恶性血液病合并血流感染患者病原菌分布及其预后影响因素

 目的 分析恶性血液病合并血流感染患者的病原学特征及其预后影响因素。方法 选取2016年1月-2022年5月遵义医科大学附属医院血液内科的恶性血液病合并血流感染的住院患者为研究对象。根据患者发生血流感染30 d内的治疗结局分为生存组和死亡组。分析患者的病原学特征及预后情况,并采用单因素及logistic回归分析影响恶性血液病合并血流感染预后的危险因素。结果 共纳入185例患者,基础疾病以急性白血病为主(125例,67.6%)。共分离197株病原菌,革兰阴性菌109株(55.3%),其中大肠埃希菌55株(27.9%);革兰阳性菌86株(43.7%),其中人葡萄球菌24株(12.2%);真菌2株(1.0%)。大肠埃希菌中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(EBSLs)菌株28株(50.9%);肺炎克雷伯菌中产EBSLs菌株2株(10.0%);耐甲氧西林的人葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率分别为70.8%、71.4%、36.4%。单因素分析表明,年龄≥70岁、粒细胞缺乏持续时间≥7 d、未合理使用抗菌药物、合并心功能不全、合并急性肾功能不全、感染性休克、肺部感染患者的30天病死率较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析表明,粒细胞缺乏持续时间≥7 d[OR=3.306,95%CI(1.224~8.927)]、合并心功能不全[OR=6.291,95%CI(1.930~20.508)]、合并急性肾功能不全[OR=8.419,95%CI(2.198~32.241)]、感染性休克[OR=22.150,95%CI(3.639~134.806)]均为恶性血液病合并血流感染患者30天内死亡的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论 恶性血液病合并血流感染最常见的病原菌中,革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌为主,革兰阳性菌以人葡萄球菌为主。影响恶性血液病合并血流感染患者预后的危险因素较多,缩短粒细胞缺乏持续时间,改善心功能不全、肾功能不全,积极控制感染性休克是减少恶性血液病合并血流感染患者30天内死亡的有效措施。     

Metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the breast: A case report and literature review

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common malignancy in children, but embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) deposits rarely occur in the breast in adults. Therefore, little is known about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of breast metastases from RMS, especially the embryonal type. We reported a case of a 22-year-old woman who was diagnosed with ERMS at left foot 2 years ago and accepted operation and chemotherapy. She was confirmed to have breast metastases from the left foot. Successive imaging examinations were performed 3 months apart. Breast ultrasound indicated a benign lesion, and further examination did not reveal any bone metastases. However, predominant restricted diffusion and rim contrast enhancement on MRI combined with the patient's medical history suggested a malignancy of BI-RADS 5. After 3 months, breast ultrasound revealed masses detected last time became larger and lobulated. In addition, internal heterogeneous intensity and rim contrast enhancement with restricted diffusion were revealed on MRI. We speculated that typical MRI findings of breast metastases from RMS may include iso- to hypointensity on T1WI, heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI, and circular enhancement with restricted diffusion. Moreover, mild peritumoral edema, rapid expansion of necrosis, and ascending time-intensity curve detected on MRI may be features of the ERMS type.     

T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1/Th2细胞因子谱早期鉴别细菌尿源性脓毒症

目的探究尿源性脓毒症患者T淋巴细胞亚群及辅助性T细胞1(Th1)/Th2细胞亚群细胞因子谱水平变化及其对革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌的鉴别价值。方法选择2015年2月-2020年3月遵义医科大学附属医院收治的98例尿源性脓毒症患者、80例常规泌尿系统感染患者及100名查体的健康志愿者作为研究对象,分别纳入脓毒症组、局部感染组、对照组。对脓毒症组患者进行病原菌分析,检测T淋巴细胞亚群比例及白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)等细胞因子水平。结果入组脓毒症患者中,革兰阴性菌引起的尿源性脓毒症患者共53例(检出革兰阴性菌53株),以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌为主;革兰阳性菌引起的尿源性脓毒症患者共45例(检出革兰阳性菌45株),以表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌为主。脓毒症组患者CD₃⁺T淋巴细胞亚群比例、CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞亚群比例、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺分别为(59.84±7.41)%、(34.84±5.26)%、(1.42±0.65),低于局部感染组、对照组,而IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、IFN-γ分别为2.69(0.98,16.23)pg/ml、2.49(0.74,22.74)pg/ml、88.41(10.24,188.52)pg/ml、25.63(1.74,74.15)pg/ml、3.25(1.01,16.96)pg/ml、7.11(1.22,15.63)pg/ml,高于局部感染组、对照组(P<0.05)。革兰阳性菌感染患者CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺分别为(64.15±4.71)%、(37.41±5.41)%、(1.53±0.34),高于革兰阴性菌感染患者,IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α分别为70.12(15.26,152.37)pg/ml、10.89(2.22,35.96)pg/ml、2.88(1.01,15.27)pg/ml,低于革兰阴性菌感染患者(P<0.05)。CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺、IL-6、IL-10等指标鉴别革兰阳性菌感染及革兰阴性菌感染的曲线下面积分别为0.651、0.681、0.656、0.769、0.758,当截点值为61.70%、35.10%、1.47、77.41 pg/ml、17.16 pg/ml时约登指数最大。结论尿源性脓毒症患者存在T细胞亚群及Th1/Th2细胞因子谱水平的失衡,且革兰阳性菌及革兰阴性菌脓毒症患者存在一定差异,临床可根据这些指标进行早期诊断及病原菌类型的鉴别。     

