子宫内膜结核的子宫输卵管造影表现

目的探讨子宫内膜结核的子宫输卵管造影(HSG)表现。方法回顾性分析经宫-腹腔镜、刮除活检、组织学检查、细菌培养、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)及病理证实的18例子宫内膜结核患者,分析其HSG表现。结果 14例子宫内膜结核患者具有特异性改变,包括三叶草样、T型、假单角子宫、指套样等。4例为非特异性表现,包括子宫内膜炎、宫腔粘连变形以及对比剂渗入静脉及淋巴管。结论 HSG是诊断子宫内膜结核的一种重要检查方法,对于不明原因的不孕女性患者应尽早常规行HSG检查,可为临床不孕不育诊治提供重要依据。     

多学科管理下鸟氨酸氨甲酰基转移酶缺乏症妇女连续三次妊娠分娩健康儿一例

本文报告1例鸟氨酸氨甲酰基转移酶缺乏症患者3次妊娠,最终在多学科管理下分娩一健康新生儿的诊疗经过。2013年患者首次妊娠,孕28周出现急性高氨血症收入上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院,诊断为鸟氨酸氨甲酰基转移酶缺乏症。给予低蛋白饮食及降血氨治疗,并在多学科管理下于孕32周剖宫产一男婴,但该男婴生后第3天死亡。基因分析提示患者及其新生儿鸟氨酸氨甲酰基转移酶基因均存在c.583G>A(G195R)突变。2015年患者再次自然妊娠,但产前诊断提示胎儿为男性,且鸟氨酸氨甲酰基转移酶基因存在同一位点纯合突变,于孕21周引产终止妊娠。2017年借助体外受精-胚胎移植及植入前基因诊断技术第3次妊娠,并在多学科管理下最终顺利分娩一名健康男婴。     

宫颈癌变过程中XIAP和caspase-3表达水平的变化及其与高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染的相关性

目的：探讨X-连锁凋亡抑制蛋白（X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein,XIAP）和caspase 3在宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN）及宫颈鳞癌（squamous carcinoma of the cervix,SCC）中的表达水平及其与高危型人乳头瘤病毒（human papilloma virus,HPV）感染的关系.方法：采用免疫组织化学Envision二步法检测XIAP和caspase-3在SCC（n=25）、CIN（n=80）及正常宫颈（normal cervix,NC,n=10）石蜡包埋组织中的表达,并进行HPV分型检测.结果：高危型HPV 总感染率为62.6％（72/115）.SCC、CINⅢ、CINⅡ、CIN Ⅰ、NC组的高危型HPV感染率分别为88.0％（22/25）、84.0％（21/25）、68.0％（17/25）、33.3％（10/30）、20.0％（2/10）,高危型HPV感染率随着宫颈病变的加重呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义（x2 =30.820,P =0.000）.NC、CIN Ⅰ、CINⅡ与SCC组的XIAP阳性表达率两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.01）,XIAP阳性率及表达水平与宫颈病变的严重程度呈正相关（r=0.410,P=0.000）.NC、CIN Ⅰ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ与SCC组的caspase-3阳性表达率两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）,其阳性率及表达水平与宫颈病变的严重程度呈负相关（r=-0.320,P=0.000）.在CIN及SCC中,XIAP与caspase-3、XIAP与高危型HPV感染分别呈负相关（r=-0.402,P=0.000）和正相关（r=0.458,P=0.000）.结论：高危型HPV感染、XIAP高表达和caspase-3表达下调在宫颈癌前病变向SCC演变的过程中可能起促进作用.     

CD147在不明原因自然流产患者绒毛组织的表达

目的:分析CD147在不明原因自然流产患者绒毛组织中的表达水平,并探讨其生物学功能。方法:收集人早孕期正常和不明原因自然流产妇女的绒毛组织,采用免疫组织化学、RT-PCR和Western blotting法检测CD147的表达,比较CD147在正常早孕与不明原因自然流产妇女绒毛组织的表达差异。体外分离纯化获得正常人早孕期滋养细胞,采用免疫细胞化学验证CD147在滋养细胞的表达,引入抗CD147中和性抗体处理人滋养细胞,采用Brd U增殖实验和Transwell侵袭实验分析滋养细胞增殖和侵袭能力的变化。结果:正常早孕期绒毛组织和滋养细胞高表达CD147,不明原因自然流产绒毛组织CD147的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均低于正常早孕期绒毛组织。抗CD147中和性抗体处理原代人滋养细胞后,滋养细胞的增殖能力未发生明显变化,侵袭能力下降。结论:人绒毛组织CD147的异常低表达可能与不明原因早期妊娠失败相关,CD147通过调控滋养细胞的侵袭能力参与正常妊娠的维持。     

Identifying occult maternal malignancies from 1.93 million pregnant women undergoing noninvasive prenatal screening tests

