Construction and evaluation of an alcohol vapor chamber system

An increasing number of studies demonstrated that alcohol vapor chamber is an effective way to model physical signs of alcohol use disorders. Although researchers are developing different vapor chambers to study chronic alcohol exposure model worldwide, few studies build and modify their own vapor chambers in China. Here, we designed and established an alcohol vapor chamber system for small animals. We described a paradigm showing how to control and monitor alcohol concentration in whole system. The vapor chamber system with several advantages including accommodating up to ten standard mouse cages. Furthermore, the system was tested by evaluating the blood alcohol concentration and neuron injury in mice. Importantly, the alcohol withdrawal after vapor exposure caused motor coordination impairment, anxiolytic- and depression-like behavior. Finally, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated glutamatergic transmissions in the medial prefrontal cortex was changed after alcohol vapor exposure-induced behaviors. The frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents between control and alcohol groups were not different, suggesting that alcohol exposure-induced behaviors are associated with the change in NMDAR response. Taken together, the new alcohol vapor chamber system was constructed, which would help to research the relationship between the stable alcohol exposure and withdrawal behaviors and to study chronic alcohol exposure-induced disorders in China.     

新型枢椎椎板钉导向器的应用研究

目的:通过体外试验探讨新型枢椎椎板钉导向器的安全性及准确性。方法:选取2018年1月至2018年6月行颈椎三维CT的患者40例,男21例,女19例;身高165～180(172.9±9.5) cm,年龄38～55(51.1±12.8)岁,排除枢椎椎板缺损及发育不全患者。每例患者的颈椎三维CT数据制作两套3D打印标本,共80个颈椎标本,均用于体外置钉试验。根据置钉方式的不同,体外试验部分分为导向器置钉组40个和徒手置钉组40个。同时,在计算机上重建出该40例患者的颈椎三维模型,通过计算机模拟置钉,得到理想出针点数据与理想内倾角度,此为3D模拟置钉组(理想钉道),40例。在体外试验中,分别测量导向器置钉组、徒手置钉组置入螺钉的位置危险等级、出针点位置及内倾角度。并以出针点精确性及钉道内倾角度为基准,将导向器置钉组、徒手置钉组与3D模拟置钉组数据对比,并将各组数据行统计学分析以确定准确性。结果:导向组螺钉位置可接受的为75例,位置危险的为5例,可接受率为94%,双皮质率为93%。徒手组螺钉位置可接受为62例,位置危险为18例,可接受率为78%,双皮质率33%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。导向器置钉组与3D模拟置钉组的出针点精确性及钉道内倾角度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),徒手置钉组与3D模拟置钉组出针点精确性及钉道内倾角度比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:本导向器为通用型,结构稳定,导向精确,操作简便,可同时置入双侧椎板钉,缩短置钉时间,同时可有效避免双向交叉螺钉的碰撞,增加双皮质率,有效提高枢椎椎板钉置钉的效率和安全性。     

江苏省麻风治愈存活者慢性病患病现状及影响因素分析

目的:了解江苏省麻风治愈存活者慢性病患病现状,分析影响因素。方法:采用普查的方法,调查麻风院村内以及社会上的麻风治愈存活者(以下分别简称为住村组和居家组),了解他们的慢性病患病情况及影响因素。结果:共有12724例麻风治愈存活者完成了该项调查,包括803例麻风院村内休养员和11921例院外治愈存活者,其中男8969例,女3755例。高血压、高血脂、冠心病、脑卒中、糖尿病、肿瘤、精神病患病率分别为28.7%、2.9%、5.2%、2.8%、5.3%、2.0%、0.4%。住村组、女性、非农业户口、高年龄为麻风治愈存活者的慢性病患病的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:麻风治愈存活者不仅有生理畸残和心理障碍,还面临着慢性病如高血压、糖尿病等困扰。     

用于支持药械注册的现实世界研究统计学思考

目的 探讨现实世界研究(RWS)获得现实世界证据(RWE)的统计学问题.方法 对现实世界数据(RWD),RWS的因果推断方法及RWE的评价方式进行总结,分析现存问题.结果 获得可靠的RWE用于支持药械监管是RWS的重要目标,适当的RWD通用标准是进行数据质量评价的前提,规范化的数据治理和完善的数据质量评价体系是规范开展...     

基于住院患者体验的地市级公立医院服务质量研究

[目的]分析地市级公立医院住院患者在医疗技术、医德医风、服务态度、流程管理、医疗费用、就医环境等方面的就医体验,对地市级公立医疗服务质量进行科学评估,为进一步提高地市级公立医院服务质量提供依据.[方法]从某市域内选取4家公立医院的518名患者进行面对面问卷调查.采用描述性分析方法、Friedman M秩和检验、Pear...     

