Incidence,risk factors and clinical implications of postoperative urinary tract infection in geriatric hip fractures

IntroductionPostoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in geriatric patients; however, little is known about the impact of UTI in orthopedic trauma. The present study was designed to determine the risk factors and clinical impact of postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) in acute geriatric hip fractures.Patients and methodsGeriatric patients (≥65 years of age) undergoing hip fracture surgery were identified within the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program between 2016 and 2019. Patients presenting with UTI at the time of surgery were excluded. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients with and without postoperative UTI. Multivariate logistic regression was performed, controlling for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 46,263 patients included in the study. Overall, 1,397 (3.02%) patients had postoperative UTI. Patients who developed postoperative UTI had higher rates of pneumonia (6.44% vs. 3.76%, p < 0.001), DVT (2.22% vs. 1.04%, p < 0.001), sepsis (7.73% vs. 0.62%, p < 0.001), and more frequently experienced postoperative hospital lengths of stay exceeding 6 days (37.94% vs. 20.33%, p < 0.001). Hospital readmission occurred more frequently in patients with postoperative UTI (24.55% vs. 7.85%, p < 0.001), but surprisingly, these patients had a lower mortality rate (1.36% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001). Adjusted analysis demonstrated the following variables associated with postoperative UTI: age ≥ 85 (OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.08 - 1.73), ASA class ≥ 3 (OR = 1.59, 95%CI = 1.21 – 2.08,), chronic steroid use (OR = 1.451, 95%CI = 1.05 - 1.89), blood transfusion (OR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.05 - 1.48), and >2 days delay from admission to operation (OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.05 - 1.79). Postoperative UTI was significantly associated with sepsis (OR = 7.65, 95%CI = 5.72 – 10.21), postoperative length of stay >2 days (OR = 1.83, 95%CI = 1.07 – 3.13), and readmission (OR = 3, 95%CI = 2.54 – 3.55).ConclusionsIn our study, postoperative UTI was found in 3% of geriatric hip fracture patients. Predictors of postoperative UTI were age ≥ 85, ASA class ≥ 3, chronic steroid use, blood transfusion, and time to operation > 2 days from admission. Results showed that postoperative UTI is independently associated with sepsis, postoperative length of stay beyond 2 days, and hospital readmission. To diminish the risk of UTI and its consequences, we recommend operating geriatric hip fractures in 24–48 hours after admission.     

德尔菲法构建学生传染病症状监测质量控制和预警效果评价指标体系

目的 构建学生传染病症状监测质量控制和预警效果评价指标体系,为指导学生传染病症状监测预警工作提供科学依据。方法 在文献查阅基础上,通过两轮德尔菲法专家咨询筛选学生传染病症状监测质量控制和预警效果评价指标,并通过层次分析法和专家评分法确立指标权重,构建指标体系。结果 32位专家两轮咨询的专家积极系数分别为87.5%(28/32)和100.0%(28/28),专家平均权威系数(Cr)为0.792,第二轮咨询专家协调系数为0.245(χ²=459.416,P<0.001),经指标筛选,形成由6项一级指标、19项二级指标和43项三级指标构成的学生传染病症状监测质量控制和预警效果评价指标体系。6项一级指标权重从高到低依次为信息质量(0.2281)、学校管理(0.2123)、疾控管理(0.1927)、预警信息管理(0.1450)、系统维护(0.2)和预警效果评价(0.1108)。结论 本研究建立了学生传染病症状监测质量控制和预警效果评价指标体系,本体系专家积极程度和权威程度较高,意见趋于一致,可为国内学生传染病症状监测工作提供参考。     

西安市134例百日咳疑似病例不同标本百日咳鲍特菌检测阳性率比较

目的比较百日咳疑似病例鼻、咽和鼻咽拭子标本百日咳鲍特菌(Bordetella pertussis,Bp)检测阳性率。方法选择西安市两家医院2018年1-7月134例百日咳疑似病例,同时采集鼻、咽和鼻咽拭子标本,进行Bp分离培养和实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应核酸检测。结果百日咳疑似病例的Bp检测总阳性率为44.78%(60/134),其中鼻、咽、鼻咽拭子阳性率分别为36.57%、32.09%、39.55%(χ²=1.64,P=0.440);发病后0-7d、8-14d、15-21d、22-28d、29d采样的阳性率分别为23.33%、64.52%、63.89%、42.86%、23.33%(χ²=22.13,P=0.000)。鼻、咽、鼻咽拭子Bp核酸检测阳性率分别为36.57%、32.09%、39.55%(χ²=1.64,P=0.440);分离培养阳性率分别为0.00%、0.00%、4.59%(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.036)。在Bp核酸阳性病例中鼻和/或咽、鼻和/或鼻咽、咽和/或鼻咽拭子阳性分别占93.33%、91.67%、100%(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.080)。结论百日咳疑似病例鼻、咽和鼻咽拭子Bp检测总阳性率相当;核酸检测阳性率以鼻咽拭子最高,组合采样可提高Bp核酸检测阳性率;分离培养仍建议选择鼻咽拭子。     

