羊水细胞培养进行脊肌萎缩症的产前诊断

目的 应用错配聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法进行脊肌萎缩症（spinal muscular atrophy,SMA)的产前诊断。方法 基于运动神经元生存基因（SMN）的两个同源拷贝碱基的差异，通过羊水细胞培养，应用错配PCR-RFLP法对2例有SMA阳性家族史的胎儿进行产前基因诊断。结果 2例均无SMN基因外显子缺失。结论 SMN基因缺失检测技术是高效、快速的SMA产前诊断的方法。     

厄贝沙坦治疗高血压患者的临床效果观察

目的：观察厄贝沙坦治疗高血压患者的临床效果。方法：选择2007年1月～2009年1月来本院就诊的高血压患者200例，随机分为两组，厄贝沙坦组100例，采用厄贝沙坦治疗4周；对照组100例采用依那普利治疗，观察患者用药前后动态血压、心脏功能变化，并评价临床疗效。结果：厄贝沙坦组患者治疗总有效率为97％，均未出现明显不良反应：与对照组比较．差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05。厄贝沙坦组治疗后24h、白昼和夜间平均收缩压和舒张压与治疗前比较，差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05；用药后血压晨峰也显著降低，与治疗前比较，差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05：但与对照组间比较，差异无统计学意义，P〉0．05。结论：厄贝沙坦治疗高血压疗效满意，安全性较高，还可降低患者的心脑血管意外的风险。     

辨经刺井法及颞三针治疗血管性痴呆临床观察

目的观察针灸治疗血管性痴呆（VD）的临床疗效。方法将54例血管性痴呆患者随机分为针灸组及药物组，治疗21d，观察治疗前后智力测定量表（MMSE）、日常生活能力表（ADL）评分值变化。结果两组各临床疗效指标均有改善，尤以针灸组显著。结论在针灸治疗的基础上，配合药物治疗VD患者，是一种行之有效的方法。     

上海市流动人口血吸虫病、疟疾、丝虫病监测结果分析

目的：评价外来流动人口对上海市人群传播血吸虫病、疟疾、丝虫病(简称“三病”)的潜在危害，从而预防和控制外源性“三病”在本市传播。方法：对外省市来沪居留3个月以上人员，进行“三病”血清免疫学检测，达到规定的阳性滴度时进行病原学追踪及治疗。结果：2001—2003年共监测外来流动人口909960人次，血吸虫病、疟疾、丝虫病抗体阳性率分别为0．55％、0.28％和0．02％；质量抽检符合率分别为98、42％、94．21％和99．84％。结论:必须加强外来流动人口“三病”监测和防治管理，以有效预防和控制外源性“三病”在本市传播。     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的腔内治疗

Objective To investigate the value of endovascular surgery for the treatment of thromboangitis obliterans (TAO). Methods Sixteen patients (18 limbs) with thromboangitis obliterans were treated by percutaneous transluminal plasty (PTA). Results Angiographic success on the limb basis was achieved in 15 of 18 treated limbs and the initial technical success rate was 83.34%. Doppler anklebrachial index (ABI) increased from 0.33±0.16 to 0.79±0.23 one week after PTA. The follow-up time was 2～24 months, the average time was 10.84 months. The 3-month, 12-month accumulated primary patency rate were 81.33% and 60. 23% respectively. Conclusion PTA is effective primary invasive treatment for thromboangitis obliterans yielding acceptable primary clinical success with a low complication rate and resulting in moderate long-term clinical patency and a high limb salvage rate.     

磁共振尿路成像诊断肾移植输尿管坏死

目的:探讨磁共振尿路成像(MRU)诊断肾移植输尿管坏死的价值。材料和方法:12例肾移植术后怀疑输尿管坏死患者,临床表现为移植肾区肿痛、少尿或无尿,B超提示移植肾盂积水,输尿管扩张,移植肾周积液,用重T2WI快速自旋回波序列和脂肪抑制技术行MRU检查。结果:MRU均显示移植肾盂及肾盏扩张,输尿管上段扩张,重T2WI表现为高信号。输尿管连续性消失,其下方为局限性包裹液性区。在渗出的包裹性尿液邻近或下方可见高信号的膀胱影。12例患者均接受手术探查,术中均发现输尿管有坏死,坏死部位与MRU显示输尿管连续性消失部位一致,输尿管坏死下方可见渗出的尿液,与MRU所见局限性包裹液性区相吻合。结论:MRU诊断肾移植后输尿管坏死具有极高诊断价值。     

