缺血性卒中相关性肺炎危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨缺血性卒中相关性肺炎的危险因素。方法 回顾性纳入2018年1月—2020年12月期间唐山市协和医院神经内科住院的急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke, AIS)患者,收集人口统计学及临床资料。根据是否发生卒中相关性肺炎(stroke - associated pneumonia, SAP)分为非SAP组和SAP组,比较两组的各项临床资料,并采用多因素logistic回归分析SAP的独立影响因素。结果 共纳入721例患者,平均年龄(65.63±12.07)岁;SAP组年龄、入院美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)评分,冠心病、心房颤动、卒中史、吞咽障碍和入院格拉斯哥昏迷评分≤10分的比例、同型半胱氨酸、纤维蛋白原和白细胞计数均高于非SAP组,而SAP组入院舒张压、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、白蛋白、白蛋白与球蛋白比值、血红蛋白和红细胞计数均低于非SAP组,差异均有统计学意义;多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄增高(OR = 1.055,95%CI:1.009～1.103)、入院NIHSS评分增加(OR = 1.290,95%CI:1.154～1.444)、白细胞计数升高(OR = 1.267,95%CI:1.101～1.457)是SAP发生的危险因素。结论 缺血性卒中相关性肺炎与高龄、入院NIHSS评分增加和白细胞计数升高相关。     

腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术中非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合的效果观察

目的:探讨非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合在腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术中应用的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年5月至2019年10月唐山市协和医院53例经手术治疗的远端胃癌患者的临床资料,手术方式为腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术,吻合方式为非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合29例(非离断组)和Roux-en-Y吻合24例(传统组),...     

Protective effect of gastrodin on bile duct ligation-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats

Gastrodin has been showed to possess many beneficial physiological functions, including protection against inflammation and oxidation and apoptosis. Studies showed inflammation and oxidation play important roles in producing liver damage and initiating hepatic fibrogenesis. However, it has not been reported whether gastrodin has a protective effect against hepatic fibrosis or not. This is first ever made attempts to test gastrodin against liver fibrosis in bile duct ligation (BDL) rats. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of gastrodin on BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. BDL rats were divided into two groups, BDL alone group, and BDL-gastrodin group treated with gastrodin (5 mg/ml in drinking water). The effects of gastrodin on BDL-induced hepatic injury and fibrosis in rats were estimated by assessing serum, urine, bile and liver tissue biochemistry followed by liver histopathology (using hematoxylin & eosin and sirius red stain) and hydroxyproline content measurement. The results showed that gastrodin treatment significantly reduced collagen content, bile duct proliferation and parenchymal necrosis after BDL. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased with gastrodin treatment by 15.1 and 23.6 percent respectively in comparison to BDL group did not receive gastrodin. Gastrodin also significantly increased the level of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) by 62.5 percent and down-regulated the elevated urine total bilirubin (TBIL) by 56.5 percent, but had no effect on total bile acid (TBA) in serum, bile and liver tissues. The immunohistochemical assay showed gastrodin remarkably reduced the expressions of CD68 and NF-κB in BDL rats. Hepatic SOD levels, depressed by BDL, were also increased by gastrodin by 8.4 percent. In addition, the increases of hepatic MDA and NO levels in BDL rats were attenuated by gastrodin by 31.3 and 38.7 percent separately. Our results indicate that gastrodin significantly attenuated the severity of BDL-induced hepatic injury and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. Taken together, these findings suggest that gastrodin might be an effective antifibrotic drug in cholestatic liver disease.     

