胃泌素对大鼠胃粘膜环氧合酶及生长因子表达的影响

目的：探讨胃泌素对大鼠胃粘膜环氧合酶（COX）及生长因子表达的影响。方法：雄性SD大鼠皮下注射胃泌素1 μg/kg、10 μg/kg或100 μg/kg，Western blot和免疫组化检查胃粘膜COX-1、COX-2、肝细胞生长因子（HGF）和肝素结合表皮生长因子样生长因子（HB-EGF）表达。评价胃泌素受体拮抗剂YM022对COX-1、COX-2、HGF和HB-EGF表达的影响。结果：胃泌素剂量依赖性地增加大鼠胃粘膜COX-2和HB-EGF表达，而对COX-1和HGF表达无明显影响；YM022阻断胃泌素诱导的COX-2和HB-EGF表达。 结论： 胃泌素调节大鼠胃粘膜COX-2和HB-EGF蛋白表达，提示COX-2和HB-EGF参与与胃泌素相关联的胃粘膜增生和胃癌等的发病过程。     

Guidelines for the diagnosis,treatment, prevention and control of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli

The dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) is a global public health issue. CRGNB isolates are usually extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant, resulting in limited antimicrobial treatment options and high mortality. A multidisciplinary guideline development group covering clinical infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, clinical pharmacology, infection control, and guideline methodology experts jointly developed the present clinical practice guidelines based on best available scientific evidence to address the clinical issues regarding laboratory testing, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention of CRGNB infections. This guideline focuses on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA). Sixteen clinical questions were proposed from the perspective of current clinical practice and translated into research questions using PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes) format to collect and synthesize relevant evidence to inform corresponding recommendations. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence, benefit and risk profile of corresponding interventions and formulate recommendations or suggestions. Evidence extracted from systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was considered preferentially for treatment-related clinical questions. Observational studies, non-controlled studies, and expert opinions were considered as supplementary evidence in the absence of RCTs. The strength of recommendations was classified as strong or conditional (weak). The evidence informing recommendations derives from studies worldwide, while the implementation suggestions combined the Chinese experience. The target audience of this guideline is clinician and related professionals involved in management of infectious diseases.     

陈亦人教授运用芍药甘草汤的经验

芍药甘草汤具有养阴血、柔筋脉、舒挛缓急的功效，主治筋脉挛急之证。介绍陈亦人教授运用芍药甘草汤的经验，并附验案分析。     

垫状卷柏提取物诱导凋亡抗肿瘤作用研究

目的 研究垫状卷柏提取物抗肿瘤作用及相关机制。方法 采用皮下接种H22肝癌细胞株构建小鼠H22肝癌移植瘤模型,随机分为对照组（生理盐水）、5-FU组（30 mg/kg）、垫状卷柏提取物（SP）高、低剂量组（189、63 mg/kg）,连续灌胃15 d。观察小鼠肿瘤生长情况,计算抑瘤率及肝、脾、胸腺指数;TUNEL法观察肿瘤组织细胞凋亡,Western blot测定凋亡相关蛋白的表达,qPCR检测Bax mRNA和Bcl-2 mRNA。结果 与对照组比较,SP高、低剂量组小鼠体质量及肝、脾、胸腺指数均无显著差异;SP高、低剂量组小鼠的肿瘤质量均显著降低,呈现较高抑瘤率（P<0.01）,且高剂量组与5-FU组相近;经TUNEL染色法观察,可见明显凋亡形态改变。qPCR检测表明,SP显著上调Bax mRNA的表达,下调Bcl-2 mRNA的表达。Western blot结果显示SP处理后,Bax、cytochrome c及cleaved caspase-3,caspase-8和caspase-9的表达显著上调（P<0.01）,Bcl-2表达明显减弱,呈剂量依赖性。结论 SP有效抑制H22小鼠体内肿瘤生长,其机制与激活caspase诱导凋亡相关。      

中药延缓慢性肾脏病进展的机制

慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)进展的病理基础包括肾小球硬化、肾间质纤维化和肾动脉硬化,这些病理改变与足细胞及其相关膜蛋白结构或表达异常、尿蛋白肾毒性、肾素.血管紧张素-醛固酮系统活性增强、致纤维化细胞因子过度表达、肾小管上皮细胞表型转化,以及高脂血症、高血压等因素有关.中药可以改善影响肾小球硬化、肾间质纤维化和肾动脉硬化的增恶因素,从而,延缓CKD进展.     

菝葜皂苷元对胃癌细胞BGC-823生物行为学的影响

目的:探讨菝葜皂苷元体外对人胃癌细胞BGC-823增殖、侵袭、粘附的影响及其促进凋亡的作用。方法:采用MTT法、Transwell小室侵袭实验、粘附实验检测菝葜皂苷元对人胃癌细胞BGC-823增殖、粘附和侵袭能力的影响;AnnexinV/PI法检测BGC-823的凋亡。结果:①菝葜皂苷元有抑制人胃癌细胞BGC-823增殖的作用。②菝葜皂苷元作用胃癌细胞BGC-823后,细胞的粘附能力明显降低(P<0.01)。③菝葜皂苷元作用人胃癌细胞BGC-823后,侵袭的细胞数较对照组明显减少(P<0.01)。④菝葜皂苷元能诱导人胃癌细胞BGC-823凋亡。结论:①菝葜皂苷元对人胃癌细胞BGC-823的增殖具有抑制作用。②菝葜皂苷元能抑制人胃癌细胞BGC-823的粘附能力和侵袭能力。③菝葜皂苷元能诱导人胃癌细胞BGC-823凋亡。     

基于淫羊藿黄酮类化合物的体内代谢阐述其抗骨质疏松药效物质基础

全面系统阐述了淫羊藿饮片中朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C、宝藿苷I、淫羊藿苷5种主要黄酮类化合物的体内代谢过程,整理了5种黄酮类化合物的体内代谢产物与代谢途径;基于5种黄酮类化合物主要体内代谢产物,总结其共性代谢规律和共有代谢产物,并结合淫羊藿总黄酮、淫羊藿苷、宝藿苷I、淫羊藿素的抗骨质疏松药理作用及其作用机制,初步推断淫羊藿黄酮类化合物中的次糖苷和苷元是淫羊藿黄酮类化合物的主要体内代谢产物,次糖苷和苷元也可能是淫羊藿总黄酮抗骨质疏松重要药效物质基础。为淫羊藿饮片及淫羊藿黄酮类化合物抗骨质疏松药效物质基础及机制研究和抗骨质疏松有效药物研发提供了重要依据和指导。