H102对APP转基因小鼠脑内IDE和NEP表达的影响

目的:观察H102对β淀粉样蛋白前体(APP)转基因小鼠脑内胰岛素降解酶(IDE)及脑啡肽酶(NEP)的影响.方法:将APP转基因小鼠随机分为模型组和给药组,每组10只;并设10只同月龄同背景C57BL/6J小鼠为对照组.对照组、模型组每日侧脑室注射生理盐水,给药组每日注射H102(80 μmol/L)生理盐水溶液.4周后行Morris水迷宫测试.之后采用免疫组化方法观察小鼠脑组织内IDE及NEP阳性细胞的表达变化及蛋白质免疫印迹技术半定量检测两者的含量.结果:(1)Morris水迷宫测试:给药组小鼠比模型组小鼠学习记忆能力提高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).(2)免疫组化测试:给药组及对照组小鼠脑内IDE及NEP阳性细胞表达均比模型组增强(P＜0.01).(3)蛋白质免疫印迹检测结果:对照组及给药组小鼠脑组织内Aβ42与APP含量均低于模型组(P＜0.01),且IDE与NEP含量均高于模型组(P＜0.01).结论:H102可提高APP转基因小鼠脑内IDE及NEP的活性及含量,改善学习记忆能力,降低Aβ及APP的水平,有助于改善阿尔茨海默病(AD)病情,为治疗AD提供前景.     

不同碘营养水平对子代大鼠小脑神经细胞形态的影响

【目的】研究不同碘营养水平对子代大鼠小脑神经细胞形态发育的影响。【方法】应用MIAS-2000型图像分析系统对子代大鼠小脑各层的神经细胞进行形态学测量。【结果】低碘组（LI）14d龄外颗粒层（EGL）厚度明显大于正常碘组（NI）,14d和28d龄分子层厚度、Purkinje细胞截面积、颗粒细胞密度均明显小于NI组,且有统计学差异;各高碘组（HI）与NI组比较,随碘摄入量的增多,14d和28d龄分子层厚度、Purkinje细胞截面积、颗粒细胞密度有降低的趋势,尤其是50倍和100倍高碘组（50HI和100HI）颗粒细胞密度明显小于NI组,且有统计学差异。【结论】低碘和严重高碘可以影响小脑EGL细胞向分子层和内颗粒层神经细胞分化和迁移,同时影响了Purkinje细胞和颗粒细胞的正常发育;但轻度高碘组未见明显变化,提示：大鼠对高碘的耐受性要强于低碘。     

滋肾方对衰老大鼠学习记忆及海马组织胆碱酯酶的影响

目的 :观察滋肾方对亚急性衰老大鼠学习记忆及海马组织胆碱酯酶的影响 ,探讨滋肾方抗衰老的作用。方法 :持续注射D -半乳糖法致亚急性衰老大鼠模型 ,“Y”型电迷宫进行学习记忆观察 ,并对海马组织进行酶学测定。结果 :滋肾方可以减少大鼠达标所需的电击次数 (P<0.01) ,提高大鼠海马组织中胆碱酯酶活性 (P<0.05)。结论 :滋肾方可以提高衰老大鼠学习记忆能力 ,其作用机制可能与提高大鼠海马组织中胆碱酯酶活性有关。     

