PFNA与InterTan治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床效果比较

目的比较股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)与InterTan治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2017年1月~2018年8月南通大学附属南京江北医院骨科中心符合标准的147例老年(≥65岁)股骨转子间骨折患者的临床资料,其中采用PFNA治疗的75例,采用InterTan治疗的72例。比较两组患者的一般资料(年龄、基础疾病、骨折分型等)、临床资料(手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数等)、髋关节并发症(再次骨折、髋内翻等)、内固定相关并发症(如头钉切割、内固定断裂、松动等)及髋关节Harris评分。结果两组患者均顺利手术,均获得随访12~18个月,平均随访(13.54±1.68)个月。在术中出血量、术中透视次数、手术时间、开始负重时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间及围手术期并发症方面,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组在髋关节及内固定相关并发症方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但PFNA组发生率明显高于InterTan组;术后随访1、3、6及12个月髋关节Harris评分,两组差异无统计学意义(P>>0.05),但InterTan组Harris评分高于PFNA组。结论两组治疗老年股骨转子间骨折都具有比较好的疗效,均具有手术时间短、术中出血量少、生物力学优势及稳定性的优点,但InterTan术后髋关节及内固定并发症的发生率低及术后髋关节功能恢复良好。     

Innate lymphocytes: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of liver diseases and cancer

The liver is a lymphoid organ with unique immunological properties, particularly, its predominant innate immune system. The balance between immune tolerance and immune activity is critical to liver physiological functions and is responsible for the sensitivity of this organ to numerous diseases, including hepatotropic virus infection, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, and liver cancer, which are major health problems globally. In the past decade, with the discovery of liver-resident natural killer cells, the importance of innate lymphocytes with tissue residency has gradually become the focus of research. In this review, we address the current knowledge regarding hepatic innate lymphocytes with unique characteristics, including NK cells, ILC1/2/3s, NKT cells, γδ T cells, and MAIT cells, and their potential roles in liver homeostasis maintenance and the progression of liver diseases and cancer. A better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of hepatic innate lymphocytes will be helpful for proposing effective treatments for liver diseases and cancer.     

Spaceflight and simulated microgravity suppresses macrophage development via altered RAS/ERK/NFκB and metabolic pathways

Spaceflight-associated immune system weakening ultimately limits the ability of humans to expand their presence beyond the earth''s orbit. A mechanistic study of microgravity-regulated immune cell function is necessary to overcome this challenge. Here, we demonstrate that both spaceflight (real) and simulated microgravity significantly reduce macrophage differentiation, decrease macrophage quantity and functional polarization, and lead to metabolic reprogramming, as demonstrated by changes in gene expression profiles. Moreover, we identified RAS/ERK/NFκB as a major microgravity-regulated pathway. Exogenous ERK and NFκB activators significantly counteracted the effect of microgravity on macrophage differentiation. In addition, microgravity also affects the p53 pathway, which we verified by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Collectively, our data reveal a new mechanism for the effects of microgravity on macrophage development and provide potential molecular targets for the prevention or treatment of macrophage differentiation deficiency in spaceflight.     

游离上臂外侧穿支皮瓣修复手部中、小面积皮肤缺损的临床疗效

目的探讨应用游离上臂外侧穿支皮瓣修复手部中、小面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012年4月至2018年5月内蒙古医科大学第三附属医院手足踝外科采用上臂外侧穿支皮瓣修复伴有深部组织外露的手部软组织缺损19例,其中男17例,女2例;平均年龄(27±4)(23~45)岁,左侧8例,右侧11例;致伤原因:机器挤压伤12例,电击伤、烧伤6例,外伤瘢痕挛缩1例;修复部位:示指7例,中指3例,手指并手背6例,手掌、背侧2例,虎口区1例;合并掌骨、指骨骨折10例,伸、屈肌腱断裂12例,急诊予清创、骨折复位克氏针内固定,断裂肌腱断端吻合,缺损面积:2.0 cm×4.0 cm~5.0 cm×9.5 cm。6~9 d后,予皮瓣修复,皮瓣大小:3.5 cm×5.5 cm~7.0 cm×11.0 cm。术后密切观察皮瓣颜色、温度、肿胀及毛细血管返流情况,予常规抗炎、抗凝、解痉治疗、石膏固定3周,开始功能康复,并定期随访。结果本组19例皮瓣全部成活,15例获得随访,平均随访时间6个月(3~17个月),按照中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准:优13例,良2例,S3+9例,S35例,S21例,两点辨别觉6~13 mm,皮瓣外观、质地良好。供区除1例植皮外均直接缝合,无明显并发症,肢体活动无影响。结论上臂外侧穿支皮瓣血管解剖恒定,血供可靠,操作简便,皮瓣厚薄适中,感觉恢复良好,外形较美观,供区创伤小,是修复手部中、小面积软组织缺损(﹤15.0 cm)的一种有效可行的方法。     

miR-145-5p靶向TPM3通过ERK信号通路抑制甲状腺癌TPC-1细胞侵袭和转移

目的探讨miR-145-5p对甲状腺癌细胞侵袭和转移的影响。方法将miR-145-5p mimic质粒、mimic-NC质粒、TPM3质粒分别或联合转入甲状腺癌细胞,RT-qPCR检测miR-145-5p与TPM3 mRNA的表达,双荧光素酶报告检测靶向关系,Transwell法检测细胞侵袭能力,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Western blot检测ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2的表达;采用裸鼠右后肢腹侧皮下注射构建甲状腺癌移植瘤模型,测定移植瘤体积和重量,免疫组化检测Vimentin的表达,Western blot检测TPM3、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2的表达。结果miR-145-5p在甲状腺癌细胞中低表达,miR-145-5p靶向抑制TPM3表达;miR-145-5p过表达能够明显降低甲状腺癌细胞的侵袭数目和伤口愈合率,并下调p-ERK表达,而TPM3过表达和ERK通路激活剂均可以逆转这些现象;miR-145-5p过表达会使体内移植瘤的重量和体积明显减少,并使移植瘤的Vimentin阳性细胞比率明显减少,TPM3和p-ERK1/2蛋白表达明显下调。结论miR-145-5p靶向TPM3通过ERK信号通路抑制甲状腺癌细胞侵袭和转移。     

