妊娠压力对大鼠子代早期空间学习记忆能力的影响

【目的】探索妊娠期精神压力对大鼠子代早期空间学习、记忆能力的影响。【方法】实验采取产前束缚压力,建立妊娠期大鼠精神压力暴露模型。然后对子代进行Morris水迷宫测试,分析妊娠期压力对子代早期学习和记忆的影响及性别间的差异,同时检测实验前、后子鼠的血清肾上腺酮的变化。【结果】①在隐蔽平台试验中,对照组的平均潜伏期较实验组短,但差异无显著性(F=0.599,P>0.05)。②在保持力试验中,对照组在原平台所在象限逗留的时间大于实验组,差异有显著性(F=4.588,P<0.05)。③子代血清肾上腺酮的测定结果表明:水迷宫测试前,实验组和对照组相比,差异无显著性(F=0.169,P>0.05);实验后,实验组血清肾上腺酮比对照组高,差异具有显著性(F=6.098,P<0.05)。【结论】①妊娠压力可导致子代学习,记忆能力的改变;②妊娠压力造成子代在应激情况下血清肾上腺酮的过度分泌。③妊娠压力对子代的影响没有明显性别差异。     

Hydronephrosis after aortofemoral bypass graft. A prospective study

This prospective study was designed to determine the frequency and natural history of hydroureteronephrosis (HUN) after placement of an aortobifemoral vascular graft. A total of 30 patients were evaluated by the study protocol, which included: pre and postoperative biological kidney function tests, preoperative and early postoperative (14th day) intravenous pyelograms and a late (mean 18th month) urologic examination by renal ultrasonic tomography. Four asymptomatic, early cases of HUN were observed in the 57 ureters examined (7%); all four complications regressed in less than 30 days. No cases of symptomatic early or late HUN were observed in this series. Asymptomatic early HUN was a frequent complication in our series (7%) but its benign course does not justify systematic screening. These asymptomatic complications contrast with the symptomatic cases of early or late HUN reported in the literature which necessitated urologic and vascular investigations.     

四种口服头孢菌素的体外抗菌活性的比较研究

本文报道口服Cefixime对900株需氧菌和厌氧菌的体外抗菌作用,并与其它口服的头孢克罗、头孢羟氨苄和头孢氨苄进行了比较。Cefixime对链球菌具较强作用,但对葡萄球菌的作用较差;对肠球菌无效。对肠杆菌科细菌的抗菌活性四者之中以Cefixime最强。Cefixime对头孢氨苄耐药株仍具高度活性,其MIC均值可降低60～1200倍以上。绿脓杆菌、硝酸盐阴性杆菌、鲁氏不动杆菌和产碱杆菌对Cefixime和其它3种头孢菌素的敏感性均较差。四者对厌氧菌的作用除厌氧球菌外其抗菌活性都很弱。Cefixime对β-内酰胺酶稳定,口服吸收良好,抗菌作用强,是一个值得进行临床研究的口服头孢菌素。     

Effects of glucose, Trolox-C, and glutathione disulphide on lipid peroxidation and cell death induced by oxidant stress in rat heart.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to find effective protection of myocytes against peroxide induced damage in terms of preservation of contractile activity, protection against lipid peroxidation, and protection against cell death. METHODS: The components of the glutathione redox cycle, the production of malondialdehyde, cell contractions, and enzyme release from myocytes were measured in cultured neonatal rat heart cells before and after administration of cumene hydroperoxide, 80 mumol.litre-1. The protective action was tested of (1) glucose (10 mmol.litre-1) which stimulates the production of NADPH; (2) Trolox-C (0.16 mmol.litre-1) which is a water soluble analogue of alpha tocopherol and a scavenger of free radicals; and (3) GSSG (0.6 mmol.litre-1) which increases the intracellular concentrations of GSH and GSSG. RESULTS: Although the three substances tested were equally effective in reducing the formation of malondialdehyde, exogenous GSSG afforded only slight protection against cumene hydroperoxide induced cell death, whereas glucose and Trolox-C were highly effective protectors. The depressant effect of cumene hydroperoxide on beating frequency was not influenced by preincubation with GSSG, nor by coadministration of glucose, but Trolox-C was able to diminish the negative chronotropic action of cumene hydroperoxide. CONCLUSIONS: Effective protection against cumene hydroperoxide induced lipid peroxidation is not associated per se with effective protection against cumene hydroperoxide induced loss of beating frequency and cell death.     