糖尿病患者甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨血清甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(TG/HDL-C)比值水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法对146例2型糖尿病患者测定空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FBG),TG,HDL-C,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,计算TG/HDL-C比值,并按TG/HDL-C和FBG水平分组,比较组间差异与胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的关系。结果糖尿病组TG/HDL-C比值水平(2.531±3.741)显著高于正常对照组(0.898±0.487),差异有显著性(t=4.279,P<0.001)。TG/HDL-C比值增高组HOMA-IR(3.291±2.004)明显高于TG/HDL-C比值正常组(2.403±1.789),差异有显著性(t=2.796,P<0.01)。血糖水平>10 mmol/L组HOMA-IR(3.575±2.216)明显大于血糖水平≤10mmol/L组(2.384±1.584),差异有显著性(t=3.760,P<0.001)。结论糖尿病患者TG/HDL-C比值水平与胰岛素抵抗存在着密切的相关性。     

富含血管的听神经瘤

目的探讨富含血管的听神经瘤的手术治疗。方法复习20年（1975—1995）手术治疗单侧听神经瘤90例，其中4例为富含血管的听神经瘤（HAT），与86例非富含血管的听神经瘤（NHAT），做回顾性分析，据临床表现、放射学检查、手术所见做比较。结果HAT较NHAT年轻（28±10与54±17岁）（P〈0．01），MRI显示HAT为实质性，无肿瘤囊变，多数较NHAT为大（P〈0．05）；MRI示HAT有多个代表较大引流静脉的流空效应；经皮股动脉、椎动脉造影显示HAT有广泛的肿瘤着色及早期引流静脉的充盈，并证实由椎基动脉供血。过去文献报道认为以分期手术为宜。作者在控制性低血压麻醉下，成功地完成了4例HAT的切除术，未输血，术后无明显伤残。结论HAT是一种实质性大型肿瘤，出现于青年期，血管造影能够提供特征性发现。MRI能显示肿瘤表面的流空效应而确诊。采用控制性低血压麻醉有望能一期全切除肿瘤。     

Pituitary adenomas: Trans‐sphenoidal experience of 300 cases

Objective: The main aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness and complication rate of the 1 cm right‐sided unilateral sublabial trans‐sphenoidal surgery for patients with pituitary adenoma equal to or greater than 5 mm in diameter. Method: A total of 350 patients were surgically treated for pituitary adenomas between December 1999 and December 2003 in an academic neurosurgical unit in China. Three hundred patients (86%) were treated with the 1‐cm right‐sided unilateral sublabial trans‐sphenoidal approach. The mean age of patients was 43 years (range 10–78 years) and female patients accounted for 59% of the total. One hundred and ninety‐six (64%) patients had functioning endocrine tumours and 104 (36%) patients had non‐functioning tumours or macroadenomas. Tumours which were outside this simple and basic classification were excluded from the study. Results: There were no operative mortalities. One patient developed hypopituitarism and 16 (5%) developed transient diabetes insipidus that required pituitrin treatment. The remission rate for macroadenoma was 85% and that for microadenoma was 98.5% during a medium term follow‐up of 1–5 years. One hundred and fifteen patients had prolactin secreting tumours and 90.4% achieved endocrine remission. Fifty‐six patients had growth hormone secreting tumours and 75.4% achieved endocrine remission. Preoperatively, one hundred and fifty‐one patients presented with visual impairment and 148 (98%) achieved a documented improvement in visual acuity. The mean duration of hospital stay was 4 days (range 3–7 days). Conclusion: This minimally invasive trans‐sphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas could be used as the primary treatment for small pituitary tumours. The effectiveness of the tumour removal and low morbidity rate compare favourably with the conventional sublabial approach as well as the more recently developed endoscopic endonasal approaches.