Novel spontaneous myelodysplastic syndrome mouse model

BackgroundMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of disorders involving hemopoietic dysfunction leading to leukemia. Although recently progress has been made in identifying underlying genetic mutations, many questions still remain. Animal models of MDS have been produced by introduction of specific mutations. However, there is no spontaneous mouse model of MDS, and an animal model to simulate natural MDS pathogenesis is urgently needed.MethodsIn characterizing the genetically diverse mouse strains of the Collaborative Cross (CC) we observed that one, designated JUN, had abnormal hematological traits. This strain was thus further analyzed for phenotypic and pathological identification, comparing the changes in each cell population in peripheral blood and in bone marrow.ResultsIn a specific‐pathogen free environment, mice of the JUN strain are relatively thin, with healthy appearance. However, in a conventional environment, they become lethargic, develop wrinkled yellow hair, have loose and light stools, and are prone to infections. We found that the mice were cytopenic, which was due to abnormal differentiation of multipotent bone marrow progenitor cells. These are common characteristics of MDS.ConclusionsA mouse strain, JUN, was found displaying spontaneous myelodysplastic syndrome. This strain has the advantage over existing models in that it develops MDS spontaneously and is more similar to human MDS than genetically modified mouse models. JUN mice will be an important tool for pathogenesis research of MDS and for evaluation of new drugs and treatments.     

Chemoradiation-induced changes in systemic inflammatory markers and their prognostic significance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective:Chemoradiation (CRT) may induce a change in systemic inflammatory state which could affect clinical outcomes in oesophageal cancer. We aimed to evaluate the changes and prognostic significance of systemic inflammatory markers following definitive CRT in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:A total of 53 patients treated with concurrent CRT were included in this retrospective analysis. We compared neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) before and after CRT using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated. Univariable and multivariable survival analysis were performed using Cox regression analysis. Clinical univariable survival prognostic factors with p < 0.1 were included in a multivariable cox regression analysis for backward stepwise model selection.Results:Both NLR (median ∆+2.8 [IQR −0.11, 8.62], p < 001) and PLR (median ∆+227 [81.3–523.5], p < 0.001) increased significantly after CRT. Higher levels of pre-CRT, post-CRT and change (∆) in NLR and PLR were associated with inferior OS and PFS. Post-CRT NLR (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.07, p < 0.001), post-CRT platelets (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, p = 0.005), cT-stage (HR 3.83, 95% CI 1.39–10.60, p = 0.01) and RT dose (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.81, p = 0.01) were independent prognostic factors for OS in multivariable analysis. Change in NLR (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.06, p = 0.001), post-CRT platelets (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, p = 0.002), cT-stage (HR 3.98, 95% CI 1.55–10.25, p = 0.004) and RT dose (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.80, p = 0.009) were independent prognostic factors for PFS.Conclusion:Both NLR and PLR increased following definitive CRT. Post-CRT NLR and ∆NLR were associated with adverse survival in oesophageal SCC.Advances in knowledge:We showed that CRT increased PLR and NLR, possibly reflecting a systemic inflammatory state which were associated with poor clinical outcomes in oesophageal SCC.     

Clumped vs non-clumped internal enhancement patterns in linear non-mass enhancement on breast MRI

Objective:To compare positive predictive values (PPVs) of clumped vs non-clumped (homogenous and heterogeneous) internal enhancement on MRI detected linear non-mass enhancement (NME) on MRI-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (MRI-VABB).Methods:With IRB (Institutional Review Board) approval, we retrospectively reviewed 598 lesions undergoing MRI-VABB from January 2015 to April 2018 that showed linear NME. We reviewed the electronic medical records for MRI-VABB pathology, any subsequent surgery and clinical follow-up. The X² test was performed for univariate analysis.Results:There were 120/598 (20%) linear NME MRI-VABB lesions with clumped (52/120, 43%) vs non-clumped (68/120, 57%) internal enhancement, average size 1.8 cm (range 0.6–7.6 cm). On MRI-VABB, cancer was identified in 22/120 (18%) lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was found in 18/22 (82%) and invasive cancer in 4 (18%). 3/31 (10%) high-risk lesions upgraded to DCIS at surgery, for a total of 25/120 (21%) malignancies. Malignancy was found in 12/52 (23%) clumped lesions and in 13/68 (19%) of non-clumped lesions that showed heterogeneous (5/13, 38%) or homogenous (8/13, 62%) internal enhancement. The PPV of linear NME with clumped internal enhancement (23.1%) was not significantly different from the PPV of non-clumped linear NME (19.1%) (p = 0.597). The PPV of linear NME lesions <1 cm (33.3%) was not significantly different from the PPV of lesions ≥1 cm (18.6%) (p = 0.157).Conclusions:Linear NME showed malignancy in 21% of our series. Linear NME with clumped or non-clumped internal enhancement patterns, regardless of lesion size, might need to undergo MRI-VABB in appropriate populations.Advances in knowledge:Evaluation of linear NME lesions on breast MRI focuses especially on internal enhancement pattern.