有机硒对谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响——随机对照研究的Meta分析

目的探讨补充有机硒对谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性的影响。方法检索1988年1月-2010年12月发表的观察成人补充有机硒和GPx活性的随机对照研究,Meta分析计算合并标准化均数差(SMD)及95%CI。结果 10篇文献纳入本次研究,观察补硒后血浆GPx的文献为8篇,观察补硒后红细胞、血小板GPx的文献各5篇。和对照组比较,补硒与血浆、红细胞、血小板GPx活性的SMD分别为0.46(95%CI 0.09-0.83)、0.36(95%CI 0.02-0.69)和0.56(95%CI-0.02-1.15)。结论补充有机硒可以提高正常成年人群GPx活性。     

Association between the NBS1 Glu185Gln polymorphism and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (NBS1), a vital DNA repair protein in the homologous recombination repair pathway and a signal modifier in the intra-S phase checkpoint, plays a critical role in cellular response to DNA damages and the maintenance of genomic stability. The NBS1 Glu185Gln (NBS1 E185Q, NBS1 8360G>C, rs1805794) polymorphism has been indicated to be involved in the development of cancer, but results of previous individual studies on the association between NBS1 Glu185Gln polymorphism and breast cancer risk remain controversial and inconclusive. Our meta-analysis investigated this association for the first time by pooling the odds ratios with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) of all individual publications available to date. Overall, 14 separate studies with 6,642 cases and 7,138 controls were finally included into the present meta-analysis after a comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to October 21, 2012. Overall analysis and subgroup analyses by ethnicity and source of controls were performed. Meta-analysis of total studies showed that the NBS1 Glu185Gln variant carriers were not susceptible to breast cancer (OR_{Gln vs. Glu}?=?1.05, 95 % CI 0.80–1.39, P _OR?=?0.719; OR _{Gln/Gln vs. Glu/Glu}?=?0.82, 95 % CI 0.62–1.08, P _OR?=?0.154; OR _{Glu/Gln vs. Glu/Glu}?=?1.00, 95 % CI 0.90–1.13, P _OR?=?0.939; OR_{Gln/Gln + Glu/Gln vs. Glu/Glu}?=?0.96, 95 % CI 0.83–1.11, P _OR?=?0.551; OR_{Gln/Gln vs. Glu/Glu + Glu/Gln}?=?0.84, 95 % CI 0.67–1.05, P _OR?=?0.134). Similar results were observed in heterogeneity-adjusted meta-analysis of all studies. Furthermore, subgroup analyses by ethnicity and source of controls did not identify any appreciable relationship of the NBS1 Glu185Gln polymorphism with breast cancer susceptibility in any populations. Sensitivity analysis by sequentially omitting individual studies confirmed the stability and reliability of our results. Our meta-analysis of currently available data shows no association between the NBS1 Glu185Gln polymorphism and breast cancer risk.     

Effect of pediatric advanced life support course on pediatric residents' intubation success

Background: The Pediatric Advanced Life Support Program (PALS) course very important for teaching about intubation, resuscitation, shock, trauma, respiratory failure and rhythm disturbances. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the PALS course on pediatric residents' intubation success during their rotation, daytime and night‐time practice in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: The study was carried out from 1 March 2005 to 28 February 2007. The study period had two parts, in that the number of attempts and successful intubations performed by pediatric residents, and the pediatric intensivist successful intubation ratio were evaluated in two different periods: before the PALS course, 1 March 2005–28 February 2006, and after the PALS course, 5 March 2006–28 February 2007. The participating residents' pediatric levels (PL) were classed as PL‐1, PL‐2, PL‐3, PL‐4, and all had first experience in the PICU at the PL‐1 level. The PALS instructor was a pediatric emergency or intensive care doctor. We evaluated whether the PALS course influenced intubation success or not. Results: Sixteen residents participated in the study. The proportion of successful intubations was 110 (53.3%) and 104 (65.4%) attempts before and after the PALS course, respectively. The proportion of intubations done by intensivists decreased from 49.1% to 31.7% before and after PALS. The most frequently used endotracheal tube (ETT) internal diameter (ID) was 4.0 mm, and cuffed ETT was used 16% and 21% before and after the course, respectively. Appropriate placing of ETT tip occurred 70.4% and 82.2% of the time before and after the PALS course, respectively. Proportion of successful intubations by residents increased in all levels, except for PL‐1. The most important reason for unsuccessful attempts was inappropriate patient position. Only one patient could not be intubated, and laryngeal mask airway was used in that case. During intubation, complications were broken teeth in two patients before the course, and subglottic stenosis developed in only one patient due to cuffed ETT. Conclusion: Successful intubation is a life‐saving intervention during resuscitation, ETT revision for extubation or obstruction for extubation or obstruction during mechanical ventilation. This skill can be developed in the PALS course and by clinical study in PICU and pediatric emergency services. The PALS course must be given to pediatric residents especially within the first year. Also, cuffed ETT can be used for infants and children.     

