全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13574篇 |
免费 | 674篇 |
国内免费 | 85篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 146篇 |
儿科学 | 238篇 |
妇产科学 | 281篇 |
基础医学 | 1717篇 |
口腔科学 | 223篇 |
临床医学 | 828篇 |
内科学 | 3394篇 |
皮肤病学 | 268篇 |
神经病学 | 961篇 |
特种医学 | 511篇 |
外科学 | 2363篇 |
综合类 | 41篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 393篇 |
眼科学 | 171篇 |
药学 | 1066篇 |
中国医学 | 36篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1695篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 62篇 |
2021年 | 258篇 |
2020年 | 140篇 |
2019年 | 202篇 |
2018年 | 261篇 |
2017年 | 228篇 |
2016年 | 284篇 |
2015年 | 321篇 |
2014年 | 361篇 |
2013年 | 474篇 |
2012年 | 770篇 |
2011年 | 788篇 |
2010年 | 441篇 |
2009年 | 369篇 |
2008年 | 656篇 |
2007年 | 666篇 |
2006年 | 685篇 |
2005年 | 740篇 |
2004年 | 648篇 |
2003年 | 698篇 |
2002年 | 681篇 |
2001年 | 312篇 |
2000年 | 307篇 |
1999年 | 287篇 |
1998年 | 196篇 |
1997年 | 172篇 |
1996年 | 131篇 |
1995年 | 160篇 |
1994年 | 113篇 |
1993年 | 118篇 |
1992年 | 235篇 |
1991年 | 212篇 |
1990年 | 191篇 |
1989年 | 241篇 |
1988年 | 235篇 |
1987年 | 205篇 |
1986年 | 183篇 |
1985年 | 167篇 |
1984年 | 119篇 |
1983年 | 101篇 |
1982年 | 78篇 |
1981年 | 76篇 |
1980年 | 49篇 |
1979年 | 92篇 |
1978年 | 74篇 |
1977年 | 58篇 |
1976年 | 55篇 |
1975年 | 55篇 |
1974年 | 56篇 |
1973年 | 44篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
101.
Wakabayashi Y Watanabe H Inoue J Takeda N Sakata J Mishima Y Hitomi J Yamamoto T Utsuyama M Niwa O Aizawa S Kominami R 《Nature immunology》2003,4(6):533-539
The gene Bcl11b, which encodes zinc finger proteins, and its paralog, Bcl11a, are associated with immune-system malignancies. We have generated Bcl11b-deficient mice that show a block at the CD4-CD8- double-negative stage of thymocyte development without any impairment in cells of B- or gammadelta T cell lineages. The Bcl11b-/- thymocytes showed unsuccessful recombination of V(beta) to D(beta) and lacked the pre-T cell receptor (TCR) complex on the cell surface, owing to the absence of Tcrb mRNA expression. In addition, we saw profound apoptosis in the thymus of neonatal Bcl11b-/- mice. These results suggest that Bcl11b is a key regulator of both differentiation and survival during thymocyte development. 相似文献
102.
Hashii Koji; Fujiwara Hiroshi; Yoshioka Shinya; Kataoka Nobuhiko; Yamada Shigetoshi; Hirano Takeshi; Mori Takahide; Fujii Shingo; Maeda Michiyuki 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(10):2738-2744
Human luteal cells have been reported to express human leukocyteantigen-DR and lymphocyte functional antigen-3 on the cell surface,suggesting physiological interaction between luteal cells andT-lymphocytes through the menstrual cycle into early pregnancy.To elucidate the role of peripheral lymphocytes on corpus luteumdifferentiation, the effect of peripheral blood mononuclearcells (PBMC) on steroidogenesis by luteal cells was investigated.The production of Th-2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4and IL-10 by the co-cultured cells was also examined, and theeffects of these cytokines on progesterone production by lutealcells were investigated. Corpora lutea were obtained from eightnon-pregnant women in the luteal phase and five women in earlypregnancy for luteal cell culture. PBMC were isolated from unrelatedwomen in the follicular phase, secretory phase, and early pregnancy.After co-culture with allogenic PBMC for 48 h, progesteroneproduction was significantly enhanced by PBMC from the secretoryphase and early pregnancy in the non-pregnant luteal cell culture.In the pregnant luteal cell culture, a significant increasein progesterone production was also observed by the co-culturewith PBMC from women in early pregnancy, showing that PBMC havea luteotrophic effect. The stimulatory effects of PBMC werealso observed in co-culture conditions which prevented directcell-to-cell interaction with luteal cells, showing the minorinfluence of mixed lymphocyte reaction. By co-culture with PBMC,the production of IL-10, but not IL-4, was significantly augmentedin luteal cell culture derived from non-pregnant women, whereasthe production of both IL-4 and IL-10 was significantly enhancedin the luteal cell culture derived from pregnant women. Moreover,IL-4 and IL-10 promoted progesterone production by culturedluteal cells, especially in the luteal cell culture derivedfrom corpora lutea of early pregnancy. These findings indicatethat PBMC stimulate progesterone production by luteal cellsand suggest the involvement of PBMC in corpus luteum functionand differentiation probably via the Th-2-type lymphocytes. 相似文献
103.
