微信平台结合病例教学模式在超声专业住院医师规范化培训中的应用探索

超声专业的住院医师培训既需要重视理论教学,更讲究“看图说话”,即以大量的超声病例为基础,训练住院医师从超声图像中寻找、发现并判别病变,从而形成敏锐的识别诊断能力。本研究利用即时通讯工具微信建立虚拟学习平台,通过该平台实施以病例教学模式,可以避免时间和场地的限制,使得师生之间交流更快捷。根据问卷调查,住院医师普遍认为该培训模式可有效提高学习效率、提升专业能力,希望在传统教学模式基础上加入该培训模式。住院医师的病例分析结果显示培训过程中住院医师的诊断准确率逐步提升。微信平台结合病例教学的模式可以为超声专业住院医师规范化培训提供新的思路和方法。     

牙龈蛋白酶及其致病作用

牙龈卟啉单胞菌是引起和加重牙周炎的重要致病菌,其分泌的牙龈蛋白酶是其主要的毒力因子之一。本文就牙龈卟啉单胞菌牙龈蛋白酶以及牙龈蛋白酶对细菌生长和黏附的影响、对组织的破坏作用、对宿主防御机制的作用等研究进展作一综述。     

Surgical management of persistent post-traumatic trans-tentorial brain hernia

IntroductionTemporal engagement may persist after etiologic surgical treatment of acute subdural hematoma (ASH) without clinical improvement despite normalized intracranial pressure (ICP). The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of secondary direct temporal lobe disengagement (DTLD) after surgery for supratentorial ASH and to evaluate clinical outcome.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 4 patients undergoing secondary DTLD. Patient data were recorded at admission, pre- and postoperatively and at 6 months’ follow-up (FU): age, gender, Rotterdam score, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), neurological deficits, oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP), ICP, midline shift, complications and Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS-E).ResultsAt postoperative evaluation 48 h after DTLD, we observed a significant improvement in GCS score (initial 6 ± 3, preoperative 7 ± 3, postoperative 14 ± 1; P = 0.02), midline shift (initial 16 ± 3 mm, preoperative 13 ± 5 mm, postoperative 9 ± 2 mm; P = 0.049) and ONP (P = 0.01). In all cases, early postoperative imaging documented visualization of a patent ipsilateral peri-mesencephalic cistern. At 6-month FU, GOS-E showed 75% good recovery and 25% disability. Complete ONP recovery was observed in 75% of patients (P = 0.01). Neurological deficits were present at FU in 25% of patients. No surgery-related complications or mortality were recorded.ConclusionsIn traumatic brain injury, secondary DTLD may allow simple, effective and safe management of trans-tentorial uncal herniation, avoiding more challenging procedures. Clinical results are promising, as this technique seems to favorably influence neurological outcome in this selected subgroup of patients with persistent clinical and radiological signs of temporal engagement after etiological treatment with normal ICP values.     

Pretreatment intranetwork connectivity can predict the outcomes in idiopathic tinnitus patients treated with sound therapy

Previous studies demonstrated that brain morphological differences and distinct patterns of neural activation exist in tinnitus patients with different prognoses after sound therapy. This study aimed to explore possible differences in intrinsic network‐level functional connectivity (FC) in patients with different outcomes after sound therapy (narrow band noise). We examined intrinsic FC using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 78 idiopathic tinnitus patients (including 35 effectively treated and 43 ineffectively treated) and 52 healthy controls (HCs) via independent component analysis. We also investigated the associations between the differences in FC and clinical variables. Analyses revealed significantly altered intranetwork connectivity in the auditory network (AUN) and some nonauditory‐related networks in the EG/IG patients compared to HCs; compared with EG patients, IG patients showed decreased intranetwork connectivity in the anterior default mode network (aDMN) and AUN. Meanwhile, robust differences were also evident in internetwork connectivity between some nonauditory‐related networks (salience network and executive control network; posterior default mode network and dorsal attention network) in the EG relative to IG patients. We combined intranetwork connectivity in the aDMN and AUN as an imaging indicator to evaluate patient outcomes and screen patients before treatment; this approach reached a sensitivity of 94.3% and a specificity of 76.7%. Our study suggests that tinnitus patients with different outcomes show distinct network‐level functional reorganization patterns. Intranetwork connectivity in the aDMN and AUN may be indicators that can be used to predict prognoses in patients with idiopathic tinnitus and screen patients before sound therapy.     

人均限定疗程和药物利用指数比较研究

目的:提出人均限定疗程的概念,并以围术期抗菌药物应用为例,探讨药物利用监测指标的合理选择。方法:收集我院2009年12月-2010年4月147例Ⅰ类切口围术期患者抗菌药物的应用情况,计算所用药品的药物利用指数(DUI)和人均限定疗程,比较2个指标对抗菌药物应用情况的评价结果。结果:我院Ⅰ类切口抗菌药物的DUI和人均限定疗程对不规范用药的阳性检出率分别为61.3%和83.9%(P=0.016);以2d为界的分组统计结果为:疗程≤2d组2项指标对不规范用药检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),疗程>2d组2项指标对不规范用药检出率差异有统计学意义(P=0.016),人均限定疗程检出率较高。结论:人均限定疗程是一个比DUI更敏感、易得的药物利用监测指标。     

早期应用尼可地尔对STEMI患者行急诊介入治疗中慢血流的预防价值

目的 评估早期应用尼可地尔对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中慢血流的预防价值.方法 收集自2018年1月至2019年12月于北京京煤集团总医院胸痛中心收治的188例STEMI并行急诊PCI的患者为研究对象,随机分为尼可地尔组(n=86)和常规治疗组(n=102).观察比较两...     