唑来膦酸钠对高转换患者椎体成形术后椎体再骨折发生率影响因素的相关性分析

目的分析高转换患者椎体成形术后应用唑来膦酸钠降低骨质疏松性椎体再骨折发生状况,并探讨再骨折发生率与骨转换指标、骨密度、疼痛、生活质量四者之间的相关性。方法选取2012年7月至2014年10月于我院行椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的282名女性患者,治疗组于术后3 d开始在口服阿法迪三及钙尔奇D的基础上静脉点滴唑来膦酸钠,(阿法迪三和钙尔奇D用三个月,停半个月),共160名,脱落5名;对照组于术后3 d开始口服阿法迪三及钙尔奇D抗骨质疏松基础治疗,共122名,脱落7名;术前3 d行骨密度测定、抽血检测β-胶原特殊序列(β-CTx)和总Ⅰ型胶原氨基酸延长肽(t-P1NP)、为了避免由于手术时机不同而导致患者临床症状缓解不佳对调查结果的影响,术后1周后进行VAS评分及生活质量SF-36评分;于术后1年、2年回访记录患者唑来膦酸钠使用次数及再发椎体骨折情况,并再次行骨密度测定、血清检验骨转换指标、疼痛VAS、SF-36评估,统计数据并运用统计学SPSS17.0软件分析,椎体成形术后应用唑来膦酸钠对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者再骨折、骨代谢、骨密度、疼痛、生活质量的影响,并探讨它们之间的相关性。结果实验中共脱落12名,8名出现骨水泥泄露、4名再次骨折后行椎体成形术;治疗组中连续两年口服阿法迪三和钙尔奇D并使用唑来膦酸钠治疗者64例,为治疗A组;第2年由于静滴唑来膦酸钠出现肌痛,关节不适,费用等原因只口服阿法迪三和钙尔奇D而未继续使用唑来膦酸钠者91例,为治疗B组;再骨折发生率,对照组术后1年内椎体再骨折12例,骨折率10.43%,治疗A组再骨折6例,骨折率降为9.38%,治疗B组再骨折8例,骨折率为8.79%,经卡方试验分析,治疗组间差异无统计学意义,P0.05,而治疗组与对照组间差异有统计学意义,P0.05;第2年内治疗A组发生椎体再骨折4例,骨折率6.25%,治疗B组再骨折9例,骨折率9.89%,两组比较A组可显著降低骨折发生,P0.05;对照组再骨折12例,骨折率10.43%,治疗B组与对照组比较,治疗B组可显著降低骨折;组间自身比较,治疗A组在第2年内降低骨折3.13%,治疗B组增加骨折1.10%。于骨转换指标,t-P1NP在实验各组中均无显著差异,均P0.05;而β-CTx在1、2年后治疗组相较对照组均能显著降低;骨密度1年后治疗A组可提高1.61%,治疗B组可提高1.29%,对照组提高0.32%,两治疗组差异无统计学意义,P0.05,治疗组与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义,P0.05;2年后,治疗A组骨密度可增加3.53%,治疗B组增加1.61%,对照组提高0.64%,治疗组间比较骨密度的提高差异存在统计学意义,P0.05,治疗B组与对照组比较,差异亦存在统计学意义,P0.05。疼痛VAS评分及生活质量SF-36评分在1、2年后治疗组与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义,P0.05。结论椎体成形术后应用唑来膦酸钠能降低骨折发生率、提高骨密度、降低骨转换率、缓解疼痛、提高生活质量,连续使用疗效更佳;降低骨折发生率、提高骨密度在观察时间上有相关性,可能是通过降低骨转换率、提高骨密度而降低骨折的发生,从而缓解疼痛、逐步提高生活质量。     

基于蒙卡算法的乳腺癌术中放疗模型的剂量学优化

目的：探讨蒙特卡罗算法在乳腺癌术中放疗（IORT）模型剂量学优化中的应用价值。方法采用MCTP的MCBEAM程序建立乳腺癌术中放疗模型，利用MCSIM程序对患者术前CT模拟术中影像模型进行剂量计算，分析其剂量学特点，并对靶区剂量进行优化。结果通过蒙卡计算，优化的乳腺癌术中放疗模型方案为：靶区表面添加2-3 mm等效材料，靶区后缘添加5 mm等效材料再加2 mm铅板，这可以使90%以上等剂量线包绕整个靶区，同时可以消除＞110%的热点区域，肺最大剂量＜1 Gy。结论蒙特卡罗算法在乳腺癌IORT模型剂量学优化中的应用能显著提高IORT靶区剂量的计算精度，优化剂量分布，值得临床推广。     

着色芽生菌病治疗现状

着色芽生菌病（chromoblastomycosis，CBM）是由暗色真菌感染引起的皮肤及皮下组织的慢性肉芽肿性疾病，治疗困难且易复发。对该病的治疗方法主要有物理疗法、化学疗法及联合疗法等。该文就着色芽生菌病治疗的国内外现状及进展作一综述。     

同型半胱氨酸与前部缺血性视神经病变的相关性研究

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸与前部缺血性视神经病变发病的相关性。方法对31例34眼前部缺血性视神经病变(anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,AION)组和对照组进行血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine hcy)、叶酸(folic acid FA)和氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low density liportotenin oxLDL)水平进行检测。结果 AION组hcy水平(21.4±5.3)μmol/L高于对照组(9.3±3.4)μmol/L,FA水平(6.2±3.7)μg/mL低于对照组(11.3±4.2μg/mL),oxLDL浓度(46.6±5.5U/mL)明显高于对照组32.2±6.8U/mL),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);相关性比较,HCY的升高与oxLDL的升高呈正相关(r=0.87,P=0.007),与FA的水平呈负相关(r=-0.92,P=0.003)。结论 HCY的升高可能是AION的重要发病因素。