Diffraction tomography using arbitrary transmitter and receiver surfaces

The theory of diffraction tomography for two-dimensional objects within the Born approximation is presented for cases where the scattered field is measured over arbitrarily shaped boundaries surrounding the object. Reconstruction algorithms are presented for both plane wave (parallel beam) and cylindrical wave (fan beam) insonification. Special attention is devoted to cases where the measurement and source boundaries are either lines or circles. The theory and algorithms presented are shown to be readily extended to the case of three-dimensional objects.     

黄秋葵多糖调控p73反义RNA 1T对宫颈癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 探讨黄秋葵多糖调控p73反义RNA 1T(TP73-AS1)对宫颈癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,及其作用机制.方法 实验分为对照组(正常DMEM培养基),低、中、高剂量实验组(分别用含0.6,1.2,1.8 mg·mL-1黄秋葵多糖的DMEM培养基)、si-NC组(转染TP73-AS1阴性对照质粒)、si-TP73-A...     

A prospective study of the impact of diabetes mellitus on restrictive and obstructive lung function impairment: The Saku study

BackgroundTo assess the impact of diabetes on restrictive and obstructive lung function impairment.MethodsThis 5-year prospective study included 7524 participants aged 40–69 years without lung function impairment at baseline who underwent a comprehensive medical check-up between April 2008 and March 2009 at Saku Central Hospital. Diabetes was defined by fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl), HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol), or a history of diabetes, as determined by interviews conducted by the physicians. Restrictive and obstructive lung function impairment were defined as forced vital capacity (FVC) < 80% predicted and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) to FVC ratio (FEV₁/FVC) < 0.70, respectively. Participants were screened until they developed restrictive or obstructive lung function impairment or until March 2014.ResultsDuring the follow-up period, 171 and 639 individuals developed restrictive and obstructive lung function impairment, respectively. Individuals with diabetes had a 1.6-fold higher risk of restrictive lung function impairment than those without diabetes after adjusting for sex, age, height, abdominal obesity, smoking status, exercise habits, systolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, log-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and baseline lung function [multivariable-adjusted HR and 95% CI; 1.57 (1.04–2.36)]. In contrast, individuals with diabetes did not have a significantly higher risk of obstructive lung function impairment [multivariable-adjusted HR and 95% CI; 0.93 (0.72–1.21)].ConclusionDiabetes was associated with restrictive lung function impairment but not obstructive lung function impairment.     

HepaRG culture in tethered spheroids as an in vitro three‐dimensional model for drug safety screening

Conventional two‐dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures of HepaRG cells allow in vitro maintenance of many liver‐specific functions. However, cellular dedifferentiation and functional deterioration over an extended culture period in the conventional 2D HepaRG culture have hampered its applications in drug testing. To address this issue, we developed tethered spheroids of HepaRG cells on Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) and galactose‐conjugated substratum with an optimized hybrid ratio as an in vitro three‐dimensional (3D) human hepatocyte model. The liver‐specific gene expression level and drug metabolizing enzyme activities in HepaRG‐tethered spheorids were markedly higher than those in 2D cultures throughout the culture period of 7 days. The inducibility of three major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, namely CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4, was improved in both mRNA and activity level in tethered spheroids. Drug‐induced cytotoxic responses to model hepatotoxins (acetaminophen, chlorpromazine and ketoconazole) in tethered spheroids were comparable to 2D cultures as well as other studies in the literature. Our results suggested that the HepaRG‐tethered spheroid would be an alternative in vitro model suitable for drug safety screening. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从2019-nCoV和SARS-CoV的侵袭靶点血管紧张素转化酶2寻找新型冠状病毒肺炎的救治策略

自2019年12月以来,新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）感染在中国武汉引发了新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发,并引起了公众的极大关注。2019-nCoV与SARS-CoV均属于冠状病毒科,均通过血管紧张素转化酶2（ACE2）侵入靶细胞。深入了解ACE2及病毒侵入人体后以其为中心引起的一系列病生理变化机制,可能有助于发现并解释相应的临床现象,进而及时予以处理;另外ACE2是潜在的治疗靶点,可以此寻找相应的救治策略。本文阐述了ACE2在2019-nCoV及SARS-CoV所致多脏器损伤中的作用、针对ACE2的靶向阻断药物以及抑制炎性反应的药物,旨在为后续相关研究及诊治、药物研发提供依据。     