Müller细胞在糖尿病视网膜病变中的研究进展

Müller细胞是脊椎动物视网膜最主要的神经胶质细胞,从内界膜到外界膜纵贯视网膜全层,参与构成血-视网膜屏障,积极参与视网膜发育并通过许多细胞内机制促进和维持视网膜稳态。Müller细胞在糖尿病视网膜病变的发生发展过程中扮演重要角色,其病理生理改变仍有待深入研究。本文就Müller细胞在糖尿病视网膜病变中的病理生理改变以及近年研究进展作一综述。     

基于技术接受模型的新建医院信息系统护士使用满意度影响因素研究

介绍技术接受模型特点及应用情况,基于技术接受模型并应用问卷调查方法,分析新建医院护士使用医院信息系统满意度现状及影响因素,提出护理管理者应根据护士不同特征,采取针对性措施提高护士使用医院信息系统满意度。     

肥厚型脉络膜谱系疾病的研究进展

肥厚型脉络膜谱系疾病包括脉络膜增厚性视网膜色素上皮病变(PPE)、中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)、肥厚性脉络膜新生血管病变(PNV)和息肉状脉络膜血管病变(PCV)。PPE指脉络膜厚度永久性异常增加,表现为脉络膜大血管层(Haller层)扩张,压迫其周围的中血管层(Sattler层)和毛细血管层(Choriocapillaris层),导致RPE供血不足,引起一系列色素上皮病变。其余3种疾病可由脉络膜增厚性色素上皮病变进展而来,对于肥厚型脉络膜谱系疾病的发病特征、影像学变化的研究有助于探索该谱系疾病发病机制,为该类疾病的早期临床诊断及预防和治疗提供参考。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者穿刺取卵和IVF-ET后妊娠合并盆腔脓肿一例并文献复习

报告1例在穿刺取卵和体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)术后发生盆腔脓肿的卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者.该患者24岁,不孕4年,发现多囊卵巢综合征1年,曾采取阴道卵巢囊肿穿刺术.给予达英-35调经治疗1个周期,完善术前检查后行助孕治疗,穿刺取卵、IVF-ET后10 d,腹痛伴发热,抗炎治疗无效后急诊行腹腔镜探查术,术中诊断盆...     

Construction of AP003469.4-miRNAs-mRNAs ceRNA network to reveal potential biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma

Studies have reported that the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks are related to disease progression and prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The roles and mechanisms of long-chain non-coding RNA AP003469.4 in HCC have remained unclear. Here, we explored the roles of AP003469.4 in HCC progression using bioinformatics, CCK-8, Transwell assay, etc. AP003469.4 targets miRNAs and these target genes were predicted by the LncBase Predicted v.2, miRDB, miRTarBase, and TargetScan databases. Then, AP003469.4-associated ceRNA network was constructed. Biological functions and mechanisms of differentially expressed genes in the ceRNA network were explored using GO and KEGG. Survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to screen prognostic genes and construct a prognostic risk model. The results revealed that AP003469.4, with the area under the curve of 0.9048, was highly expressed in HCC tissues. Increased expression of AP003469.4 was an independent risk factor for the dismal prognosis of HCC patients and was associated with the short overall and disease-free survival. Downregulation of AP003469.4 expression inhibited cell proliferation, cycle transition, invasion, and migration, and promoted cell apoptosis. There were 489 differentially expressed target genes in the ceRNA network, which were involved in several pathways, such as the MAPK signaling pathway, cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathway. The risk model was based on the DTYMK, ZFC3H1, CBX2, PKM, TTC26, ATG10, TAGLN2, CD3EAP, SHISA9, SLC1A5, KPNA2, SCML2, E2F7, and SMARCD1, which were the independent risk factors for poor prognosis of HCC patients. In general, interference with AP003469.4 expression might delay the progression of HCC. AP003469.4 related network could help to identify the hub target molecules in HCC progression, which might be candidate biomarkers for evaluating the prognosis of HCC patients.     

个体化免疫诱导方案在肾移植中的应用进展

肾移植术后早期急性排斥反应发生的风险较高,严重影响受者的生存质量。2009年,改善全球肾脏病预后组织（KDIGO）建议将免疫诱导药物纳入肾移植术前免疫诱导方案中,其目的就是针对这一关键时期提供一定强度的免疫抑制,从而有效减少术后急性排斥反应的发生。目前全球各移植中心对于免疫诱导药物的选择及其有效性、安全性仍不确定。本文通过汲取国内外学者的研究成果,对比分析单克隆抗体包括白细胞介素-2受体拮抗剂、阿伦单抗、利妥昔单抗及多克隆抗体抗胸腺细胞球蛋白在肾移植术前免疫诱导中的应用效果,旨在为推动肾移植免疫诱导药物的个体化选择,提高受者的生存质量提供参考。     

靶向肿瘤相关巨噬细胞治疗卵巢癌的研究进展

摘 要：肿瘤微环境对卵巢癌的进展具有重要的调控作用。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs）是肿瘤微环境重要的组成部分。众所周知,TAMs通过调节肿瘤微环境在肿瘤进展中发挥重要作用。目前关于TAMs与肿瘤相互作用的模式包括消耗TAMs,减少TAMs募集、削弱TAMs吞噬能力、诱导M2 TAMs凋亡和向M1样表型转化、抑制M2 TAMs的极化、调节TAMs极化等。靶向肿瘤相关巨噬细胞是改善免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境和提高肿瘤免疫治疗的一种有前景的策略。