妊娠期大鼠不同程度碘缺乏对胎鼠碘代谢和甲状腺功能的影响

Objective To study the effects of iodine deficiency during pregnancy on fetal iodine metabolism and thyroid function. Methods Wistar dams were randomly divided into four groups: severe iodine deficiency(SID), moderate iodine deficiency(MoID), mild iodine deficiency(MiID) and normal iodine(NI). All the dams were fed with iodine deficient food(iodine contents: 50 μg/kg) and drinking water with different doses of KI (0,54.9,163.8,381.7 μg/L) for 3 months till mating. Iodine was supplied at the dose of 1.24 μg/d(SID), 2.50 μg/d(MoID), 5.00 μg/d(MiID) and 10.00 μg/d(NI), respectively. The dams and their fetuses on gestation of 20 days were studied. Urine iodine of dams and iodine contents in fetal amniotic fluid were measured by As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry using ammonium persulfate digestion. And blood iodine in pregnant rats and iodine contents in placental tissue were measured by As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry in dry ash of samples in KClO3-ZnSO4-K2CO3-NaCl. Thyroid hormone levels in mother serum and in fetal amniotic fluid were detected by chemiluminascent assay, and their thyroid glands were weighted and carefully observed. Results ①Iodine content in urine and blood of pregnant rats and amniotic fluid of fetal rats reduced along with their decrease of iodine supply. Urine iodine median of rats in 4 groups(NI: 353.7 μg/L; MiID: 115.9 μg/L; MoID: 26.9 μg/L; SID: 0 μg/L) were statistically significant(χ2=32.884, P < 0.01). Blood iodine level in MoID and SID[(29.4±18.6), (11.7± 7.0)μg/L]was significantly lower than that in NI[(49.1±23.0)μg/L, P < 0.05 or < 0.01]. In iodine deficiency groups, there was a decreasing trend in iodine contents of fetal amniotic fluid[MiID: (48.3±23.1)μg/L; MoID: (29.2±14.7)μ/L; SID:(19.5±6.7)μg/L]and an increasing tendency in iodine contents of placental tissue [MiID: (0.57±0.26)μg/g, MoID: (0.53±0.34)μg/g; SID: (0.53±0.15)μg/g], but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05). ②In SID, TT4[(14.3±4.1)nmol/L]and FT4[(10.8±3.6)pmol/L]were lower than that in NI[(28.4±19.3)nmol/L, (20.2±8.0)pmol/L, P < 0.05 or < 0.01], while that in MoID[(22.1±6.1)nmol/L, (18.5±4.1)pmol/L]and MiID[(25.5±13.1)nmol/L, (18.6±8.4)pmol/L]were decreased without statistical significance(P > 0.05). And FT3/FT4 ratio(0.34±0.16), absolute[(48.4±22.7)mg]and relative weights[(144± 76)mg/kg]of thyroid gland in pregnant rats were respectively higher than that in NI[0.16±0.02, (19.5±3.1)mg, (66±10)mg/kg, P<0.01]. But that in MoID[0.19±0.04, (27.0±5.7)mg, (84±19)mg/kg]and MiID[0.17± 0.06, (25.0±8.9)mg, (78±25)mg/kg]were increased without statistical significance(P > 0.05). A visibly congestive enlargement thyroid was found in SID, while thyroid mildly enlarged in MoID and MiID. ③Compared with NI [(2.38±1.55)pmol/L,0.50±0.18], the FT4 levels [(1.07±0.87) pmol/L]in amniotic fluid were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and the FT3/FT4 ratio (1.96±0.61) was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in SID. There were no statistical significances(P > 0.05) in other 3 groups[MiID: (2.77±0.90)pmol/L,0.46±0.15; MoID: (2.35±0.76)pmoL/L,0.61±0.21]. A visible thyroid enlargement with hyperemia was observed in SID fetus while in other 2 experiment groups their thyroids were only mildly congested. Conclusions Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy can result in both mother and fetus overt hypothyroidism. The fetal thyroid hormone levels in mild iodine deficiency status is close to normal levels because of maternal and placental compensation. Moreover, both the dam and the fetus suffer from the negative effects in moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy.     

胰岛素样生长因子-1与糖尿病微血管并发症

本文介绍了胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、IGF受体及IGF结合蛋白的结构和作用,其在维持血糖内环境稳定方面的作用,及其与糖尿病微血管病变(糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视网膜病和糖尿病神经病变)的关系.     

妊娠期大鼠不同程度碘缺乏对胎鼠碘代谢和甲状腺功能的影响

Objective To study the effects of iodine deficiency during pregnancy on fetal iodine metabolism and thyroid function. Methods Wistar dams were randomly divided into four groups: severe iodine deficiency(SID), moderate iodine deficiency(MoID), mild iodine deficiency(MiID) and normal iodine(NI). All the dams were fed with iodine deficient food(iodine contents: 50 μg/kg) and drinking water with different doses of KI (0,54.9,163.8,381.7 μg/L) for 3 months till mating. Iodine was supplied at the dose of 1.24 μg/d(SID), 2.50 μg/d(MoID), 5.00 μg/d(MiID) and 10.00 μg/d(NI), respectively. The dams and their fetuses on gestation of 20 days were studied. Urine iodine of dams and iodine contents in fetal amniotic fluid were measured by As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry using ammonium persulfate digestion. And blood iodine in pregnant rats and iodine contents in placental tissue were measured by As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry in dry ash of samples in KClO3-ZnSO4-K2CO3-NaCl. Thyroid hormone levels in mother serum and in fetal amniotic fluid were detected by chemiluminascent assay, and their thyroid glands were weighted and carefully observed. Results ①Iodine content in urine and blood of pregnant rats and amniotic fluid of fetal rats reduced along with their decrease of iodine supply. Urine iodine median of rats in 4 groups(NI: 353.7 μg/L; MiID: 115.9 μg/L; MoID: 26.9 μg/L; SID: 0 μg/L) were statistically significant(χ2=32.884, P < 0.01). Blood iodine level in MoID and SID[(29.4±18.6), (11.7± 7.0)μg/L]was significantly lower than that in NI[(49.1±23.0)μg/L, P < 0.05 or < 0.01]. In iodine deficiency groups, there was a decreasing trend in iodine contents of fetal amniotic fluid[MiID: (48.3±23.1)μg/L; MoID: (29.2±14.7)μ/L; SID:(19.5±6.7)μg/L]and an increasing tendency in iodine contents of placental tissue [MiID: (0.57±0.26)μg/g, MoID: (0.53±0.34)μg/g; SID: (0.53±0.15)μg/g], but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05). ②In SID, TT4[(14.3±4.1)nmol/L]and FT4[(10.8±3.6)pmol/L]were lower than that in NI[(28.4±19.3)nmol/L, (20.2±8.0)pmol/L, P < 0.05 or < 0.01], while that in MoID[(22.1±6.1)nmol/L, (18.5±4.1)pmol/L]and MiID[(25.5±13.1)nmol/L, (18.6±8.4)pmol/L]were decreased without statistical significance(P > 0.05). And FT3/FT4 ratio(0.34±0.16), absolute[(48.4±22.7)mg]and relative weights[(144± 76)mg/kg]of thyroid gland in pregnant rats were respectively higher than that in NI[0.16±0.02, (19.5±3.1)mg, (66±10)mg/kg, P<0.01]. But that in MoID[0.19±0.04, (27.0±5.7)mg, (84±19)mg/kg]and MiID[0.17± 0.06, (25.0±8.9)mg, (78±25)mg/kg]were increased without statistical significance(P > 0.05). A visibly congestive enlargement thyroid was found in SID, while thyroid mildly enlarged in MoID and MiID. ③Compared with NI [(2.38±1.55)pmol/L,0.50±0.18], the FT4 levels [(1.07±0.87) pmol/L]in amniotic fluid were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and the FT3/FT4 ratio (1.96±0.61) was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in SID. There were no statistical significances(P > 0.05) in other 3 groups[MiID: (2.77±0.90)pmol/L,0.46±0.15; MoID: (2.35±0.76)pmoL/L,0.61±0.21]. A visible thyroid enlargement with hyperemia was observed in SID fetus while in other 2 experiment groups their thyroids were only mildly congested. Conclusions Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy can result in both mother and fetus overt hypothyroidism. The fetal thyroid hormone levels in mild iodine deficiency status is close to normal levels because of maternal and placental compensation. Moreover, both the dam and the fetus suffer from the negative effects in moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy.     

