5-FU超声雾化吸入联合放化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

探讨 5 FU超声雾化吸入联合放疗及全身化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)的疗效 ,探讨一种新的非手术综合治疗方案。60例非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为两个组。研究组采用 5 FU超声雾化吸入联合常规放疗及以顺铂为主的全身化疗 2个周期 ,对照组采用常规放疗及全身化疗。结果示研究组和对照组的总有效率分别为 86 67%(2 6/3 0 )和 63 3 3 % (19/3 0 ) ,χ2 =4 3 5 6,P <0 0 5。 1、2、3年生存率研究组为 79 89%、5 6 2 6%和 3 0 3 9% ;对照组分别为 5 1 5 7%、3 4 81%和 11 60 % ,χ2 =4 42 1,P <0 0 5。两组的毒副反应差别无统计学意义 ,P >0 0 5。 5 FU超声雾化吸入联合放疗和以顺铂为主的全身化疗提高了NSCLC的 1、2、3年生存率 ,毒副反应可耐受 ,是一种有效的非手术综合治疗方案。     

颌面部动静脉畸形的临床分型与治疗

目的探讨颌面部动静脉畸形(arteriovenous malformation,AVM)的临床分型与治疗方法。方法106例颌面部AVM患者根据病变表现特点分为四种类型,其中囊状扩张型38例,局限增厚型22例,弥漫增厚型42例,颌骨中心型4例。106例患者分别采用手术治疗8例(Ⅰ组),单纯供血动脉栓塞23例(Ⅱ组),供血动脉栓塞加瘤内硬化剂注射37例(Ⅲ组),供血动脉栓塞加瘤体切除38例(Ⅳ组)。结果全组病例随访1-11年,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的治愈率分别为62．50％、17．39％、89．19％、97．37％。1例患者栓塞治疗时并发脑异位栓塞死亡。结论新的临床分型有利于治疗方法的选择。优良的数字减影血管造影是颌面部AVM必不可少的决定性检查。单纯供血动脉栓塞仅能治愈单支终末供血的局限性病变,而多支动脉供血的病变单纯栓塞后容易复发。供血动脉栓塞加瘤内硬化剂注射或供血动脉栓塞加病变切除是颌面部AVM的有效治疗方法。     

人参多糖注射液联合表柔比星治疗乳腺癌的临床研究

目的探讨人参多糖注射液联合表柔比星治疗乳腺癌的临床疗效。方法选取2016年2月—2017年2月在临沂市肿瘤医院治疗的乳腺癌患者78例,根据治疗用药的差别分为对照组(39例)和治疗组(39例)。对照组静脉滴注注射用盐酸表柔比星,每个疗程第1天给予90 mg/m2,1次/3周;治疗组在对照组基础上静脉滴注人参多糖注射液,4 m L/次,2次/d。两组均治疗6周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者肿瘤标志物水平、血清细胞因子水平和不良反应情况。结果治疗后,对照组客观缓解率(ORR)和临床获益率(CBR)分别为35.90%和69.23%,均分别明显低于治疗组的58.97%和87.18%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清糖抗原125(CA125)、糖抗原153(CA153)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、可溶性CD105(S-CD105)和转化生子因子-β1(TGF-β1)水平均显著降低(P0.05),干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素-12(IL-12)水平显著升高(P0.05),且治疗组上述肿瘤标志物和细胞因子水平明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗期间,治疗组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论人参多糖注射液联合表柔比星治疗乳腺癌可有效降低机体肿瘤标志物水平和改善机体细胞因子表达水平,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

一碳代谢相关营养素与肿瘤关系

代谢紊乱被认为是所有肿瘤细胞的基本特征,细胞代谢相关调控基因已逐渐成为肿瘤诊断和治疗的靶点。一碳代谢是细胞普遍存在的代谢过程,主要负责机体生物合成、氨基酸稳态、表观遗传维持、细胞营养状态调节等,其重要代谢途径叶酸循环和蛋氨酸循环与肿瘤的预防及发生、发展密切相关。叶酸循环的核心是叶酸及其衍生物的相互转化,一方面被证实可以有效降低肿瘤发生风险;而另一方面,如果癌前病变已经形成,叶酸循环提供的DNA前体物可能会为癌细胞的生长提供原料,从而加速肿瘤的发生。此外,在该循环中丝氨酸生物合成途径的异常激活也是肿瘤发病机制的重要过程之一。研究发现,其代谢过程中所需的酶与肿瘤密切相关,并有望成为肿瘤预防和治疗的关键靶标。在该循环中还涉及多种辅酶,如维生素B₁₂及维生素B₆,其与肿瘤的发生、发展也密切相关。甲基供体在表观遗传学和代谢途径中发挥着举足轻重的作用,被认为是预防和治疗肿瘤最具前景的靶标之一。在蛋氨酸循环途径中,S-腺苷蛋氨酸水平的升高、胆碱与甜菜碱的缺乏均会影响DNA甲基化,从而增加肿瘤风险。本研究将简要综述一碳代谢与肿瘤的关系,阐明一碳代谢指标对肿瘤...     

