SPIR扫描在诊断骨胳肌肉系统疾病中的应用

目的：探讨SPIR脂肪抑制技术在骨胳肌肉系统疾病MRI检查中的诊断价值。材料与方法：对36例骨、关节软组织疾病患者行T1W／SE、T2W／FSE及T2W／SPIR序列扫描，并对后两者进行比较。结果：各种病理性积液呈高信号；损伤性骨髓水肿呈高信号；骨折线呈低信号，如骨折断端出血则呈线状高信号；软组织肿瘤囊性部分呈高信号，实质部分呈中等强度信号；软组织炎症性病变为弥漫性高信号；骨病成骨性改变为低信号；骨髓病变为高信号或混杂等高信号；椎管内占位性病变及半月板损伤SPIR显示不清。结论：SPIR能提高正常组织与病变组织间的对比度，清晰地显示病变组织，作为T1W／SE、T2W／FSE序列的辅助检查，有助于提高骨胳肌肉系统疾病的诊断水平。     

江苏省城乡人群高血压现患率及主要影响因素的调查

１９９１年９月对江苏省城乡１２个抽样点１５岁以上的群５２５０２名进行了一次高血压调查，调查应答率为８７．４％。共检出确诊高血压３５１７例，确诊现患率７．７％，临界高血压３１８５例，两合计总患病率１４．７％血压水平城市超过过农村，男性超过女性，两随年龄而增长。     

高强度超声对犬前列腺组织损伤的实验研究

目的　探讨经尿道高强度超声 (transurethralhighintensityultrasound ,TUHIU)治疗良性前列腺增生症 (benignprostatichyperplasia ,BPH)的有效性和可行性。方法　对犬前列腺进行TUHIU辐照处理 ,辐照后不同时期处死动物以观察其急性、亚急性和慢性期大体及组织病理变化。同时观察辐照前后影像学变化。结果　TUHIU辐照前前列腺部尿道平均最大宽度为 0 66± 0 12 ( x±s)cm ,辐照 3周后前列腺部尿道平均最大宽度为 2 11± 1 0 7cm ,较辐照前显著增宽。辐照后可见靶区内尿道周围腺体发生凝固性坏死 ,3 0～ 60天后坏死组织脱落尿道呈囊腔状。光、电镜下均可见腺上皮及基质细胞发生均匀性凝固性坏死。辐照后经腹B超示前列腺内部出现液性暗区 ,前列腺呈囊性改变。辐照后即刻各犬均出现短暂性尿潴留、尿频、尿线变细 ,1月后恢复正常。结论　TUHIU可破坏前列腺组织 ,明显增加前列腺部尿道宽度。     

丙型肝炎病毒感染对肾移植术后影响的临床研究

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on the clinical outcome of kidney transplantation. METHODS: The recipient/graft survival, the incidence of acute/chronic rejection and cause of death in 86 HCV-infected recipients of renal transplantation were compared with those in another 86 recipients without HCV infection. RESULTS: HCV-infected recipients had significantly shorter 5-year survival (74.4%) than those without HCV infection (87.2%, P<0.01). The 1-year (94.2%/90.7% vs 96.8%/96.0%) and 3-year recipient/graft survival rates (88.4%/79.1% vs 90.7%/87.2%), the incidence of acute/chronic rejection (31.3% vs 21.2%, and 12.5% vs 6.5%) and the 5-year graft survival (73.3%/81.4%) were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). Hepatic disease was identified as the primary cause of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: HCV infection may affect the long-term survival of the recipients with kidney transplantation, and therefore should be considered as a relative contraindication of kidney transplantation.     

缩窄性心包炎外科治疗72例临床分析

目的 探讨外科手术治疗缩窄性心包炎的经验。方法 对72例缩窄性心包炎病人的外科治疗情况进行总结分析。结果 72例术后1个月心功能I级（59例）、Ⅱ级（11例）。1例术中死于急性心肌膨胀，1例术后死于低心排综合征。结果 心包切除程度、手术时机、手术方法是此类手术成功的关键。     

武汉市人口死亡率季节变动规律的分析

本文运用百分率趋势检验和逐步回归等统计方法,测定和分析了武汉市江岸区居民死亡的季节变动规律。结果表明:月死亡、心血管病和呼吸系病死亡都有明显的冬季高峰,意外死亡多半在夏季;婴幼儿和老年人死亡的季节波动性较大;心脏病、呼吸系病在寒冷月份上升成为第二、第四位死因;逐步回归分析的结果表明:温度是对死亡影响较大的气象因素,肿瘤死亡与季节变化的关系不大。     

Plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: pilot study of computer-based and expert diagnosis.

PURPOSE: To measure accuracy of plus disease diagnosis by recognized experts in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and to conduct a pilot study examining performance of a computer-based image analysis system, Retinal Image multiScale Analysis (RISA). METHODS: Twenty-two ROP experts independently interpreted a set of 34 wide-angle retinal images for presence of plus disease. A reference standard diagnosis based on expert consensus was defined for each image. Images were analyzed by the computer-based system using individual and linear combinations of system parameters for arterioles and venules: integrated curvature (IC), diameter, and tortuosity index (TI). Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve (AUC) for plus disease diagnosis compared with the reference standard were determined for each expert, as well as for the computer-based system. RESULTS: Expert sensitivity ranged from 0.308 to 1.000, specificity ranged from 0.571 to 1.000, and AUC ranged from 0.784 to 1.000. Among individual computer system parameters, venular IC had highest AUC (0.853). Among all computer system parameters, the linear combination of arteriolar IC, arteriolar TI, venular IC, venular diameter, and venular TI had highest AUC (0.967), which was greater than that of 18 (81.8%) of 22 experts. CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy of ROP experts for plus disease diagnosis is imperfect. A computer-based image analysis system has potential to diagnose plus disease with high accuracy. Further research involving RISA system parameter cut-off values from this study are required to fully validate performance of this computer-based system compared with that of human experts.     

沟通艺术在护理管理中的运用

现代管理理念已由单纯管理型向服务型转变。为了能更好地服务于临床护理人员，实现护理的科学管理，管理者必须学会运用有效的沟通技巧与护理人员进行信息及情感交流。[第一段]