Consensus report of the joint workshop of the Italian Society of Diabetology,Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology,Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (SID-SIdP-AMD)

Periodontitis has been defined as the Sixth complication of Diabetes Mellitus. Since both diabetes mellitus and periodontitis have a high prevalence in the general population, the Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology and the Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists revised the present scientific literature in the present consensus report.A bi-directional interaction was demonstrated: Patients affected by type 1 and type 2 diabetes have a higher prevalence of periodontitis than the general population, due to several metabolic factors (e.g. chronic hyperglycemia, autoimmunity, dietary and life-style factors); similarly, periodontitis predisposes to type 2 diabetes mellitus mainly via the increase of systemic cytokines release. Conversely, improvement of metabolic control of diabetic patients delay the progression of periodontitis as well as periodontitis treatment reduces glycosylated hemoglobin levels in blood.Due to the bi-directional causal interaction between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus, a strict collaboration among dentists and diabetologists is required and strongly recommended. The inter-societies consensus proposes specific flow-diagrams to improve the treatment of patients and management of the general population regarding the issue of periodontitis and diabetes.     

Hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma

AIM: To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, immunophenotype and TCR gene rearrangements of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in eight Chinese patients. METHODS: Eight Chinese patients with hepatosplenic 76 T-cell lymphomas were studied. Hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides and clinical histories were reviewed. We also carried out immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD43, CD56, CD79a, UCHL-1, and TCR γδ. Rearrangements of TCR gamma and delta chain genes were also studied. RESULTS: The spleens were enlarged and the cut surfaces were homogeneous and red-purple in color without identifiable gross lesions or enlarged hilar lymph nodes. Histologically, lymphoma cells infiltrated the cords of Billroth and often packed the sinuses. Liver biopsy showed lymphoma cell infiltrations in the sinusoids, and three cases showed involvements of the portal tracts. Immunohistochemically lymphoma cells were positive for CD3, CD43, and CD56 in all cases. Four of eight cases were positive for CD8, and all cases were negative for CD4 (6/6). Monoclonal rearrangements of TCR y gene were demonstrated by PCR analysis in five out of the eight cases. TCR δ gene rearrangements were detected in six out of the eight cases, which demonstrated single bands on PAGE gel, and the amplification products in two cases were confirmed by sequencing. CONCLUSION: The clinicopathology of hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma in Chinese patients is similar to what was previously reported except that the splenomegaly is not so massive, and CD8 is positive.     

拔牙位点保留后骨胶原联合自体软组织瓣植入对前牙拔牙后美学满意度的影响

目的:探讨拔牙位点保留后骨胶原联合自体软组织瓣植入对前牙拔牙后美学满意度的影响。方法:选择2018年1月-2019年7月笔者医院就诊的84例有前牙拔除需求的患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为42例对照组(Bio-Oss Collagen植入),42例观察组(Bio-Oss Collagen+自体软组织瓣植入)。比较两组患者术后拔牙位点愈合情况及两组患者术前、术后6个月牙槽骨高度、牙槽骨宽度,记录两组患者术前、术后6个月牙槽骨密度、垂直向骨吸收量、唇腭向骨吸收量,术后美学效果、满意度,随访1年,观察植后种植体周围骨高度、宽度吸收情况。结果:术后2周拆线,观察组可见拔牙位点愈合良好,无感染、坏死情况,硬腭带蒂结缔组织移植的成活率为100%,对照组拔牙位点愈合良好,但牙槽嵴呈现不同程度的萎缩。两组患者术前牙槽骨宽度、高度、密度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月,两组牙槽骨宽度、高度、密度均低于术前,观察组牙槽骨高度、密度、宽度均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月,观察组垂直向骨吸收量、唇腭向骨吸收量均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月,观察组美学效果、满意度评分较对照组高,随访1年,观察组种植体周围骨吸收低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:骨胶原联合自体软组织瓣植入可减缓拔牙后牙槽骨高度、宽度及骨密度的下降,在保留骨量方面具有一定的临床价值,能够有效改善患者牙槽美学效果。     