疫情防控常态化背景下疫苗集中接种点医务人员职业倦怠现况调查

目的 本研究调查新冠疫苗全面接种时期相关医务人员的职业倦怠状况,探讨个体因素以及社会支持对倦怠水平的影响。方法 在南京市12个行政区中随机抽取4个辖区的新冠疫苗集中接种点,将全部医务人员共428名作为研究对象进行问卷调查,问卷包括人口学特征、中文版职业倦怠量表和社会支持量表。结果 医务人员情感耗竭、人格解体、个人成就感降低维度得分分别为(17.99±7.89)、(7.20±3.52)和(12.07±5.30)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,上司支持(β=-0.180, P< 0.05)、同事支持(β=-0.180, P< 0.05)为情感耗竭的保护因素,已婚、问诊岗位为情感耗竭的危险因素(β=0.161、β=0.095,P值均< 0.05),女性是人格解体的保护因素(β=-0.096,P< 0.05),亲友支持(β=-0.235, P< 0.05)是人格解体的保护因素,已婚是人格解体的危险因素(β=0.142,P< 0.05),同事支持(β=-0.168, P< 0.05)、亲友支持(β=-0.210, P< 0.05)、工龄(β=-0.154, P< 0.05)为个人成就感降低的保护因素,硕士学历是个人成就感降低的危险因素(β=0.126,P < 0.05)。结论 重视提高全方面社会支持,重点关注已婚、男性、硕士学历以及较短工龄医务人员的心理健康。     

某三级甲等医院住院患者满意度影响因素分析

目的: 分析住院患者医疗服务满意度影响因素,为提高医疗服务质量提供改进建议.方法: 采用自制的《住院病人满意度调查表》,调查住院患者对医疗服务满意度.结果: 患者一般情况、是否初次就诊和住院时间等因素与总满意度相关性差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);医疗服务满意度8个维度与总满意度的相关性差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论: 患者对该院总体评价较高.对医疗费用、就医流程、饮食生活评价相对较低,需要加以改进;提高患者满意度,还应从服务态度、医疗技术等方面持续改进.     

Synthesis of MoS2 nanosheets for mercury speciation analysis by HPLC-UV-HG-AFS

Mercury species have aroused wide concern in the past several decades due to their high toxicity. However, it is still difficult to detect ultra-trace mercury species due to their biochemical transformation in complex samples. To establish a simpler and more sensitive method for pre-concentration and determination of trace mercury species, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanosheets with sulfur-rich characteristics and enlarged interlayer spacing were prepared by a hydrothermal method coupled with a sonication-assisted liquid exfoliation method and acted as solid-phase extraction adsorbent. The nano-MoS₂ had high adsorption capacity, fast adsorption rate and excellent selectivity towards mercury ions (Hg²⁺), methyl mercury (MeHg⁺) and ethyl mercury (EtHg⁺) in a wide pH range and complex matrices. And it could be easily regenerated by 4 mol L⁻¹ HCl and reused several times. After optimizing HPLC-UV-HG-AFS conditions, a great linearity (1.0–10.0 μg L⁻¹, R² = 0.999 for Hg²⁺, MeHg⁺ and EtHg⁺), lower detection limits (0.017, 0.037 and 0.021 ng mL⁻¹ for Hg²⁺, MeHg⁺ and EtHg⁺, respectively), relative standard deviations (<5%) and addition recoveries of the samples within 82.75–113.38% were observed. In summary, trace inorganic and organic mercury species in environmental and biological samples could be selectively enriched by the prepared nano-MoS₂ and efficiently seperated and detected by HPLC-UV-HG-AFS. The present study will help provide a better strategy for environmental monitoring and health assessment of mercury pollutants.

As-synthesized few-layered molybdenum disulfide nanosheets were used as solid-phase extraction absorbent for ultra-trace mercury speciation analysis by HPLC-UV-HG-AFS.     