西安市新型冠状病毒肺炎无症状感染者特征分析

目的 分析西安市新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)无症状感染者的特征,为更好地防控疫情提供参考依据。方法 收集疫情应急处置期间无症状感染者的现场流行病学调查资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 截至2020年5月10日,西安市共报告无症状感染者25例(男12例,女13例),中位年龄46.0(18.5,65.0)岁,占全市17.24%(25/145)。其中15例(60.00%)为确诊病例密切接触者,8例(32.00%)有湖北旅居史,2例(8.00%)为无症状感染者的密切接触者;23例(92.00%)经聚集性疫情传染源溯源和确诊病例/无症状感染者密切接触者排查发现,1例(4.00%)为协查外市确诊病例密切接触者发现,1例(4.00%)为筛查高危地区来陕人群发现。25例无症状感染者末次暴露到首次核酸检测阳性中位时间为17.0 d,集中医学观察开始至首次核酸检测阳性中位时间为8.0 d,首次核酸检测阳性至转阴出院中位时间为14.0 d。CT显示78.57%(11/14)无症状感染者肺部存在不同程度的小结节影、斑片状影、磨玻璃样影和边界欠清晰状况。结论 无症状感染者主要经聚集性疫情调查和确诊病例/无症状感染者密切接触者排查发现。及时全面排查密切接触者并对其进行集中医学观察,能减少其可能造成的疫情持续传播。肺部影像学特征性改变可作为早期排查的重要参考。     

医用间隙性气囊气圈设计与应用

为预防卧床病人发生压疮,病人在使用传统橡胶气圈时,气圈的圈部面积都在直接和皮肤接触,为了减少刺激,家属往往在橡胶气圈上包上毛巾或棉布,使病人臀部皮肤避免直接接触气圈橡胶,同时又不能随意调整橡胶气圈高度,且气圈因长时间充气垫在病人臀部,皮肤与气圈接触范围大,易引起接触部位红、痒、不舒服等病症。因此,为了使病人减少或减轻接触部位红、     

鱼金清解口服液质量标准研究

目的建立鱼金清解口服液的质量控制标准。方法采用TLC法对制剂中槲皮苷进行定性鉴别;采用GC法对制剂中芳樟醇进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC法对制剂中绿原酸进行定量测定;采用GC法对制剂中甲基正壬酮进行定量测定。结果 TLC法能检出鱼腥草中的槲皮苷;GC法能检出金银花中的芳樟醇;绿原酸在0.104～2.608μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=1.0000,平均回收率为100.3%,RSD=1.37%;甲基正壬酮在1.7932～71.728μg.ml-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=1.0000,平均回收率为102.4%,RSD为1.7%。结论本课题所建立的质量标准方法稳定、准确、重复性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

2006～2008年陕西省鼠疫健康教育及效果评估

目的提高陕西省鼠疫疫区干部、群众和医务人员鼠疫防治知识水平,评估近年来鼠疫健康教育活动的效果。方法调查县政府相关部门和重点乡（镇）开展鼠疫防治知识宣传教育活动情况,计算目标人群鼠疫临床、流行病学及预防、＂三不三报＂知识知晓率,健康教育效果评估采用笔试、问卷调查及访谈法,对148名接受过鼠疫防治知识宣传教育的目标人群,用选择题和简答题形式按教育内容设计测试题,测评人员根据掌握的情况自行答题并统一收回,统一评定。评分采用百分制,60分以上为合格。结果目标人群鼠疫临床、流行病学及预防、＂三不三报＂知识知晓率,干部为50.50%、63.69%和78.67%;村民为64.71%、87.91%和76.47%;医务人员为64.18%、68.51%和67.02%。鼠疫防治知识健康教育效果评估测试合格率分别为70.00%（35/50）、92.16%（47/51）和74.47%（35/47）。结论健康知识培训和宣传教育是必要的,可以强化干群健康意识,提高医务人员处置鼠疫突发疫情的能力。     

Differential ligand regulation of PlexB signaling in motor neuron axon guidance in Drosophila

Plexins (Plexs) are a large family of phylogenetically conserved guidance receptors that bind specifically to semaphorins (Semas), another large family of guidance molecules. In the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system (CNS), the secreted semaphorins Sema-2a and Sema-2b both act as ligands for PlexB, but mediate mutually independent and opposite functions (repulsive and attractive guidance, respectively). PlexB is also known to regulate motor axon guidance in the embryonic peripheral nervous system (PNS). However, it is unclear whether the mechanisms of ligand regulation of PlexB seen in the CNS are similar or the same as those that exist in PNS motor axon guidance. Here, we find that two distinct modes of ligand regulation underlie differential roles of PlexB in PNS motor axon pathfinding during embryonic development. Epistasis analyses in the intersegmental nerve b (ISNb) pathway suggest that PlexB serves as a receptor for both Sema-2a and Sema-2b and integrates their mutually dependent but opposite guidance functions. Furthermore, we present evidence that PlexB mediates not only Sema-2a/2b-dependent guidance functions, but also Sema-2a/2b-independent target recognition in establishing the segmental nerve a (SNa) motor axon pathway. These results demonstrate that a single guidance receptor can elicit diverse effects on the establishment of neuronal connectivity via regulation of its ligands themselves.     

陕西省某医院血液透析患者丙型肝炎病毒感染事件调查

通过个案流行病学调查、现场勘查和实验室检测,对一起医院内血液透析患者丙型肝炎（丙肝）病毒感染暴发事件进行调查分析,为医院内丙肝感染预防与控制提供借鉴。 本起丙肝病毒感染事件共涉及78例血液透析患者,确诊39例丙肝患者;现场勘查发现该医院血液透析室存在未对乙型肝炎、丙肝患者实行隔离透析,多人共用肝素注射器,部分透析器复用消毒程序不规范等问题,是导致本次暴发的主要原因。