Hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma

AIM: To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, immunophenotype and TCR gene rearrangements of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in eight Chinese patients. METHODS: Eight Chinese patients with hepatosplenic 76 T-cell lymphomas were studied. Hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides and clinical histories were reviewed. We also carried out immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD43, CD56, CD79a, UCHL-1, and TCR γδ. Rearrangements of TCR gamma and delta chain genes were also studied. RESULTS: The spleens were enlarged and the cut surfaces were homogeneous and red-purple in color without identifiable gross lesions or enlarged hilar lymph nodes. Histologically, lymphoma cells infiltrated the cords of Billroth and often packed the sinuses. Liver biopsy showed lymphoma cell infiltrations in the sinusoids, and three cases showed involvements of the portal tracts. Immunohistochemically lymphoma cells were positive for CD3, CD43, and CD56 in all cases. Four of eight cases were positive for CD8, and all cases were negative for CD4 (6/6). Monoclonal rearrangements of TCR y gene were demonstrated by PCR analysis in five out of the eight cases. TCR δ gene rearrangements were detected in six out of the eight cases, which demonstrated single bands on PAGE gel, and the amplification products in two cases were confirmed by sequencing. CONCLUSION: The clinicopathology of hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma in Chinese patients is similar to what was previously reported except that the splenomegaly is not so massive, and CD8 is positive.     

低硒高镉对大鼠免疫功能及过氧化作用影响的研究

用克山病病区粮或加硒和加镉的病区粮喂养Ｓ．Ｄ大鼠，１～２个月后取其组织进行分析。结果显示：用病区粮饲养大鼠，可使大鼠免疫器官的发育发生障碍，低硒和高镉对大鼠组织的损伤呈现相加作用，加硒可拮抗镉的部分毒性，组织中脂质过氧化物水平与循环免疫复合物的含量呈显著正相关，与还原型谷胱甘肽含量呈显著负相关。说明克山病的致病因素是复杂的，低硒是主要的致病因素，高镉则加重其危害程度，并可能涉及自身免疫病理过程。     

Malignancy in dermatomyositis and polymyositis: analysis of 192 patients

This study aims to investigate the prevalence and predictive risk factors of malignancy in patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). The medical records of 192 PM/DM patients followed up in a medical center between January 2000 and December 2013 were reviewed. Among the 192 patients, 33 patients (17.2 %) had associated cancer. Both PM and DM are significantly associated with cancer, although the risk of cancer appears to be somewhat higher among patients with DM (23.0 %) than among those with PM (8.9 %). Nasopharyngeal cancer (30.3 %) and breast cancer (18.2 %) comprised the most common malignant diseases associated with PM/DM. Univariate analysis showed that an older age at PM/DM onset, heliotrope rash, Gottron’s sign, dysphagia, and low creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level were associated with increased malignancy. Multivariate analysis revealed that independent predictors of malignancy in PM/DM were age >40 years at PM/DM onset (adjusted OR 3.44; 95 % CI 1.08–10.98; p?=?0.037) and heliotrope rash (adjusted OR 2.96; 95 % CI 1.04–8.43; p?=?0.042). During the follow-up period, 66 (34.4 %) patients died and the overall patient survival rates were 83.1 % at 1 year, 78.9 % at 2 years, 74.2 % at 5 years, and 65.5 % at 10 years. This study demonstrates a high frequency of malignancy (17.2 %) in DM/PM patients. Nasopharyngeal cancer and breast cancer were the most common cancer types in DM/PM patients in our study. Cancer screening should be offered to patients with newly diagnosed DM/PM. Moreover, all patients should be evaluated for the possibility of an underlying malignancy during treatment.     

基质金属蛋白酶-9在脑缺血过程中的双重作用

基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)是MMP家庭中的一员,可特异性降解细胞外基质。脑缺血早期(1～3d),MMP-9可通过降解基底膜及内皮细胞紧密连接破坏血脑屏障,导致继发性脑水肿和脑出血。脑缺血后期(7～14d),MMP-9则能促进神经血管再生,有利于损伤脑组织的恢复。     

Noninvasive transcutaneous low frequency ultrasound enhances thrombolysis in peripheral and coronary arteries

Previous studies have shown that external ultrasound with low frequencies and high intensities can enhance thrombolytic drug-induced clot dissolution during in vitro experiments. In this series of studies, we evaluated the efficacy of peripheral and coronary thrombolysis in vivo in animals by using noninvasive transcutaneous ultrasound combined with thrombolytic drugs (streptokinase and tPA) and/or microbubbles agents (dodecafluoropentane [DDFP] and perfluorocarbon-exposed sonicated dextrose albumin [PESDA]). Thrombotic occlusions were induced in 74 rabbit iliofemoral arteries and 24 canine left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries in this in vivo study. By using the combination of transcutaneous ultrasound and streptokinase, the angiographic patency rate in rabbit iliofemoral arteries was higher (56%-100%) than with ultrasound (6%; P < or = 0.0036) and streptokinase alone (6%; P < or = 0.0012). Also, with transcutaneous ultrasound and microbubbles, the angiographic patency rates were 76%-100% as compared with ultrasound alone (0%, P < or = 0.0003) or microbubbles alone (9%, P < or = 0.0001). In the canine study of acute myocardial infarction, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade flow at 90 minutes in the tPA alone group was 0.92 +/- 1.4 as compared with 2.42 +/- 1.9 in the tPA plus transthoracic ultrasound group (P = 0.006). There was much improved reperfusion with tPA plus ultrasound as compared with tPA alone. In vivo animal studies demonstrate that noninvasive transcutaneous ultrasound can greatly enhance the effect of clot dissolution with thrombolytic drugs and/or microbubbles, and has the potential for clinical application as an adjunctive method to improve arterial thrombolysis.     

活血化瘀类方干预急性心肌缺血犬心肌组织病理改变及心肌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的：观察活血化瘀类方对心肌细胞凋亡干预作用。方法：采用结扎冠状动脉左前降支的方法复制急性心肌缺血模型，35条犬随机分成对照组、心肌缺血组、丹参饮组、血府逐瘀汤组、失笑散组、活络效灵丹组、桃红四物汤组，每组5条。采用HE染色及DNA末端标记法(TUNEL)分别观察心肌组织病理变化与心肌细胞凋亡的变化。结果：对照组无细胞变性与坏死。仅见极少量凋亡阳性细胞：心肌缺血组与失笑散组有明显心肌组织坏死，心肌细胞凋亡增多；丹参饮组、血府逐瘀汤组、活络效灵丹组、桃红四物汤组心肌细胞坏死及凋亡均显著减轻。结论：血府逐瘀汤、活络效灵丹、桃红四物汤、丹参饮可有效抑制心肌细胞坏死及凋亡．减轻心肌细胞损伤，对缺血心肌有保护作用，而失笑散对急性缺血心肌无明显保护作用。