Maintenance Therapy for Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma After Total Skin Electron Irradiation: Evidence for Improved Overall Survival With Ultraviolet Therapy

BackgroundTreatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) with total skin electron beam (TSEB) therapy has been associated with deep responses but short progression-free intervals. Maintenance therapy might prolong the response duration; however, limited data assessing the outcomes with maintenance therapy after TSEB are available. We evaluated the effect of maintenance therapy on the outcomes for patients with CTCL receiving TSEB therapy.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of 101 patients with CTCL who had received TSEB therapy from 1998 to 2018 at the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University and compared the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients had received maintenance therapy, including retinoids, interferon, ultraviolet therapy, nitrogen mustard, and extracorporeal photopheresis compared with those who had not.ResultsWe found that pooled maintenance therapies improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; P = .026) but not OS (median HR, 0.73; P = .264). The median PFS and OS was 7.2 months versus 9.6 months and 2.4 years versus 4.2 years for the no maintenance and maintenance groups, respectively. On exploratory analysis of the individual regimens, ultraviolet therapy was associated with improved OS (HR, 0.21; P = .034) and PFS (HR, 0.26; P = .002) compared with no maintenance.ConclusionAmong the patients with CTCL who had received TSEB therapy, maintenance therapy improved PFS for all patients, and ultraviolet-based maintenance improved both PFS and OS in a subset of patients.     

Entinostat,a class Ⅰ selective histone deacetylase inhibitor,plus exemestane for Chinese patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer: A multicenter,randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled,phase 3 trial

Entinostat plus exemestane in hormone receptor-positive(HR+) advanced breast cancer(ABC) previously showed encouraging outcomes. This multicenter phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of entinostat plus exemestane in Chinese patients with HR + ABC that relapsed/progressed after ≥1 endocrine therapy. Patients were randomized(2:1) to oral exemestane 25 mg/day plus entinostat(n = 235) or placebo(n = 119) 5 mg/week in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was the independent radiographic com...     

基于Bevilacqua模型的乳腺癌保乳术患者术后淋巴水肿风险预测的临床研究

目的验证Bevilacqua乳腺癌术后淋巴水肿风险预测模型的临床适用性及可行性。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年12月203例乳腺癌患者临床资料,临床数据分析使用统计学软件SPSS 24.0。Cox回归模型分析乳腺癌患者术后发生上肢淋巴水肿的危险因素,以P<0.05为有统计学意义;绘制ROC曲线,以曲线下面积检验模型预测效果;应用Hosmere-Lemeshow检验评估预测值与实际值的校准程度,以P>0.05为预测模型校准能力较好,预测与实际没有区别。结果所有患者随访共计62~86个月,中位随访时间70个月。术后5年内共发生上肢淋巴水肿患者45例(22.2%)。Cox回归模型分析结果显示,高身体质量指数(BMI)、接受过新辅助化疗、全腋窝淋巴结清扫、接受过放疗是上肢淋巴水肿的独立危险因素。Becilacqua上肢淋巴水肿风险预测模型ROC曲线分析结果显示,模型AUC值为0.711,95%CI(0.651~0.760),有较好的的预测效果。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果显示,风险预测模型预测风险与实际无明显差异(P=0.262),校准能力较好,与实际差别不大。结论Bevilacqua术后6个月淋巴水肿风险预测模型的准确性及适用性较高,可用于临床对乳腺癌保乳术后淋巴水肿的预测,可为预防淋巴水肿的发生制定干预决策提供参考。     

