胸痛三联一站式动态容积 CT 检查的临床价值及意义

目的探讨同侧肺叶切除手术后由于各种原因可能对同侧余肺再次手术切除完成不同期全肺切除与一次性完成全肺切除的临床特点。方法分析本院40年来各种原因以同侧余肺切除完成不同时期全肺切除的患者36例（距第一次肺手术时间1～420个月）。结果全部患者均完成同侧余肺切除,手术后病理检查为余肺结核（31％,11／36）,余肺癌（31％,11／36）,余肺支气管扩张症（8％,3／36）,多发性肺囊肿（8％,3／36）,余肺感染、脓肿、坏死等（22％,8／36）。余肺切除后主要并发症有手术后胸腔感染（22％,8／36）,支气管胸膜瘘（14％,5／36）,严重心血管并发症并导致围手术期死亡（8％,3／36,分别为急性心肌梗死、肺动脉栓塞、恶性心律失常各1例）。结论同侧余肺切除完成不同期全肺切除的主要手术适应证是：①肺结核、肺癌复发;②支气管扩张症残留症状;③治疗肺叶切除术后余肺严重并发症。手术中出血较一般全肺切除多,术后主要并发症是胸腔内感染、支气管胸膜瘘及循环系统并发症。严格手术指征、了解第一次肺手术的全过程、提高手术技巧减少手术中出血、严谨的围手术期处理是余肺切除术取得成功的关键因素,对于同侧余肺切除完成不同期全肺切除如果手术适应证正确,围手术期处理得当,其临床结果是令人满意的。     

洞庭湖区居民接触疫水行为方式与社会经济因素的关系探讨

目的 研究洞庭湖区居民接触疫水行为方式与社会经济因素的关系. 方法 在洞庭湖区常德市、岳阳市、益阳市三地,采取随机抽样方法,对当地居民及医院血吸虫病患者进行个人问卷调查,收集年龄、性别、职业、学历、家庭收入、家庭居住区域等个人及家庭基本情况,了解其接触疫水的季节、地点、具体途径等行为方式.利用SPSS软件,应用logistic回归模型分析居民接触疫水行为方式与社会经济因素的关系. 结果 回收有效调查问卷148份.Logistic回归分析显示：从事农业生产的群体如农渔民,常使用传统、改造性不强的厕所、以及年龄较大的群体通过生产劳动接触疫水的频率更高;女性,学历较低,常使用传统、改造性不强的厕所,以及年龄较大的群体更容易在生活中接触疫水;男性,从事非农化职业如公务员、学生等,学历越高,以及年龄较小的群体通过娱乐方式接触疫水的情况更多. 结论 洞庭湖区居民接触疫水行为方式受当地的社会经济因素影响.     

门静脉及肠系膜上静脉血栓合并肺血栓栓塞症1例及文献复习

目的 提高临床医师对“临床不典型”及“来源不明”肺血栓栓塞症（pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE）的诊断意识.方法 对1例肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉及肠系膜上静脉血栓合并PTE患者的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学特征等方面进行病例分析及文献复习.结果 肝硬化脾肿大患者脾切除术后易合并栓塞,如门静脉血栓、肠系膜静脉血栓、PTE等,因虑及肝硬化、肝功能不全,凝血功能异常,并发血栓栓塞时抗凝治疗需严密监测.结论 肝硬化患者脾切除术后,免疫功能低下,除易并发感染外,PTE也易发生,尤其在临床征象不典型时,易漏诊和误诊,除原位血栓外,发生“来源不明”的PTE,需注意排查肠系膜静脉血栓.     

树鼩实验室规范化繁育研究初报

目的探讨树鼩最佳养殖环境及条件。方法详细记载实验室养殖树鼩的体重变化,饲养环境,分笼时间,受孕,分娩等情况,比较分析其最佳的养殖条件。结果通过各种饲养条件的比较,如繁育种树鼩的选择,条件的选择,饲养方式的优化,垫料的选择及饮食的标准化等,均有助于改善树鼩的养殖状态。结论实验室环境内,通过条件优化,近距离观察树鼩有助于树鼩品系的优化改良。     

Increased stability of phosphatase and tensin homolog by intermedin leading to scavenger receptor A inhibition of macrophages reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice

Intermedin, a novel member of calcitonin gene-related peptide family, is an endogenous cardiovascular-protective peptide. Because intermedin exists in human atherosclerotic plaque, we studied the role of intermedin in macrophage scavenger receptor A (SR-A)-mediated foam-cell formation and atherogenesis. In an in vitro foam-cell formation model (induced by acetylated low-density lipoprotein [AcLDL]) with mouse (C57BL/6J) macrophages, intermedin reduced AcLDL uptake and binding, decreased intracellular cholesterol content, and suppressed both mRNA and protein levels of SR-A. Simultaneously, intermedin increased phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein levels by increasing PTEN phosphorylation and inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated PTEN degradation. These effects were blocked by the intermedin receptor antagonist or cAMP-protein kinase A inhibitors. PTEN overexpression mimicked the inhibitory effects of intermedin on SR-A expression and AcLDL uptake. However, knockdown of PTEN by short-hairpin RNA completely blocked all inhibitory effects of intermedin. Furthermore, in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice, 6-week intermedin infusion reduced AcLDL uptake and SR-A mRNA and protein levels and increased PTEN protein level in peritoneal macrophages. PTEN level was increased and SR-A expression decreased in parallel in macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, intermedin inhibited atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) mice. Increased stability of PTEN by intermedin leads to SR-A inhibition in macrophages, which ameliorates foam-cell formation and atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) mice.     

A common X-linked inborn error of carnitine biosynthesis may be a risk factor for nondysmorphic autism

We recently reported a deletion of exon 2 of the trimethyllysine hydroxylase epsilon (TMLHE) gene in a proband with autism. TMLHE maps to the X chromosome and encodes the first enzyme in carnitine biosynthesis, 6-N-trimethyllysine dioxygenase. Deletion of exon 2 of TMLHE causes enzyme deficiency, resulting in increased substrate concentration (6-N-trimethyllysine) and decreased product levels (3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine) in plasma and urine. TMLHE deficiency is common in control males (24 in 8,787 or 1 in 366) and was not significantly increased in frequency in probands from simplex autism families (9 in 2,904 or 1 in 323). However, it was 2.82-fold more frequent in probands from male-male multiplex autism families compared with controls (7 in 909 or 1 in 130; P = 0.023). Additionally, six of seven autistic male siblings of probands in male-male multiplex families had the deletion, suggesting that TMLHE deficiency is a risk factor for autism (metaanalysis Z-score = 2.90 and P = 0.0037), although with low penetrance (2-4%). These data suggest that dysregulation of carnitine metabolism may be important in nondysmorphic autism; that abnormalities of carnitine intake, loss, transport, or synthesis may be important in a larger fraction of nondysmorphic autism cases; and that the carnitine pathway may provide a novel target for therapy or prevention of autism.