照组HT-29 细胞的凋亡率升高28.243%（P <0.05）。表观弥散系数（ADC）ADCperf 值、ADC3b 及ADC10b 与MVD 呈正相关（P <0.05）。结论 结肠癌裸鼠使用中药康莱特注射液治疗前后,各时期DWI 检测获得的定量参数与免疫组织化学法结果有相关性。     

Prognostic factors associated with the course of vitreomacular traction in eyes with age-related macular degeneration

Clinical relevanceVitreomacular traction(VMT) is a clinical syndrome that can cause decreased vision and may affect the treatment response in cases of age-related macular degeneration(AMD). Factors affecting the course of VMT in AMD cases will guide the clinician in terms of patient management.BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of VMT in patients with AMD, to evaluate the natural course of VMT, and to investigate factors associated with the prognosis of VMT in eyes with AMD.MethodsThis retrospective case series was conducted with 55 eyes of 46 patients who were diagnosed as having AMD accompanying with VMT. Demographic data, complete ophthalmologic examination findings, type of AMD, receiving an intravitreal injection(IVI), number of IVIs, and the presence of complete spontaneous release were obtained from the medical records of the patients. The horizontal length of VMT(HLVMT), central macular thickness(CMT), the horizontal length of choroidal neovascularization(HLCNV) were evaluated from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) images.ResultsSpontaneous release was observed in 7(28%) eyes of the exudative AMD group and 10(33.3%) eyes of the nonexudative AMD group. On the last visit, the HLVMT was increased in 22(40%) of the eyes and a decrease in HLVMT was observed in 8(14.5%) of the eyes. In the remaining 12(21.8%) eyes had unchanged HLVMT. In all eyes with CNV, the area of VMT corresponded in 100% with localization of the CNV complex. No significant difference was found between the eyes with spontaneous release and persistent traction in terms of the type of AMD, IVI, HLVMT, age, gender, and crystalline lens status.ConclusionIn this study, VMT was observed at higher rates in eyes with exudative AMD compared to the eyes with nonexudative AMD. However, spontaneous release rates were found close to those with idiopathic VMT independently of the type of AMD, HLVMT, and IVI.