PurposeMultiple chromosomal aneuploidies may be associated with maternal malignancies and can cause failure of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) tests. However, multiple chromosomal aneuploidies show poor specificity and selectivity for diagnosing maternal malignancies.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective analysis evaluated 639 pregnant women who tested positive for multiple chromosomal aneuploidies on initial NIPS test between January 2016 and December 2017. Women were assessed using genome profiling of copy-number variations, which was translated to cancer risk using a novel bioinformatics algorithm called the cancer detection pipeline (CDP). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of diagnosing maternal malignancies were compared for multiple chromosomal aneuploidies, the CDP model, and the combination of CDP and plasma tumor markers.ResultsOf the 639 subjects, 41 maternal malignant cancer cases were diagnosed. Multiple chromosomal aneuploidies predicted maternal malignancies with a PPV of 7.6%. Application of the CDP algorithm to women with multiple chromosomal aneuploidies allowed 34 of the 41 (83%) cancer cases to be identified, while excluding 422 of 501 (84.2%) of the false positive cases. Combining the CDP with plasma tumor marker testing gave PPV of 75.0%.ConclusionThe CDP algorithm can diagnose occult maternal malignancies with a reasonable PPV in multiple chromosomal aneuploidies–positive pregnant women in NIPS tests. This performance can be further improved by incorporating findings for plasma tumor markers.     

30 mL和60 mL容量宫颈扩张球囊对足月妊娠促宫颈成熟效果比较

目的：探讨两种不同容量的宫颈扩张球囊用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟的临床疗效观察,为提高引产成功率,降低产后不良影响提供临床依据。方法：随机抽取2017年6月-2017年12月同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院收治的具有引产指征且宫颈评分＜6分的足月单胎孕妇400例作为观察对象,根据不同的球囊注水容量随机分为2组,Foley单球囊注水30 mL促宫颈成熟组（F30组）200例,Foley单球囊注水60 mL促宫颈成熟组（F60组）200例,比较2组患者的促宫颈成熟效果、引产效果以及孕产妇和新生儿转归情况。结果：2组患者治疗前Bishop评分比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.280,P=0.201）,治疗后2组患者Bishop评分均上升,治疗后Bishop评分比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=-4.137,P=0.000）。2组初产妇的引产-分娩时间比较差异有统计学意义（t=4.204,P=0.000）。多因素分析显示球囊容量是初产妇24 h内成功阴道分娩的影响因素（OR=1.990,95%CI：1.444～2.742,P=0.000）。研究中20例瘢痕子宫孕妇用宫颈扩张球囊促宫颈成熟,其中18例顺利阴道分娩,无相关并发症。2组孕产妇和新生儿结局比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论：对足月宫颈条件不成熟的孕妇（包括剖宫产术后再次妊娠者）采用宫颈扩张球囊引产,安全有效,Foley 60 mL球囊在促宫颈成熟方面效果更好,且适当缩短引产-分娩时间。     

Defect width: the prognostic index for vaginal repair of cesarean section diverticula

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical parameter associated with cesarean section diverticula anatomic healing via vaginal repair management.

Methods

Observational cohort study. From Jul 2014 to Dec 2015, 143 women with CSD underwent vaginal repair surgery in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, and 137(95.80%) were diagnosed using both transvaginal ultrasound and MRI. A total of 124 patients (86.71%) who were followed-up for more than 6 months after surgery were enrolled in this study. Excision and suture of CSD was performed through the vaginal approach. The defect sizes of the width, length, depth and TRM before or after repair were evaluated.

Results

The mean preoperative duration of menstruation was 14.47 ± 3.30 days and the thickness of the remaining muscular layer was 2.65 ± 1.13 mm before surgery. The study revealed that the healing effects of CSD repair stabilized 3 months after surgery. At the median follow-up time (11.28 months), CSD disappeared after surgery in 64.52% of patients (80/124), and 60.0% of patients (48/80) reached ≤7 days of menstruation. Meanwhile, for 35.48% of patients (44/124), CSD persisted at the median follow-up after surgery, and 31.82% (14/44) of these patients reached ≤7 days of menstruation(P < 0.05). TRM at a median follow-up time after vaginal repair >7.88 mm, 92.11% (70/76) of CSD disappeared. Moreover, when preoperative CSD width ≤18.85 mm indicates that only 18.75% (12/64) of patients will present with CSD after vaginal repair, as determined by MRI (95% CI 0.515–0.737).

Conclusion

The defect width of the preoperative CSD was the prognostic index of CSD anatomical repair effect. When the preoperative CSD width >18.85 mm, we should pay more attention to the edge of the defect during vaginal repairing.

     

乳腺化生性癌

乳腺化生性癌是一组形态学异质性的浸润性乳腺癌,可以分为多种组织学亚型。此类癌比较少见,占所有乳腺癌的1%以下,且关于乳腺化生性癌的文献报道也比较少。本文结合最新2012版乳腺肿瘤的WHO分类,对乳腺化生性癌各种类型的临床特征、组织形态、免疫表型、预后及治疗进行综述。