Microplate hybridization for Borna disease virus RNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
S Fujiwara H Takahashi T Nakaya Y Nakamura K Nakamura K Iwahashi H Kazamatsuri S Iritani N Kuroki K Ikeda K Ikuta 《Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI》1997,4(3):387-391
We developed a simple and sensitive microplate hybridization procedure with which to identify Borna disease virus cDNA in amplified products from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The mean values for the positive PCR products were significant compared with those for any of the negative products, indicating that this method can be applied to rapidly diagnose a large number of clinical specimens. 相似文献
104.
Tadao Fukushima Yoji Nagashima Yukio Nakatani Nobuko Nakarnura Kiyoshi Fukasawa Yoshiaki Satomi Ken Yu Yohei Miyagi Ichiro Aoki Kazuaki Misugi 《Pathology international》1994,44(5):401-406
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a recently established subtype of RCC, which has rarely been reported in Japan. In this communication, the authors report two Japanese cases of chromophobe RCC together with the immunohistochemical findings. The tumors were composed of sheets and cribriform glands formed by tumor cells with cloudy and reticular cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm was filled with numerous microvesicles. The tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and Tamm-Horsfall protein. Occasionally, LeuM1-positive cells were also noted. Vimentin was negative, unlike the usual RCC. Reactivity for peanut agglutinin was more frequent than that to Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin. The results of this study suggest that the tumor cellq possessed phenotypes similar to the distal nephron rather than to the proximal tubular cells. 相似文献
105.
Deborah U Frank Sarah A Elliott Eon Joo Park Jennetta Hammond Yukio Saijoh Anne M Moon 《Developmental dynamics》2007,236(4):1085-1092
We targeted the reverse tetracycline controlled transactivator (rtTA) to the Foxa2 locus (Foxa2(ITA)) to generate a system for regulating Cre-recombinase activity within Foxa2 expression domains, including the endoderm, notochord, and floor plate of early mouse embryos. The use of an internal ribosomal entry site to obtain rtTA expression preserves Foxa2 function of the targeted allele. Cre activity with this system reflects the level of endogenous Foxa2 activity and is also tightly controlled by doxycycline. The location of Cre activity within the broader Foxa2 expression domain can be restricted by altering the timing of doxycycline administration. Isolated floor plate expression can be obtained in this manner. This system will provide a useful tool for manipulating gene expression in endoderm, notochord, and floor plate, all of which are tissues with important structural and patterning functions during embryogenesis. 相似文献
106.
Ichiya Yamazaki MD PhD Norihisa Karube MD PhD Tamitaro Soma MD Yasuharu Noishiki MD PhD Yukio Ichikawa MD PhD 《Journal of artificial organs》2005,8(1):67-70
The aim of this study was to test the safety and efficacy of fragmented autologous adipose tissue (FAT) grafts for revascularization in aortoiliac occlusive disease. Twenty-seven patients with atherosclerotic aortoiliac occlusive disease underwent surgical treatment using FAT grafts. A piece of adipose connective tissue was obtained from the operative wound, cut into small pieces, and pressed into the wall of a fabric vascular prosthesis. Cumulative primary patency rates were 92% at 1 year, 92% at 3 years, and 86% at 6 years. Cumulative secondary patency rates were 96%, 96%, and 90% for the same intervals. In this clinical study, the FAT grafts demonstrated good long-term patency rates and no particular problems. This is the first clinical report of long-term outcomes using FAT grafts for aortofemoral or aortoiliac bypasses. FAT grafts are thus safe for revascularization in aortoiliac occlusive disease. 相似文献
107.
Complete genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1 and comparison with Pyrococcus genomes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5 下载免费PDF全文
The genus Thermococcus, comprised of sulfur-reducing hyperthermophilic archaea, belongs to the order Thermococcales in Euryarchaeota along with the closely related genus Pyrococcus. The members of Thermococcus are ubiquitously present in natural high-temperature environments, and are therefore considered to play a major role in the ecology and metabolic activity of microbial consortia within hot-water ecosystems. To obtain insight into this important genus, we have determined and annotated the complete 2,088,737-base genome of Thermococcus kodakaraensis strain KOD1, followed by a comparison with the three complete genomes of Pyrococcus spp. A total of 2306 coding DNA sequences (CDSs) have been identified, among which half (1165 CDSs) are annotatable, whereas the functions of 41% (936 CDSs) cannot be predicted from the primary structures. The genome contains seven genes for probable transposases and four virus-related regions. Several proteins within these genetic elements show high similarities to those in Pyrococcus spp., implying the natural occurrence of horizontal gene transfer of such mobile elements among the order Thermococcales. Comparative genomics clarified that 1204 proteins, including those for information processing and basic metabolisms, are shared among T. kodakaraensis and the three Pyrococcus spp. On the other hand, among the set of 689 proteins unique to T. kodakaraensis, there are several intriguing proteins that might be responsible for the specific trait of the genus Thermococcus, such as proteins involved in additional pyruvate oxidation, nucleotide metabolisms, unique or additional metal ion transporters, improved stress response system, and a distinct restriction system. 相似文献
108.