黄连素对子宫肌瘤大鼠模型血液黏度、子宫系数、平滑肌厚度和炎性细胞浸润的影响

目的分析黄连素对子宫肌瘤大鼠模型血液黏度、子宫系数、平滑肌厚度和炎性细胞浸润的影响。方法取32只成年SPF级SD大鼠,随机分为对照组、模型组、低剂量黄连素组、高剂量黄连素组,每组各8只。除对照组外,其余三组均给予苯甲酸雌二醇注射液+黄体酮注射液肌内注射建立子宫肌瘤模型。对照组和模型组均给予等量生理盐水,低剂量黄连素组采用黄连素10 mg/kg进行灌胃,高剂量黄连素组采用黄连素20 mg/kg进行灌胃。比较各组大鼠血液黏度、血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)、α干扰素(INF-α)、子宫重量、子宫系数和平滑肌厚度,经病理学染色观察各组大鼠子宫形态学状况。结果模型组大鼠红细胞聚集指数、血浆黏度、全血黏度均明显高于对照组,低剂量黄连素组、高剂量黄连素组大鼠红细胞聚集指数、血浆黏度、全血黏度均明显低于模型组(P<0.05)。相比对照组,模型组大鼠血清TNF-α和IL-6水平显著增高,INF-α水平显著降低(P<0.01);低剂量黄连素组和高剂量黄连素组血清TNF-α和IL-6水平均明显低于模型组,INF-α水平均明显高于模型组(P<0.01)。模型组大鼠子宫重量、子宫系数和平滑肌厚度较对照组均明显增加,低剂量黄连素组和高剂量黄连素组大鼠子宫重量、子宫系数和平滑肌厚度较模型组均明显下降(P<0.05)。相比对照组,模型组、低剂量黄连素组和高剂量黄连素组出现不同程度的炎性细胞浸润,其中高剂量黄连素组的炎症程度较轻。结论黄连素对子宫肌瘤模型大鼠具有良好的治疗效果,能降低其血液黏度、子宫系数、平滑肌厚度和炎性细胞浸润程度,作用机制可能在于黄连素具有改善大鼠体内炎性因子水平的效果。     

结直肠癌疾病自然史模型研究的系统综述:体系分类、参数分析及推荐构建我国人群特异性模型

目的 系统了解全球结直肠癌疾病自然史模型研究,为构建我国人群结直肠癌疾病自然史模型及开展相关干预方案提供参考。方法 检索PubMed 1995-2015年结直肠癌自然史模型研究,摘录汇总癌前病变及癌症分期的分类系统及对应转归概率,指标主要为1年进展或消退概率的中位数（M）值。结果 最终纳入24篇文献,其中多数（22篇）采用马尔可夫模型。腺瘤分类系统包括按风险高低（9篇）和腺瘤大小（13篇,细化为两种）。（1）基于风险分类系统的研究显示,从健康发展为低风险腺瘤其1年概率的M=0.016 0（0.002 2~0.020 0）,低风险进展为高风险腺瘤和高风险进展为结直肠癌概率的M值分别为0.020（0.002~0.177）和0.044（0.005~0.063）。（2）7篇以腺瘤10 mm为界的模型文献提示,由“健康”发展为<10 mm腺瘤的1年概率M=0.016 7（0.015 0~0.037 0）,<10 mm腺瘤发展为≥10 mm的概率M=0.020（0.015~0.035）。（3）6篇以腺瘤≤5、6~9及≥10 mm（微小、小及大）为分界的文献中,由“健康”发展为微小腺瘤概率的M=0.013（0.009~0.019）,微小腺瘤成为小腺瘤和小腺瘤成为大腺瘤概率的M值分别为0.043（0.020~0.085）和0.044（0.020~0.125）。结直肠癌分期系统主要包括癌灶范围分类（LRD,10篇）和Dukes’分期（7篇）,TNM分期研究仅3篇,其参数更有限。个别文献提供了“锯齿状腺瘤路径”及其参数。结论 目前全球结直肠癌疾病自然史模型研究文献有限,且多将“腺瘤”设置为癌前病变类型,而按“腺瘤风险”的分类与我国临床及大型癌症筛查项目一致,文献常见的癌症分期系统较难与我国主要使用的TNM系统数据对接,后期参数确定还需结合结直肠癌其他分期系统进行转换。