冠心病合并终末期肾病治疗决策的选择研究

背景　冠心病合并终末期肾病（ESRD）患者心血管死亡风险高,由于血管病变重,病情复杂,可研究病例数少,现有的研究大部分将其排除在外,关于冠心病合并ESRD患者的最佳治疗决策目前众说纷纭,尚无定论。目的　探讨冠心病合并ESRD患者的最佳治疗策略。方法　选取2012-2018年中日友好医院收治的100例冠心病合并ESRD患者为研究对象,根据冠状动脉造影结果结合心内科和心外科医生判断以及患者的意愿,分为冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）组20例、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）组44例和药物治疗组36例,比较各组住院期间并发症发生率、病死率、随访期间全因死亡率、心源性死亡率、主要不良心血管事件（MACE）发生率。结果　CABG组、PCI组、药物治疗组患者住院期间并发症发生率分别为15.0%（3/20）、11.4%（5/44）、11.1%（4/36）,病死率分别为15.0%（3/20）、9.1%（4/44）、8.3%（3/36）,随访期间全因死亡率分别为40.0%（8/20）、36.4%（16/44）、27.8%（10/36）,心源性死亡率分别为15.0%（3/20）、27.3%（12/44）、16.7%（6/36）,MACE发生率分别为20.0%（4/20）、36.4%（16/44）、33.3%（12/36）,三组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　对于冠心病合并ESRD患者,选择血运重建治疗相对于药物保守治疗,并无明显优势。     

基于安德森模型的多重慢病患者就医机构选择及影响因素研究

背景　近年来,多重慢病现象严重。探究多重慢病患者就医机构选择及其影响因素,有利于引导多重慢病患者有序就医,进而推动有序就医格局的形成和医疗卫生资源的优化。目的　了解多重慢病患者就医机构选择及其影响因素,为推动分级诊疗制度和合理配置卫生资源提供参考依据。方法　于2019年8-11月,基于安德森健康行为模型,利用中国家庭追踪调查2016年数据,根据研究需要筛选出患有2种及以上慢性病的成人样本（n=666）,通过前倾因素（性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度）,使能因素（户口性质、家庭成员数、年收入、医疗保险、照护人员、看病点满意度、看病点水平）,需求因素（健康状况、健康变化情况、因病住院、两周不适）建立影响多重慢病患者就医机构选择的多因素Logistic回归模型。结果　被调查的666例多重慢病患者中,83例（12.5%）以诊所为一般就医机构,71例（10.7%）以社区卫生服务站或村卫生室为一般就医机构,104例（15.6%）以社区卫生服务中心或乡镇卫生院为一般就医机构,58例（8.7%）以专科医院为一般就医机构,350例（52.6%）以综合医院为一般就医机构。不同年龄、户口性质、家庭成员数、年收入、医疗保险、看病点水平、因病住院情况的多重慢病患者就医机构选择情况比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明：前倾因素中的年龄变量,使能因素中的户口性质变量、家庭成员数变量、年收入变量、医疗保险变量、看病点水平变量,需求因素中的因病住院变量是影响多重慢病患者就医机构选择的因素（P<0.05）。结论　应完善区域卫生规划,通过网格化划分服务范围合理配置卫生资源以满足多重慢病患者就诊需求;提高基层医疗卫生机构服务能力,积极转变卫生服务提供模式,为多重慢病患者提供优质高效的医疗卫生服务,吸引多重慢病患者基层首诊;提高多重慢病患者的医疗保障力度,为低收入患者和重点人群形成全方位、多层次的社会保障网络体系;加大宣传教育,使多重慢病患者树立科学就医观念以改变传统就医模式,推动分级诊疗制度的实施。     

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positive Warthin Tumor in a Contralateral Cervical Lymph Node Mimicking Metastasis in Tongue Cancer Staging With PET/CT

ABSTRACT: We report F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positive Warthin tumor in a contralateral cervical lymph node mimicking metastasis in tongue cancer staging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography.