Comprehensive screening of tick-borne microorganisms indicates that a great variety of pathogens are circulating between hard ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) and domestic ruminants in natural foci of Anatolia

Grazing domestic ruminants serve as important reservoirs and/or amplificatory hosts in the ecology of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) and tick vectors in the natural foci; however, many enzootic life cycles including ruminants and ticks are still unknown. This study investigated a wide range of TBPs circulating among ticks and grazing ruminants in the natural foci of Anatolia, Turkey. Tick specimens (n = 1815) were collected from cattle, sheep, and goats in three ecologically distinct areas (wooded, transitional, and semi-arid zones) of Anatolia and identified by species: Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma excavatum, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma scupense, Haemaphysalis inermis, Haemaphysalis parva, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus bursa, and Rhipicephalus turanicus. PCR-sequencing analyses revealed TBPs of great diversity, with 32 different agents identified in the ticks: six Babesia spp. (Babesia occultans, Babesia crassa, Babesia microti, Babesia rossi, Babesia sp. tavsan1, and Babesia sp. Ucbas); four Theileria spp., including one putative novel species (Theileria annulata, Theileria orientalis, Theileria ovis, and Theileria sp.); one Hepatozoon sp.; four Anaplasma spp., including one novel genotype (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis, and Anaplasma sp.); six unnamed Ehrlichia spp. genotypes; Neoehrlichia mikurensis; nine spotted fever group rickettsiae, including one putative novel species (Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Rickettsia slovaca, Rickettsia hoogstraalii, Rickettsia monacensis with strain IRS3, Rickettsia mongolitimonae, Rickettsia raoultii, Candidatus Rickettsia goldwasserii, Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae, and Rickettsia sp.); and Borrelia valaisiana. Detailed phylogenetic analyses showed that some of the detected pathogens represent more than one haplotype, potentially relating to the tick species or the host. Additionally, the presence of Neoehrlichia mikurensis, an emerging pathogen for humans, was reported for the first time in Turkey, expanding its geographical distribution. Consequently, this study describes some previously unknown tick-borne protozoan and bacterial species/genotypes and provides informative epidemiological data on TBPs, which are related to animal and human health, serving the one health concept.     

Analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Dermacentor albipictus suggests a species complex

Dermacentor albipictus is a one-host tick broadly distributed across North America. There are two easily recognizable color variants – ornate and inornate/brown – that have been taxonomically synonymized. Based on mt-cox1 and mt-16S data, there is also evidence for two genetic lineages which do not match the color variants. We present for the first time the complete mitochondrial genomes of the two color variants of D. albipictus including representatives of each lineage. The AT-rich genomes are 14,822 bp – 14,865 bp in length and contain 13 protein coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA genes, arranged in the conserved type 3 metastriate mitochondrial genome order. The overall differences were 10.66% between the mitochondrial genomes of D. albipictus ornate variant lineage 1 and lineage 2, 10.51% between lineage 1 and inornate/brown variant and 5.87% between lineage 2 and inornate/brown variant. The inornate/brown variant did not form a separate lineage and all inornate isolates were found to belong to lineage 2. Ornate variant isolates occurred in both lineage 1 and 2. The high divergence of the mitochondrial genome suggests that D. albipictus may represent a species complex. Other barcoding genes that may help capture the genetic differences between color and lineage variants include nad1, nad2, nad5, cox1 and atp8 loci. The mtDNA data generated in this study are available in GenBank (Accession numbers: OM678457 - OM678459 and ON032564 - ON032573) for future studies on tick taxonomy, phylogenetics and molecular epidemiology.     

脑脊液腺苷脱氨酶联合实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应在老年结核性脑膜炎诊断中的应用

目的探讨脑脊液腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)联合试时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术在老年结核性脑膜炎(结脑)诊断中的意义。方法以我院近7年来收治的老年结脑107例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组检测脑脊液常规、生化,试验组在此基础上利用酶比色法测定脑脊液ADA活性,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测脑脊液结核分枝杆菌DNA。结果联合上述2项指标老年结脑的早期确诊率试验组(38.5%)明显高于对照组(14.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。中期确诊率试验组(67.3%)亦明显高于对照组(43.6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论脑脊液中ADA活性检测及脑脊液结核分枝杆菌DNA测定可明显提高老年结脑早中期确诊率。     

结核性渗出性胸膜炎患者胸膜增厚对肺功能的影响

目的探讨不同程度的胸膜增厚对结核性渗出性胸膜炎(结胸)患者肺功能的影响。方法通过胸部B超及CT检查观察测量胸膜增厚的程度,对患者进行常规通气肺功能、脉冲振荡肺功能(IOS)测定。110例患者根据胸膜增厚程度分为2组,比较2组患者肺活量(VC)、最大自主通气量(MVV)、共振频率(Fres)、周边弹性阻力(X5)等指标。结果随胸膜增厚程度的增加VC、MVV明显降低,Fres逐渐增大、X5负向增大,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论轻度胸膜增厚对肺功能影响较小,中重度胸膜增厚对肺功能影响明显。     

正畸远移尖牙方式与龈沟液RANKL／OPG表达比值的相关性研究

目的探讨不同加力方式对牙齿移动速度的影响以及与龈沟液核因子κB受体活化子配体／骨保护素表达比值（RANKL／OPG）的相关性。方法选取双侧对称拔除4颗第一双尖牙的恒牙列患者,随机分为螺旋弹簧施力组和弹力橡皮链施力组,实施尖牙远中移动,分别于加力前,加力2、4、8、12、16、20周测量尖牙移动量和龈沟液RANKL／OPG值。结果加力4周后,螺旋弹簧组每个时间点的尖牙移动量均大于橡皮链组。两组各加力时间点的RANKL／OPG值均有显著差异。尖牙移动到位后和稳定3个月后的定位根尖片均无牙根吸收现象。结论螺旋弹簧组的骨改建作用强于橡皮链组,龈沟液RANKL／OPG值与骨改建过程具有相关性。     

对结核病患者实施药学关怀的探讨

目的探讨对结核病患者的药学关怀,提高用药依从性,减少耐药性的发生,以利结核病治疗。方法采用多种形式,对不同的对象采用不同的关怀方法,给予不同的关怀内容,把群体关怀中的用药关怀作为药学关怀的重点。结果与结论药学关怀的实施,有助于结核患者正确认识疾病,正确对待化学治疗过程中抗结核药带来的不良反应,增强战胜疾病的信心,积极配合治疗。对结核病患者实施系统的药学关怀,能有效保证结核病患者做到早期、联用、适量、规律、全程服药,对结核病的治愈起着至关重要的作用。     

肾结核的CT诊断与误诊分析

目的 探讨CT诊断肾结核的临床效果,并对引起CT误诊的相关因素进行分析.方法 选取经病理组织学证实为肾结核的32例患者分别行B超及CT检查,并与病理组织学结果进行对比.结果 经病理组织学证实Ⅰ型肾结核 7例,Ⅱ型肾结核 8例,Ⅲ型肾结核 6例,Ⅳ型肾结核 6例,Ⅴ型 5例.CT诊断中Ⅰ型肾结核7例,Ⅱ型肾结核 6例,Ⅲ型肾结核 6例,Ⅳ型肾结核 6例,Ⅴ型7例,符合率为93.75%（30例）.B超诊断证实Ⅰ型肾结核6例,Ⅱ型肾结核 8例,Ⅲ型肾结核 7例,Ⅳ型肾结核 7例,Ⅴ型 4例,符合率为81.25%（26例）.与B超诊断相比,CT诊断符合率较高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.CT诊断中有2例（6.25%）患者出现误诊,1例将其诊断为肾囊肿,1例为假性动脉瘤合并脓肿误诊为结核.结论 对肾结核患者应用CT诊断具有较高的诊断价值,可作为临床诊断肾结核的重要手段.     

河北省胸科医院护士死亡焦虑现状分析及临床干预

［摘要］ 目的了解河北省胸科医院重症监护室（intensive care unit,ICU）护士对死亡焦虑培训需求情况以及系统培训效果,为今后有目的、有方法地实施系统死亡教育培训提供参考依据。 方法将河北省胸科医院ICU工作的护士作为研究对象,通过《汉化版死亡焦虑量表》及死亡焦虑培训需求百分制度量尺进行调查分析。 结果年龄越大的ICU护士死亡焦虑水平越高（P＜0.01）。年龄越大、学历越高、职称越高、工作年限越长的ICU护士死亡教育需求评分越高（P＜0.01）。死亡焦虑评分与死亡教育需求呈正相关（P＜0.05）。Logistics回归结果显示职称水平是影响死亡教育培训需求的重要因素。培训结束后ICU护士死亡焦虑评分明显低于培训前（P＜0.05）。 结论死亡焦虑评分与死亡教育培训需求呈正相关,职称水平越高对于接受系统死亡教育的培训迫切感越强烈。培训后,ICU护士的死亡焦虑评分明显降低,值得推广死亡教育培训。     

细胞块石蜡包埋切片和细胞涂片鉴别诊断良、恶性胸腹腔积液的临床效果比较

［摘要］目的　对比细胞块石蜡包埋切片和细胞涂片鉴别诊断良、恶性胸腹腔积液的临床效果．方法　随机选取安康市中医医院2012年5月至2015年5月收治的胸腹腔积液患者80例,每1例送检标本分为2份,1份应用细胞块石蜡包埋切片法检测,另1份应用细胞涂片法检测．结果　细胞块石蜡包埋切片的细胞学诊断阳性率28.8%（23/80）显著高于细胞涂片22.5%（18/80）,P＜0.05,细胞病理学诊断的腺癌检出率32.5%（26/80）显著高于细胞涂片20.0%（16/80）,P＜0.05;80例标本中,31例为血性胸腹腔积液,其中13例为恶性,阳性率为41.9%;49例为非血性胸腹腔积液,其中11例为恶性,阳性率为22.5%．血性胸腹腔积液细胞病理学诊断的阳性率显著高于非血性胸腹腔积液（P＜0.05）．结论　细胞块石蜡包埋切片比细胞涂片鉴别诊断良、恶性胸腹腔积液的临床效果好．     

常规分割与大分割三维适形放射治疗非小细胞肺癌合并上腔静脉压迫综合征

［摘要］目的　探讨大分割与常规分割三维适形放射治疗非小细胞肺癌合并上腔静脉压迫综合征的有效性和安全性,为改善患者预后提供临床参照．方法　分析六安市中医院2010年1月至2012年12月收治的63例非小细胞肺癌合并上腔静脉压迫综合征患者的一般资料,根据不同放射分割方式分为观察组（n＝28）和对照组（n＝35）,观察组给予大分割三维适形放射治疗,对照组给予常规分割三维适形放射治疗,比较2组患者的临床疗效、毒副反应及1 a、2 a生存率．结果　观察组完全缓解率为96.43%,显著高于对照组的74.29%（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗2周内完全缓解为89.29%,显著高于对照组的62.86%（P＜0.05）;观察组总有效率为85.71%,显著高于对照组的62.86%（P＜0.05）;观察组临床获益率为96.43%,与对照组的91.43%比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;2组患者毒副反应发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;2组患者1 a、2 a生存率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）．结论　大分割三维适形放射治疗非小细胞肺癌合并上腔静脉压迫综合征的近期疗效优于常规分割治疗,且并未增加毒副反应,值得临床重视．