青岛市2012年室内场所烟草烟雾PM2.5检测分析

目的 了解山东省青岛市5类公共场所和工作场所室内烟草烟雾PM 2.5浓度,为青岛市控烟立法提供基线数据。方法 2012年6月-9月,随机选取餐馆、宾馆、政府机关、医院和学校室内共40家80个监测点、室外40个监测点,检测室内外空气PM 2.5浓度并进行分析。结果 青岛市各类场所室内PM 2.5均值为70.0μg/m³(9.1~228.0μg/m³)。学校PM 2.5浓度(51.2μg/m³)最低,餐馆PM 2.5最高(97.3μg/m³);餐馆和宾馆室内log PM 2.5分别为(1.93±0.60)和(1.86±0.51)μg/m³,均高于室外(P<0.05);医院、学校和政府机关室内外PM 2.5差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。餐馆和宾馆室内PM 2.5均高于其他场所(P<0.05);学校与医院室内PM 2.5比较有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论 餐馆和宾馆室内环境烟草烟雾污染较严重,创建无烟学校和无烟医院取得一定成果。     

某外企流动人口风疹疫情爆发的调查

目的描述与分析某外企流动人口的风疹疫情,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法运用描述流行病学的研究方法。结果该次疫情确定为风疹的爆发,共发病15例,罹患率为3.19%;血清学检测结果,15例患者中有12例风疹抗体IgM阳性,阳性率为80.0%,经过采取环境消毒与应急预防接种等措施有效地控制了疫情。结论流动人口是传染病爆发的高危人群,应该加强对流动人口的公共卫生学监测,采取综合措施以减少风疹疫情的发生。     

基于UHPLC-QE-MS分析结合网络药理学探讨小叶黄杨生物碱治疗阿尔茨海默病的作用机制

目的 鉴定小叶黄杨中生物碱类化学成分,探讨治疗阿尔茨海默病的物质基础和作用机制。方法 表征小叶黄杨生物碱成分,并利用PubChem、SwissADME、Swiss Target Prediction、Genecards和OMIM等数据库获取小叶黄杨生物碱的活性成分和对应靶点,以及阿尔茨海默病的相关靶点;运用Cytoscape3.9.0软件绘制“成分-靶点”网络图;运用String平台构建蛋白互作网络图;运用微生信在线绘图工具进行通路富集分析可视化;用AutodockTools-1.5.6软件对筛选出的核心成分做分子对接。结果 鉴定小叶黄杨生物碱成分23个,筛选有效成分19个,对应靶点216个;筛选阿尔茨海默病靶点880个,药物-疾病交集靶点49个;GO富集分析主要相关的生物过程有化学性突触传递,顺行跨突触信号,跨突触信号等;KEGG通路富集分析中神经活性配体-受体相互作用,5-羟色胺能突触,cAMP信号等为主要信号通路。分子对接显示筛选的核心靶点和核心成分均有较强结合力。结论 本研究初步证明了小叶黄杨生物碱成分可以多成分、多靶点、多通路共同作用治疗阿尔茨海默病,为进一步深入研究小叶黄杨生物碱对阿尔茨海默病作用的物质基础以及作用机制提供参考。     

2010～2012年青岛市部分高校学生艾滋病相关知识、行为调查

目的了解青岛市部分高校大学生对艾滋病(AIDS)认知、态度和行为情况,为今后在高校中针对性地开展预防AIDS健康教育工作提供依据。方法采取整体随机抽样法,2010～2012年,每年在对青岛市3所高校4个校区进行AIDS防治知识巡回宣传活动中,从每个校区抽取500名共2 000名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果 2010～2012年大学生AIDS基本知识的知晓率分别为86.94%、89.49%、92.56%(P<0.01);知识来源途径主要为网络、宣传资料分别占76.35%、69.52%;相关生活技能知识知晓率分别为81.11%、84.48%、88.18%(P<0.01)。结论青岛市部分高校大部分大学生对AIDS基本知识掌握较好,但对自身如何预防AIDS认识不够全面。     

Prevalence of SFTSV among Asian House Shrews and Rodents,China, January–August 2013

To evaluate the role of small mammals as hosts of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), we tested serum samples from rodents and shrews in China, collected in 2013. SFTSV antibodies and RNA were detected, suggesting that rodents and shrews might be hosts for SFTSV.     

