游泳及抚触对新生儿体重和黄疸的影响

目的探讨游泳及抚触对新生儿体重、黄疸的影响。方法将100例正常新生儿随机均分为对照组与观察组。对照组仅接受沐浴；观察组沐浴后进行游泳和抚触，游泳分为被动泳操和婴儿自动泳操，1次／d，15min／次；抚触于游泳后按国际通用抚触法（全身按摩法）进行。观察比较两组体重和黄疸情况的差异。结果两组新生儿出生后第5天体重、黄疸指数比较，差异有显著性意义（均P〈0．05）。结论游泳及抚触有益于新生儿体重的增长和黄疸指数的降低。     

热缺血再灌注损伤影响肝脏细胞周期检查点调控的基因表达分析

目的动态观察肝脏热缺血再灌注损伤（WIRI）对细胞周期检查点基因的表达影响，研究其分子机制帮助了解那些与热缺血再灌注相关的疾病。方法采用成组对照的实验设计，利用微阵列芯片和逆转录-聚合酶链反应（PCR）联合分析技术，分析SD大鼠热缺血再灌注损伤处理后的基因表达变化（其中芯片分析8只、RT-PCR定量分析16只）；运用系统生物学分析方法对功能基因进行聚类。结果分别得到了热缺血再灌注损伤处理后肝脏的细胞周期各检查点基因及早期即刻基因表达数据，将其中与细胞周期密切相关的的功能基因（上调的223条、下调的62条变化幅度均大于3倍）做进一步分析。结论肝脏热缺血再灌注损伤通过细胞周期／检查点控制基因影响细胞周期G1／S、G2／M的运行，抑制DNA的合成和染色体的分裂。推测可能影响受损的DNA双链自我修复和后期的组织细胞再生、凋亡。     

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part I: technological concepts and evolution.

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) belongs to a new generation of platelet concentrates geared to simplified preparation without biochemical blood handling. In this initial article, we describe the conceptual and technical evolution from fibrin glues to platelet concentrates. This retrospective analysis is necessary for the understanding of fibrin technologies and the evaluation of the biochemical properties of 3 generations of surgical additives, respectively fibrin adhesives, concentrated platelet-rich plasma (cPRP) and PRF. Indeed, the 3-dimensional fibrin architecture is deeply dependent on artificial clinical polymerization processes, such as massive bovine thrombin addition. Currently, the slow polymerization during PRF preparation seems to generate a fibrin network very similar to the natural one. Such a network leads to a more efficient cell migration and proliferation and thus cicatrization.     

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: risk factors for local recurrence of benign rectal adenomas

OBJECTIVE: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is a minimally invasive technique for excision of selected benign and malignant rectal neoplasms. It is considered a safe and effective treatment but recurrence rates of 1-13% are reported for benign lesions. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors for local recurrence of benign rectal lesions and to evaluate mortality and morbidity following TEM. METHOD: Data were prospectively collected from all patients undergoing TEM for benign adenomas from January 1998 to March 2005. The procedure was performed by a single surgeon and patients were regularly followed up. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-six procedures were included, with a median patient age of 74 years (range 22-92 years). The mean lesion area was 16 cm(2) (range 0.3-150 cm(2)) and the median distance from the dentate line was 9 cm (range 0-17 cm). Immediate complications included bleeding (six) and acute urinary retention (six). There has been one (0.68%) procedure-related death. After a median follow up of 39 months (range 4-89 months) there have been seven recurrences (4.8%), recurring at a mean time of 23.3 months (range 5-48 months). Only microscopic involvement of the circumferential resection margin was found to be significantly associated with recurrence (P = 0.0059). Recurrence was not associated with age, size of lesion, previous treatment, severity of dysplasia or use of the harmonic scalpel. CONCLUSION: TEM is a safe and effective treatment for benign rectal adenomas. Circumferential resection margin involvement is associated with recurrence, which tends to occur late. Therefore extended follow up is recommended.     