Prenatal Stress Increases the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Response in Young and Adult Rats

Prenatal stress is considered as an early epigenetic factor able to induce long-lasting alterations in brain structures and functions. It is still unclear whether prenatal stress can induce long-lasting modifications in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. To test this possibility the effects of restraint stress in pregnant rats during the third week of gestation were investigated in the functional properties of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and hippocampal type I and type II corticosteroid receptors in the male offspring at 3, 21 and 90 days of age. Plasma corticosterone was significantly elevated in prenatally-stressed rats at 3 and 21 days after exposure to novelty. At 90 days of age, prenatally-stressed rats showed a longer duration of corticosterone secretion after exposure to novelty. No change was observed for type I and type II receptor densities 3 days after birth, but both receptor subtypes were decreased in the hippocampus of prenatally-stressed offspring at 21 and 90 days of life. These findings suggest that prenatal stress produces long term changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in the offspring.     

Low HIV-1 proviral DNA burden detected by negative polymerase chain reaction in seropositive individuals correlates with slower disease progression.

During 1989, 316 members of a cohort of homosexual men were tested for HIV-specific DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a pair of gag-region primers. Of 125 HIV-seronegative subjects, 123 (98.4%) were PCR-negative while 158 (82.7%) of 191 HIV-seropositive subjects were PCR-positive. Fewer of the 33 subjects who were seropositive and PCR-negative were at Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stage IV than the seropositive, PCR-positive subjects (6 versus 25%; P = 0.030). The seropositive, PCR-negative group had higher mean CD4 counts (640 versus 490 x 10(6) cells/l; P = 0.006), higher CD4: CD8 ratios (0.92 versus 0.64; P = 0.004), lower immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels (1290 versus 1645 mg/dl; P = 0.002), lower IgA levels (168 versus 251 mg/dl; P less than 0.001), and lower C1q binding activity (8 versus 14%; P = 0.010) than the seropositive, PCR-positive subjects. The median rate of CD4 cell decline in the 3 years preceding the PCR sample was less marked in the seropositive, PCR-negative group than the seropositive, PCR-positive group (-58 versus -77 x 10(6) cells/l per year; P = 0.028). To control for duration of infection, we restricted the analysis to the subgroups of 11 seropositive, PCR-negative subjects and 34 seropositive, PCR-positive subjects who had seroconverted earlier in the cohort study. Both subgroups had similar durations of infection, yet the same pattern of differences persisted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Relationship of alcohol consumption to diet: a population-based study in Hawaii

The relationship of alcohol use to diet was examined in 2272 male and 2337 female adults aged 45 y and older who provided a quantitative diet history during 1977-1979. Mean values for each dietary variable, adjusted for smoking, ethnicity, income, and education, were compared in each sex between abstainers and drinkers and by tertile of ethanol intake. Linear relationships with extent of drinking were also sought. Drinkers were found to be less obese than abstainers. Consumption of carbohydrate, vitamins, calcium, fruits, fruit juices, and raw vegetables was greater among abstainers whereas consumption of fat (particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids), cholesterol, zinc, meat, pickled vegetables, and dried fish was greater among drinkers. Because validations of dietary questionnaires have shown that alcohol consumption is more accurately recalled than food intake, the possibility of a residual confounding effect for these dietary variables should be considered in epidemiologic studies of alcohol and health.     

Per operative localization of a carcinoid tumour of the breast using indium-111 pentetreotide and a nuclear surgical probe

A 69-year-old woman presented with a single enlarged lymph node in the left axilla. Clinical examination and other investigations, including various imaging methods, failed to reveal the primary tumour. However, indium-111 pentetreotide scan revealed a site of uptake in the anterior region of the left thorax. Peroperative imaging with t¹¹¹In-pentetreotide confirmed the tumour uptake and use of a nuclear surgical probe allowed precise localization of the tumour, which was completely resected.