中国1995－2012年双生子出生体重变化趋势分析

目的 描述分析中国双生子出生体重变化趋势。方法 使用中国双生子登记系统在中国8个省份收集的1995-2012年出生的双生子人群(共10 827对),采用病例回顾方法分析出生体重各指标情况和变化趋势。结果 调整性别、卵型、出生地区后,出生年份每推迟5年,双生子出生体重平均值降低0.01 kg(P=0.041).随着时间变化,双生子优势方出生体重、劣势方出生体重均不同程度地降低,出生体重相对差与出生体重不一致率在2007年以后有升高趋势。结论 1995-2012年中国双生子出生体重呈下降趋势,出生体重不一致率逐渐上升。考虑到出生体重不一致与某些不良健康结局的风险存在关联,应对双生子出生体重不一致予以重视。     

The frequency of early-activated hapten-specific B cell subsets predicts the efficacy of vaccines for nicotine dependence

Therapeutic vaccines for nicotine addiction show pre-clinical efficacy. Yet, clinical evaluation of the first-generation nicotine vaccines did not meet expectations because only a subset of immunized subjects achieved effective serum antibody levels. Recent studies suggest that vaccine design affects B cell activation, and that the frequency of the hapten-specific B cell subsets contributes to vaccine efficacy against drugs of abuse. To extend this hypothesis to nicotine immunogens, we synthesized a novel hapten containing a carboxymethylureido group at the 2-position of the nicotine structure (2CMUNic) and compared its efficacy to the previously characterized 6CMUNic hapten. Haptens were conjugated to the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) carrier protein, and evaluated for efficacy against nicotine in mice using the clinically approved alum adjuvant. Using a novel fluorescent antigen-based magnetic enrichment strategy paired with multicolor flow cytometry analysis, polyclonal hapten-specific B cell subsets were measured in mice immunized with either 6CMUNic-KLH or 2CMUNic-KLH. The 6CMUNic-KLH showed significantly greater efficacy than 2CMUNic-KLH on nicotine distribution to serum and to the brain. The 6CMUNic-KLH elicited higher anti-nicotine serum antibody titers, and greater expansion of hapten-specific B cells than 2CMUNic-KLH. Within the splenic polyclonal B cell population, a higher number of hapten-specific IgM^high and germinal centre B cells predicted greater vaccine efficacy against nicotine distribution. These early pre-clinical findings suggest that hapten structure affects activation of B cells, and that variations in the frequency of early-activated hapten-specific B cell subsets underlie individual differences in vaccine efficacy.     

Relation of genetic polymorphisms in microRNAs with diastolic and systolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background and aimsType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has high risk of developing cardiac dysfunction, increasing of either cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure. MicroRNAs (miRNA) affect cardiac function of T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between five miRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and diastolic and systolic function of T2DM.Methods and resultsThree hundred untreated T2DM subjects were included. Each subject underwent SNP genotyping, conventional echocardiography, tissue doppler imaging, and speckle tracking imaging. The effects of miRNA SNPs on diastolic and systolic function were evaluated. The diastolic function of T2DM subjects with miR-133a-1-rs8089787 wild genotype or let-7f-rs10877887 variant genotype was lower than those with miR-133a-1-rs8089787 variant genotype or let-7f-rs10877887 wild genotype, manifesting as higher left atrial volume index, lower mean E′, and higher E/E’ (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects of miR-133a-2-rs13040413, let-7a-1-rs13293512 and miR-27a-rs895819 on the diastolic function of T2DM subjects (P > 0.05). These five miRNA SNPs had no effect on the systolic function of T2DM subjects (P > 0.05).ConclusionsMiRNA-133a-1-rs8089787 and let-7f-rs10877887 were associated with impaired cardiac diastolic function in T2DM. The findings may be a promising therapeutic targets for preventing diastolic dysfunction in T2DM.