Endothelin synthesis and receptors in human endometrium throughout the normal menstrual cycle 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kubota Toshiro; Taguchi Makoto; Kamada Shusaku; Imai Taihei; Hirata Yukio; Marumo Fumiaki; Aso Takeshi 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1995,10(8):2204-2213
This study was undertaken to investigate the presence of messengerRNA (mRNA) for prepro-endothelin-I (ET-1) and the known receptorsubtypes (ETA and ETB) in human endometrium at different stagesof the menstrual cycle obtained at hysterectomy. Northern blotanalysis revealed expression of ET-1 mRNA in human endometriumduring the normal menstrual cycle. The concentration of ET-1mRNA in endometrial tissue was greater during the menstrualand proliferative phases than during the ovulatory and secretoryphases. Immunoreactive ET-1 was secreted into the medium ofisolated endometrial stromal cells. Oestradiol and progesteronesignificantly attenuated ET-1 release in endometrial stromalcells cultured for 6 days. ETA and ETB mRNA were also presentin endometrial tissue of the normal cycle. The concentrationof ETA receptor mRNA was greater in the proliferative phasethan in the secretory phase, whereas expression of ETB mRNAincreased in menstrual phase. ET-1 significantly increased extracellularaccumulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP), intracellular generationof inositol phosphates and significantly enhanced DNA synthesisin cultured endometrial stromal cells from the proliferativephase. Our results showed that human endometrial cells synthesizedand released ET-1, and contained ETA and ETB receptors whichwere functionally coupled to phosphoinositide breakdown andto adenylate cyclase with the increase of cAMP by ET-1 stimulation.Our findings suggest that ET-1 may have a potential autocrineand/or paracrine function in human endometrial stromal cells. 相似文献
109.
Satoshi Mochida Itsuro Ogata Yasuhiko Ohta Teruaki Oka Kenji Fujiwara 《Pathology international》1991,41(3):217-220
In order to investigate superoxide production by pulmonary macrophages in the rat, a route was created by ligating both the inferior and superior venae cavae and resecting the aorta after cannulation through the inferior vena cava into the right atrium of the heart. Lung perfusion was performed via this route with nitro blue tetrazolium. Although there was no formazan deposition throughout the lung, it became detectable in both alveolar and interstitial macrophages when phorbol myristate acetate was added to the perfusate. This deposition was markedly enhanced by previous injection of Corynebacterium parvum. The deposition disappeared after further addition of Cu(Lys)2 , a scavenger of superoxide anions. This procedure may be useful for estimating in situ the ability of pulmonary macrophages to produce superoxide in the rat. 相似文献
110.
Enkhtuvshin Gereltzul Yoshiyuki Baba Naoto Suda Momotoshi Shiga Maristela Sayuri Inoue Michiko Tsuji Insik Shin Yukio Hirata Kimie Ohyama Keiji Moriyama 《Journal of human genetics》2008,53(10):941-946
This is a report of a 27-year-old woman with an unusual de novo chromosomal abnormality. Mosaicism was identified in peripheral
blood cells examined by standard G-bands by trypsin using Giemsa (GTG) analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
analysis with chromosome-18 region-specific probes, 46,XX,del(18)(pter → q21.33:)[41], 46,XX,r(18)(::p11.21 → q21.33::)[8],
and 46,XX,der(18)(pter → q21.33::p11.21 → pter)[1]. On the other hand, the karyotype of periodontal ligament fibroblasts was
nonmosaic, 46,XX, der(18)(pter → q21.33::p11.21 → pter)[50]. All cell lines appeared to be missing a portion of 18q (q21.33 → qter).
The pattern of the dup(18p)/del(18q) in the rod configuration raises the possibility of an inversion in chromosome 18 in one
of the parents. However, no chromosomal anomaly was detected in either parent. The most probable explanation is that de novo
rod and ring configurations arose simultaneously from an intrachromosomal exchange. The unique phenotype of this patient,
which included primary hypothyroidism and primary hypogonadism, is discussed in relation to her karyotype. 相似文献