弓形虫感染对小鼠和人子宫自然杀伤细胞的影响

目的　观察弓形虫感染对小鼠和人子宫自然杀伤细胞（uterine natural killer cells, uNK cells）比例、数量、分化和功能的影响,探讨uNK细胞在弓形虫感染致早孕流产中的作用。方法　妊娠第6.5天给予孕鼠腹腔注射弓形虫速殖子,建立孕早期弓形虫感染致流产小鼠模型,妊娠第9.5天分离小鼠子宫淋巴细胞。取人正常妊娠孕早期流产新鲜蜕膜组织,分离人子宫淋巴细胞,与弓形虫RH株速殖子体外共培养48 h（弓形虫与子宫淋巴细胞比例分别为0.5∶1、1∶1、2∶1）。采用流式细胞术检测小鼠uNK细胞表型（CD122、NK1.1、DX5）、人uNK细胞表型（CD3、CD56、CD11b、CD27）及胞内细胞因子γ⁃干扰素（interferon⁃γ, IFN⁃γ）和肿瘤坏死因子⁃α（tumor necrosis factor⁃α, TNF⁃α）表达水平。磁珠分选小鼠和人uNK细胞,以小鼠YAC⁃1或人K562细胞作为靶细胞、以小鼠或人uNK细胞作为效应细胞,采用乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase, LDH）释放法检测效应细胞/靶细胞比例分别为1∶1、5∶1、10∶1、20∶1时uNK细胞的杀伤功能。结果　妊娠第9.5天,弓形虫感染组小鼠流产率较对照组显著上升（83.02% vs. 3.51%;[χ2] = 71.359,P < 0.001）。与对照组比较,弓形虫感染组小鼠uNK细胞绝对数量显著降低[（4 547 ± 1 610）个/只 vs.（8 978 ± 3 339）个/只;U = 2.000,P < 0.05]、细胞表面NK1.1表达水平显著下降[（74.53 ± 8.37）% vs.（93.00 ± 1.11）%;U = 0.000,P < 0.05]、NK1.1⁃DX5⁃细胞比例显著上升[（20.10 ± 8.03）% vs.（5.04 ± 0.68）%;U = 0.000,P < 0.05]、NK1.1+DX5+细胞比例显著下降[（21.70 ± 12.48）% vs.（45.75 ± 2.26）%;U = 0.000,P < 0.05]、IFN⁃γ表达水平显著升高[（16.74 ± 1.36）% vs.（8.13 ± 1.90）%;U = 0.000,P < 0.05],但TNF⁃α表达水平无显著改变[（67.98 ± 9.20）% vs.（52.93 ± 10.42）%;U = 2.000,P > 0.05]。弓形虫感染组小鼠uNK细胞表现出较强杀伤能力,且杀伤作用随着效应细胞/靶细胞比例升高逐渐增强;效应细胞/靶细胞比例为1∶1、5∶1、10∶1、20∶1时,感染组uNK细胞对YAC⁃1细胞的杀伤活性分别为2.30%、4.32%、8.12%和12.65%,对照组分别为1.21%、1.63%、2.51%和3.22%。将人子宫淋巴细胞与弓形虫RH株速殖子共培养48 h后,弓形虫感染组人uNK细胞在子宫淋巴细胞中所占比例较对照组显著降低[弓形虫2∶1组 vs. 对照组：（6.61 ± 1.75）% vs.（17.48 ± 4.81）%;F = 7.307,P < 0.01]、绝对数量显著减少[弓形虫2∶1组vs. 对照组：（12 104 ± 5 726）个/孔 vs.（65 285 ± 21 810）个/孔;H =11.540,P < 0.01]。弓形虫感染组uNK细胞中,CD56brightCD16⁃调节型NK细胞亚群比例较对照组减少（弓形虫2∶1组vs. 对照组：（25.25 ± 5.90）% vs.（36.03 ± 4.51）%;F = 3.213,P > 0.05]、CD56dimCD16+杀伤型NK细胞亚群比例增加[弓形虫2∶1组vs. 对照组：（11.15 ± 2.15）% vs.（7.09 ± 2.24）%,F = 2.992,P > 0.05],两者比值显著降低[弓形虫2∶1组vs. 对照组：（2.37 ± 0.92）vs.（5.58 ± 2.39）;H = 8.228,P < 0.05];CD11b+CD27⁃细胞比例显著上升[弓形虫2∶1组vs. 对照组：（30.28 ± 6.91）% vs.（17.48 ± 4.67）%;H = 6.556,P < 0.05],IFN⁃γ [弓形虫2∶1组vs. 对照组：（14.13 ± 1.28）% vs.（15.19 ± 1.64）%;F = 1.639,P > 0.05]、TNF⁃α表达水平无显著改变[弓形虫2∶1组vs. 对照组：（54.76 ± 10.02）% vs.（50.33 ±3.67）%;F = 0.415,P > 0.05]。弓形虫感染组人uNK细胞具有较强杀伤能力,且杀伤作用随着效应细胞/靶细胞比例升高逐渐增强;效应细胞/靶细胞比例为1∶1、5∶1、10∶1、20∶1时,感染组uNK细胞对K562细胞的杀伤活性分别为11.90%、28.11%、49.91%和73.35%,对照组分别为11.21%、21.63%、33.51%和48.22%。结论　弓形虫感染对小鼠和人uNK细胞分化和分泌功能产生了不同影响,但均可引起小鼠和人uNK细胞绝对数量减少、杀伤功能增强。