223例住院煤工尘肺肺结核患者耐药情况分析

目的了解煤工尘肺肺结核患者耐抗结核药物情况,探寻其防治策略。方法收集2009年1月至2012年12月北京京煤集团总医院尘肺肺结核科住院并确诊的223例煤工尘肺肺结核患者临床资料,分析其耐药情况,采用描述性统计的方法,计数资料采用χ²检验,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果223例患者抗结核药物总耐药率为42.60%（95/223）,耐药患者中初治占26.32%（25/95）、复治占73.68%（70/95）,二者比较差异有统计学意义（χ²=58.436,P＜0.01）;多耐药率为50.53%（48/95）、耐多药率为34.74%（33/95）、广泛耐药率为7.37%（7/95）;在检测的抗结核药物中,耐一线抗结核药物依次为H 73.68%（70/95）、S 70.53%（67/95）、R 64.21%（61/95）、E 50.53%（48/95）,耐二线抗结核药物前4位依次是Km 44.21%（42/95）、PAS 36.84%（35/95）、Ofx 35.79%（34/95）、Pto 24.21%（23/95）;初治患者对一线抗结核药物耐药顺位是S>H>R>E［耐药率分别为76.00%(19/25)、56.00%(14/25)、52.00%(13/25)、44.00%(11/25)］,对二线抗结核药物耐药主要是Km（48.00%,12/25）、Ofx（44.00%,11/25）;复治患者对一线抗结核药物耐药顺位是H>S>R>E>Z［耐药率分别为80.00%(56/70)、68.57%(48/70)、67.14%(47/70)、52.86%(37/70)、7.14%(5/70)］,对二线抗结核药物耐药前5位是Km>PAS>Ofx>Pto>Lfx［耐药率分别为42.86%(30/70)、40.00%(28/70)、32.86%(23/70)、25.71%(18/70)、15.71%(11/70)］,且耐药品种较初治患者明显增多。结论煤工尘肺肺结核住院患者耐药状况较严重,应加强其卫生管理、治疗方法的研究。     

微信平台结合病例教学在超声专业住院医师规范化培训中的应用

超声专业的住院医师规范化培训既需要重视理论教学,更讲究“看图说话”,即以大量的超声病例为基础,训练住院医师从超声图像中寻找、发现并判别病变,从而形成敏锐的识别诊断能力。本研究利用即时通信工具微信建立虚拟学习平台,通过该平台实施病例教学,可以避免时间和场地的限制,使得师生之间交流更快捷。根据问卷调查,住院医师普遍认为该培训模式可有效提高学习效率、提升专业能力,希望在传统教学基础上加入该培训模式。住院医师的病例分析结果显示,培训过程中住院医师的诊断准确率逐步提升。微信平台结合病例教学可以为超声专业住院医师规范化培训提供新的思路和方法。     

Motor relearning program and Bobath method improve motor function of the upper extremities in patients with stroke

BACKGROUND: In the natural evolution of cerebrovascular disease, unconscious use of affected extremity during drug treatment and daily life can improve the function of affected upper extremity partially, but it is very slow and also accompanied by the formation of abnormal mode. Therefore, functional training should be emphasized in recovering the motor function of extremity. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of combination of motor relearning program and Bobath method on motor function of upper extremity of patients with stroke. DESIGN: Comparison of therapeutic effects taking stroke patients as observation subjects. SETTING: Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Beijing Jingmei Group. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 120 stroke patients, including 60 males and 60 females, averaged （59±3） years, who hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Beijing Jingmei Group between January 2005 and June 2006 were recruited. The involved patients met the following criteria: Stroke attack within 2 weeks; diagnosis criteria of cerebral hemorrhage or infarction made in the 4th National Cerebrovascular Disease Conference; confirmed by skull CT or MRI; Informed consents of therapeutic regimen were obtained. The patients were assigned into 2 groups according to their wills: rehabilitation group and control group, with 30 males and 30 females in each group. Patients in rehabilitation group averaged （59±2）years old, and those in the control group averaged （58±2）years old. METHODS: ① Patients in two groups received routine treatment in the Department of Neurology. When the vital signs of patients in the rehabilitation group were stable, individualized treatment was conducted by combined application of motor relearning program and Bobath method. Meanwhile, training of activity of daily living was performed according to the disease condition changes of patients at different phases, including the nursing and instruction of body posture, the maintenance of good extremity position, bed exercise, bedside sit up and sitting position balance, sit up exercise, dynamic and static balance exercise, walking exercise, active training and passive training. The strength, time and speed of training were increased gradually according to their physical abilities. Patients were trained 45 to 60 minutes once, 5 times a week, within 2 weeks. ② Evaluation criteria of therapeutic effect: The motor function of upper extremity was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer method on the day of beginning and end of treatment. Higher points indicated better function of upper extremity. ③ t test and paired t test were used for comparing the difference of intergroup and intragroup measurement data, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in Fugl-Meyer scoring of two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: Totally 120 stroke patients participated in the final analysis. Before treatment, Fugl-Meyer scoring was close between rehabilitation group and control group [（14.47±2.38）,（14.16±2.39） points, P > 0.05]; Fugl-Meyer scoring of rehabilitation group after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment and that of control group[（37.93±2.67）,（18.36±2.43） points, t =11.053, 5.408, P < 0.01]; There were no significant differences in Fugl-Meyer scoring between before treatment in the control group and control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combined application of motor relearning program and Bobath method can significantly improve the motor function of upper extremity of patients with stroke.