射频消融联合小剂量卡培他滨化疗治疗老年大肠癌术后肝转移的临床疗效分析

目的探讨射频消融术(RFA)联合小剂量卡培他滨治疗老年大肠癌术后肝转移的疗效及安全性。方法选择2010年1月至2015年7月收治的46例老年确诊为大肠癌术后肝转移患者,其中25例接受射频消融术联合卡培他滨治疗(联合治疗组),21例仅接受单药卡培他滨化疗(单纯化疗组),每日给药剂量为1 500 mg/m2,分2次口服,连用2周,3周为一周期。分别按照实体瘤的疗效评价标准(RECIST1.1)和三期增强CT评价化疗和RFA近期疗效,随访患者的远期生存情况并记录RFA并发症及化疗不良反应。结果联合治疗组获得完全缓解(CR)13例,部分缓解(PR)5例,稳定(SD)4例,进展(PD)3例,有效率(RR)和疾病控制率(DCR)分别为72.0%和88.0%;单纯化疗组获得CR 0例,PR 6例,SD 7例,PD 8例,RR和DCR分别为28.5%和61.9%。联合治疗组的RR和DCR均高于单纯化疗组,差异有统计学意义(c2=8.627、4.272,P=0.003、0.038);肝内1个病灶的RFA疗效优于2~5个,直径≤3 cm病灶的RFA疗效优于3~6 cm(P0.05)。联合治疗组的1、2、3年生存率依次为72.0%(18/25)、52.0%(13/25)和21.4%(7/25),均高于单纯化疗组的47.6%(10/21)、19.0%(4/21)和4.7%(1/21),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。RFA主要并发症为发热和局部疼痛,两组化疗不良反应相似,以骨髓抑制和消化道反应为主,差异无统计学意义。结论 RFA联合小剂量卡培他滨治疗老年大肠癌术后肝转移疗效确切,可有效控制肿瘤,延长患者生存期。     

Psychological counselling in patients with a peripheral facial palsy: initial experience from an expert centre

Background: The aims of this pilot study were to evaluate the psychologist's role on the multidisciplinary team during peripheral facial palsy (PFP) patient care and to identify the potential predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms/disorders in PFP patients.Methods: Using the prospective non-controlled study design, PFP patients aged 18–75 years who presented to the Radboud Facial Palsy Expert Centre, the Netherlands, were enrolled during a 1-year interval. The main outcome variables were 1) anxiety and depression in relation to PFP using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and 2) the outcome of psychological counselling in patients with a HADS score ≥ 8.Results: A sample comprised 25 patients (68% females, 56% right-side PFP, 16% House–Brackmann scale I–II) with a mean age of 50 ± 14 years were referred to a psychologist. The proportion of patients with a HADS score ≥8, were 16 (64%) and 13 (52%), respectively. Especially, coping (in general or coping with the disease, 48%) and/or help with the choice of possible surgery (8.0%) were important reasons for counselling. In one case, a patient had chronic fatigue syndrome and was therefore referred to a psychological specialist centre. One patient was treated with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with good results.Conclusions: Despite a small sample size and limited statistical analyses, the results of this study suggest that one-eighth of the PFP patients require psychological evaluation and treatments. This pilot study emphasises the important role of psychological screening and counselling in PFP patient care.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术及射频消融术联合调强放疗治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的疗效及预后因素分析

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术及射频消融术联合调强放疗治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的疗效,并分析相关预后因素.方法 回顾性分析63例原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓患者的临床资料,所有患者先行肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗1～3次,然后射频消融治疗肝内原发灶,最后采用调强放疗针对门静脉癌栓行外照射治疗.放疗结束后6～8周观察癌栓及肝内肿瘤的近期疗效,随访1、2、3年生存率观察远期疗效,对可能影响预后的因素进行分析.结果 近期疗效中门静脉癌栓完全缓解9例(15.0％),部分缓解36例(60.0％),稳定10例(16.7％),进展5例(8.3％),癌栓有效率为75.0％;肝脏原发肿瘤完全缓解19例(31.7％),部分缓解30例(50.0％),稳定6例(10.0％),进展5例(8.3％),肝内肿瘤有效率为81.6％.1、2、3年生存率分别为73.3％、45.0％、27.0％.美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)评分(x2=53.046,P=0.000)、肝炎病史(x2=6.472,P=0.030)、肿瘤大小(x2=7.293,P=0.026)、肿瘤数目(x2=24.382,P=0.000)、癌栓类型(x2=28.085,P=0.000)、肝功能Child-Pugh分级(x2=6.184,P=0.040)是影响患者远期疗效的危险因素.结论 肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合射频消融术治疗肝内原发肿瘤,调强放疗治疗门静脉癌栓疗效较好,不良反应低,肿瘤反应率高;ECOG评分、肝炎病史、肿瘤大小及数目、癌栓类型、肝功能分级是影响其长期疗效的影响因素.