人乳头瘤病毒在宫颈癌前病变诊断中的意义

目的用人乳头瘤病毒杂交捕获法（hc2 HPV DNA）监测宫颈癌前病变，提高诊断率。方法hc2 HPV DNA和TCT两种方法并用检测1231例宫颈外口及颈管脱落细胞。结果1231例样本中，HPV感染率34．0％，而21～40岁年龄段略高于其他年龄段；宫颈鳞状上皮正常HPV感染率23．2％。在细胞学诊断为ASC-us、ASC-h、LSIL和HSIL组中，HPV感染率依次为50．0％、58．8％、76．7％和93．3％。TCT检测：正常＋炎症1077例；asc-us 32例；ASC-h 34例；LSIL 73例，HSIL 15例。ASC-us、ASC-h、LSIL和HSIL检出率分别为2．6％、2．8％、5．9％和1．2％。统计学检验表明：HPV感染与细胞形态和结构的异常具有高度相关性（P〈0．01）。结论在宫颈鳞状上皮正常时HPV感染率最低，重度炎症时HPV感染率出现增高的趋势；当细胞形态和结构出现异常时，HPV的感染率明显增加，即HSIL〉15IL〉ASC-h〉ASC-us〉正常＋炎症。     

Measurement of kinetic parameters in skeletal muscle by magnetic resonance imaging with an intravascular agent.

The purpose of this work was to investigate the use of an intravascular contrast agent to determine perfusion kinetics in skeletal muscle. A two-compartment kinetic model was used to represent the flux of contrast agent between the intravascular space and extravascular extracellular space (EES). The relationship between the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and errors in estimating permeability surface area product (Ktrans), interstitial volume (ve), and plasma volume (vp) for linear and nonlinear curve-fitting methods was estimated from Monte Carlo simulations. Similar results were obtained for both methods. For an image SNR of 60, the estimated errors in these parameters were 10%, 22%, and 17%, respectively. In vivo experiments were conducted in rabbits to examine physiological differences between these parameters in the soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in the hind limb. Values for Ktrans were significantly higher in the SOL (3.2+/-0.9 vs. 2.0+/-0.5x10(-3) min-1), as were values for vp (3.4+/-0.8 vs. 2.1+/-0.7%). Differences in ve for the two muscles (8.7+/-2.2 vs. 8.5+/-1.6%) were not found to be significant. These results demonstrate that relevant physiological metrics can be calculated in skeletal muscle using MRI with an intravascular contrast agent.     

柴松岩学术思想在妇科临床的应用体会

柴松岩主任是全国名老中医师承导师之一，从事中医妇科临床工作50余年。临证主张辨证与辨病相结合，重视女性的生理病理特点，强调参考基础体温、结合月经周期组方遣药，注重“治未病”理念在妇科临床的应用，在继承祖国医学的基础上不断创新，并已形成自己独到的理论特色。现就在跟师期间的些许体会加以总结，以飨同道。     

Advanced thyroid carcinoma: an experience of 385 cases.

AIMS: To report clinical outcomes of a large series of cases with advanced thyroid cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Three hundred and eighty-five patients at the UICC stages III and IV were selected for the study with thyroid cancer. RESULTS: Papillary carcinoma and sclerosing carcinoma have better survival than the Hürthle cell and insular types. Lymphatic metastasis does not appear to worsen the prognosis. All the tumour forms offer the chance of long survival. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment is the primary treatment of thyroid carcinoma. The combined treatments of surgery, metabolic beam therapy, suppressive hormone therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy cure a high percentage of patients with the tumour at an advanced stage.     

Safety considerations for operating room personnel during hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy perfusion.

The new treatment strategy for Peritoneal Surface Malignancy combines a cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Cytoreduction removes all macroscopic tumor. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy avoids implantation of microscopic residual tumor cells on intra-abdominal surfaces when it is administered intraoperatively and/or early in the postoperative period. Delivering cytotoxic drugs directly into the peritoneal cavity maximizes dose intensity and minimizes systemic toxicity. Hyperthermia is selectively cytotoxic for malignant cells and potentiates the effect of chemotherapy. Implementation of this procedure makes the perioperative personnel to face a risk of exposure to cytotoxic agents. Furthermore, peritonectomies and electro-evaporation of tumor nodules are performed with high voltage electrocautery, generating a large amount of surgical smoke during several hours. Inhalation of these fumes may be also a risk for healthcare workers. In this article, we analyse in depth these new risks of the operating room personnel, we review the literature, and we give guidelines for secure performance of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy, as well as for early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy administration. These new procedures are safe techniques for patients and healthcare workers provided adequate policies are adopted to avoid occupational exposure.