碱灰化法和氯酸消化法测定人乳汁含碘量的对比研究

目的 以碱灰化法作金标准,探讨氯酸消化法测定人乳汁含碘量的准确性.方法 收集天津市河西区新鲜人乳汁样品61份,分别应用2008年发布的<食物中碘的测定砷铈催化分光光度法>中的碱灰化法和1999年发布的<尿碘的砷铈催化分光光度测定方法>中的氯酸消化法测定其含碘量.结果 采用两种检测方法得到61对人乳汁含碘量数据,两种方法的测定结果呈高度正相关(r=0.960,t=26.3,P

Abstract：

Objective Take alkaline ashing method as golden standard to explore the accuracy of chloric acid digestion method in determination of human milk iodine. Methods Sixty one breast milk samples collected in Hexi district of Tianjin was measured by the method for determination of iodine in foodstuff by As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry (referred to as the alkaline ashing method) published in 2008 and the method for determination of iodine in urine by As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry(referred to as acid digestion) published in 1999, respectively. were highly correlated(r = 0.960, t = 26.3, P < 0.01), and the regression equation was (Y) = - 28.1 + 0.808X, in which X was independent variable, that is the results of alkaline ashing method; (Y) was dependent variable, that is the estimated data of chloric acid digestion method. The average difference of the results measured by the two methods was 68.3 μg/L, and the results from chloric acid digestion was 38.9% which lower than that of alkaline samples were diluted by 3,4 and 5-fold and then digested by chloric acid, the liquid clarification rates were 80.3% ashing and chloric acid digestion method were, respectively, 165.4, 110.0 μg/L. Conclusions Compared with alkaline ashing method, the results determined by chloric acid digestion method are significantly lower. It is suggested that there are systemic errors in chloric acid digestion method, which means that alkaline ashing method can not be replaced by the chloric acid digestion method.     

碘铁联合缺乏对大鼠血脂水平的影响

目的 通过控制碘、铁摄入量,造成缺铁、缺碘模型,研究碘、铁缺乏对大鼠血脂水平的影响.方法 将Sprauge-Dawley (SD)雄性大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组(N组,饲料碘含量362.0 μg/kg,铁含量93.3 mg/kg),碘缺乏组(ID组,饲料碘含量61.4 μg/kg,铁含量93.3 mg/kg),铁缺乏...     

碘摄入量对大鼠钠/碘转运体分布及表达影响

目的利用组织芯片分析钠/碘转运体(Na+/I-symporter,NIS)在不同碘摄入量下的大鼠组织器官的分布及表达。方法 Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,分别给予低碘(LI)、正常碘(NI)和高碘(HI)饮食,饲养3个月测定尿碘及制备不同碘摄入量大鼠组织器官的组织芯片,利用免疫组织化学的方法观察NIS的分布和表达。结果 LI组、HI组与NI组大鼠的尿碘含量中位数分别为1.7,305.8,28 056.5mg/L,LI组、HI组与NI组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.001);与NI组比较,LI组NIS在甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞基底膜上强表达,而HI组表达较弱;相反,NIS在组肾HI小管上皮细胞基底膜和胞头均有较强表达,而LI组相对较弱表达。结论 NIS不均一性分布于大鼠各组织器官,且碘摄入量可引起甲状腺和肾脏等组织NIS表达量的改变。