Pancreatic cancer–Palliative therapy: surgery (bypass/resection)

Objective: We compare the outcome of palliative pancreaticoduodenectomy and palliative surgical bypass in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma in our hospital. Recent published related articles are also reviewed. Methods: A respective analysis was performed comparing the perioperative parameters and outcome of 20 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with a gross suspected cancer residue and 30 patients who underwent a surgical bypass, all of the patients were diagnosed as in advanced stages intra-operatively. Results: The two groups were comparable with patient characteristics, including age, gender, initial symptoms and concomitant major organ diseases. Tumors are similar in size and intra-operatively diagnosed as in advanced stages in both groups. All of the patients in the resection group were microscopically proved having cancer residue. One postoperative mortality occurred in the resection group (5%), zero in the bypass group (P > 0.05). Overall complications were significantly higher in the resection group (30% vs. 0, P < 0.01), including 2 patients developed Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), zero in the bypass group (P < 0.01); hemorrhage and transfusions in the resection group were much more than that in the bypass group (P < 0.05). Hospital stay after resection was significantly longer than bypass (20 vs. 12 days, P < 0.01). Hospital fee after resection was 4 times more than after bypass (median 61.500 vs. 15. 300 yuan, P < 0.01). Survival was significantly longer after resection (median 12.2 vs. 7.1 months, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Our results show that palliative resection in advanced pancreatic carcinoma lengthens the survival time of the patients, but this is paid for significantly higher complications than bypass.     

可调节型充气体位垫的制作和应用

手术中常用体位垫来调整体位及预防褥疮,但以往使用的软垫、海绵垫等却不可根据手术及术中的要求来调节高度,我科对其进行研究并利用现有材料,将其改进制成可调节型充气体位垫,投入临床试用,效果较好。现介绍如下。1材料与制作取上海百特医疗用品有限公司生产的3L容量的氯化钠溶液软包装袋一个,将其中一个出口封闭,使其不漏气。将一根长30cm~50cm长的橡胶管固定于另一个出口,使其不漏气,并将输血器调节器穿于橡胶管上,调节滚轴,起开关作用。连接气压止血器充气,即成可调节型充气调节体位垫。2使用方法根据手术要求将橡胶管连接于气压止血器…     

慢性肾功能不全肾活检的风险与价值分析

慢性肾功能不全（CRI）患者行经皮肾穿刺活检（PRB）是否仍有临床价值，其效益安全比如何，目前仍有争议。我们通过回顾分析，探讨CRI患者行经皮肾穿刺活检的价值与风险。     

Omnitets EZ(R)及BIOSEN 5030临床验证报告

本文通过使用 Omnitets EZ 电子感应血糖仪及 BIOSEN 5030自动血糖/乳酸分析仪对糖尿病人和正常人血糖进行测定,从而对其精确性进行评估,探讨其临床应用的可能性.     

《素问玄机原病式》学术思想探讨

《素问玄机原病式》一书，发挥《内经》病机学说，弥补了原“病机十九条”过于简略之不足，创造性地继承和发展了《内经》理论，特别是首倡“六气皆从火化”之说；关于“相火”的论述，则为后世相火理论的形成奠定了基础；它还总结了温热病的治疗原则，对后世温病学派的形成产生了重要影响。     

Procyanidins extracted from the lotus seedpod ameliorate scopolamine‐induced memory impairment in mice

The major purpose of this study was to determine the effect of procyanidins extracted from the lotus seedpod (LSPC) on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice. The capacities of memory and learning were evaluated by the Morris water maze and the step‐down avoidance test. LSPC (50, 100, 150 mg/kg BW, p.o.) significantly reversed scopolamine‐induced learning and memory impairments in the Morris water maze test, as evaluated by shortened escape latency and swimming distance. In the step‐down avoidance test, LSPC (50, 100, 150 mg/kg BW, p.o.) treatment significantly reduced the number of errors and shortened latency compared with that of scopolamine. In addition, LSPC was also found to inhibit acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity. These results of this study suggest that LSPC may play a useful role in the treatment of cognitive impairment caused by AD and aging. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

臂丛神经闭合性损伤和肿瘤的超声诊断

目的探讨高频超声在诊断臂丛神经闭合性损伤和肿瘤中的价值。方法用高频超声检查和诊断6例创伤性臂丛神经损伤与3例臂丛神经肿瘤，随机选择12例健康成年人作为正常对照组，观察臂丛神经的正常超声图像。结果高频超声显示斜角肌间隙和锁骨下动脉是臂丛神经检查的重要解剖标志，正常臂丛神经长轴显示多条线性平行回声，短轴呈圆形中等回声，内有点状弱回声，C5-7和上、中干显示率为100％（12／12），C8、T1和下干显示率为83．3％（10／12）。6例臂丛神经损伤显示神经增粗水肿，部分正常束状回声消失或不连续，内部点线回声不清，呈略低回声与周围软组织粘连。3例臂丛神经肿瘤显示为实性瘤样低回声与臂丛神经相连续，其内有血流信号，其中2例为超声检查最早诊断。结论高频超声可作为检查臂丛神经闭合性损伤和肿瘤的首选方法，值得临床推广应用。     

兔VX2肝癌模型的制作及CT、MRI表现

目的建立稳定的兔VX2移植性肝癌模型,分析少血供移植性肝恶性肿瘤的CT及MRI影像特征,与病理学相对照。方法取荷瘤兔后腿肌肉内VX2肿瘤,剪成小块后,经开腹种植于30只新西兰大白兔肝左叶或肝中叶,于种植后第2周、第3周分别进行CT及MRI增强扫描,统计肿瘤种植成功率,观察肿瘤体积及生长指数,分析肿瘤CT及MRI平扫和增强表现,区分富血供、少血供肿瘤;分别处死2只实验兔进行病理分析,与影像学相对照。结果VX2移植瘤种植成功22只;成瘤率为73%。2周与3周时肿瘤生长率有显著差异(P<0.01)。VX2移植瘤在CT及MRI上表现为占位性病变,呈类圆形或分叶状低密度或低信号结节,增强后发现少血供VX2移植瘤14只,表现为肿瘤无强化或轻微强化,肿瘤主体保持为低密度或低信号;富血供肝移植瘤8只,表现为肿瘤中度强化或明显强化,肿瘤主体密度或信号明显高于肝实质。光镜下肿瘤新生毛细血管虽较丰富,但纤细。结论经开腹种植法制作兔VX2肝移植瘤模型是一种简单、成功率高的建模方法,但易发生转移。CT及MRI平扫和增强扫描是检测肿瘤生长和血供的可靠方法,兔VX2肝移植瘤模型在CT与MRI上主要是一种少血供肝癌模型。     

甲状腺癌淋巴结微转移的研究

目的:探讨MUC1检测在甲状腺癌淋巴结微转移的可靠性和敏感性。方法:对488例甲状腺疾病手术患者于术前24h用1%美兰1.0~2.0mL注射于甲状腺结节或周围腺体，术中显示蓝染淋巴结，采用RT-PCR法测定临床蓝染淋巴结中的MUC1。 结果:蓝染淋巴结显示率甲状腺癌为93%，良性病例为0。研究组80个蓝染淋巴结中发现有MUC1mＲＮＡ表达的为95%,与病理诊断率(86%)相比有提高（P<0.05）;良性病变（阴性对照组）淋巴结均不存在MUC1mRNA的表达;阳性对照组的癌转移性淋巴结均存在MUC1mRNA的表达。结论:MUC1较病理检查敏感，PCR产物点杂交进一步证实MUC1作为PCR标志物有较好的可靠性。