胎龄<28周早产儿动脉导管未闭的治疗进展

动脉导管未闭(PDA)是早产儿常见疾病,目前早产儿PDA的自然发展过程仍未完全明确,PDA发生的有些高危因素仍存在争议,对PDA是否进行药物、手术干预,以及何时进行药物、手术干预仍存在争议。尽管已经有相当多的证据证实动脉导管持续开放可能有害,但目前尚缺乏关闭导管治疗方案的远期益处或害处的相关证据。大多数临床试验旨在评估短期导管开放对患儿的影响。目前尚无评估动脉导管持续开放对早产儿死亡率及并发症影响的临床试验。近年来PDA治疗上最大的变化是减少对PDA的治疗。该文重点总结胎龄28周早产儿PDA的治疗策略。     

头穴围刺结合运动疗法对脑梗死大鼠血管新生机制的影响

目的:观察头穴围刺结合运动疗法对脑梗死大鼠血管新生的影响。方法:采用健康雄性wistar大鼠75只随机分为假手术组、模型组、头穴围刺组、运动组、围刺+运动组,每组15只。参照Zea-Longa报道的线栓法,制备大脑中动脉梗死(MCAO)脑缺血再灌注模型,采用对应的方法进行干预,干预14天后进行行为学评估;每组随机选取5只大鼠用TTC染色法测定脑梗死面积比;RT-PCR法检测β-catenin mRNA、GSK-3βmRNA表达水平,western-blot检测血管内皮细胞VEGF水平。结果:14天后围刺+运动组mNSS评分、脑梗死面积比优于模型组、头穴围刺组和运动组(P<0.01)。围刺+运动组与其它各组相比可明显上调β-catenin蛋白表达、下调GSK-3β水平、增加VEGF表达(P<0.01)。结论:头穴围刺结合运动疗法可促进脑梗死大鼠的血管新生。     

宣威地区与非宣威地区肺癌患者临床流行病学特征及病理类型特点分析

目的:分析宣威地区与非宣威地区的肺癌临床流行病学与病理特征。方法:以云南省肿瘤医院（昆明医科大学第三附属医院）2015年3月至2015年5月手术治疗的肺癌患者为研究对象，共295例，收集患者相关信息。将其分为宣威地区、非宣威地区进行统计。对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，包含病理类型、年龄、性别、吸烟史等。结果:宣威地区、非宣威地区肺癌患者男女比例为1.19∶1和1.69∶1。宣威地区患者平均年龄为［53.41±8.74(34~85)］岁，中位年龄53岁。非宣威地区肺癌患者平均年龄为［58.68±8.63(38~78)］岁，中位年龄59岁。宣威地区肺癌高发年龄为40~59岁段。宣威地区I期肺癌患者占比、T1期肺癌患者占比、N0期肺癌患者占比均高于非宣威地区。宣威地区男性腺癌鳞癌比远高于非宣威地区，差异有显著统计学意义。结论:宣威地区女性肺癌发病率更高，发病年龄更趋年轻化，腺癌比例高，吸烟与宣威地区男性腺癌高发关系不密切。     

弯刀综合征14例外科治疗结果分析

目的 探讨小儿弯刀综合征的诊断、外科治疗方法及治疗后的近、中期结果。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月到2017年12月手术治疗的14例弯刀综合征的临床资料。其中,男7例,女7例;年龄(18.23±28.55)个月,范围在23 d至9岁。合并其他心血管畸形10例,中位心8例,右肺发育不良7例,有侧支循环8例,合并肺动脉高压10例。用SPSS 16.0软件的寿命表(Life Table)做出本组患儿术后生存曲线,评估其近、中期生存状况。结果 9例异常肺静脉(scimitar vein,SV)从下腔静脉切下,端-侧吻合于左心房;SV分成2支2例,1例采用2支SV连同部分下腔静脉壁切下,另1例2支SV从下腔静脉从根部切下侧-侧吻合形成单根SV,均吻合于左心房;SV离左心房距离过大3例,2例将SV吻合在右心房右侧壁,再重建心房间隔,1例SV与自体心包卷管道连接再吻合于左心房。其他心血管畸形同期手术矫治。8例有侧支循环,3例心导管检查时被封堵,5例手术时切断缝合。本组14例手术死亡2例(14.29%),另有1例于术后1年2个月因肺炎、呼吸衰竭死亡。本组术后1、3、5年累积生存率分别为86%、73%和73%。术后出院时有1例移植的SV开口狭窄,血流速度为1.9 m/s;有3例随访期间发现移植SV狭窄,血流速度超过1.6 m/s。结论 弯刀综合征可合并其他心血管畸形、中位心、右肺发育不良等。一般将SV与左心房吻合;SV离左心房距离大或多条SV时,可采用个性化办法将SV吻合于左心房。侧支循环心导管检查时可封堵,或术中切断缝合。     

Brand-Name Antidepressants Outperform Their Generic Counterparts in Preventing Hospitalization for Depression: The Real-World Evidence from Taiwan

BackgroundGeneric antidepressants are approved on the market based on evidence of bioequivalence to their brand-name versions. We aimed to assess whether generic antidepressants exert equal effectiveness as their brand-name counterparts for treating patients with depressive disorders.MethodsIn a nationwide, population-based cohort in Taiwan from 1997 through 2013, patients with a diagnosis of a depressive disorder aged between 18 and 65 years who were new users of antidepressant drugs were classified into either the brand-name group or the generic group. All patients were followed up until medication discontinuation or the end of the study period. We assessed the risk for hospitalization as a primary outcome and augmentation therapy, daily dose, medication discontinuation, or switching to another antidepressant as secondary outcomes.ResultsA total of 277 651 brand-name users (35.8% male; mean age: 41.2 years) and 270 583 generic users (35.8% male; mean age: 41.0 years) were divided into 10 different antidepressant groups (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, escitalopram, citalopram, venlafaxine, mirtazapine, moclobemide, imipramine, and bupropion). We found that patients treated with the generic form of sertraline, paroxetine, escitalopram, venlafaxine, mirtazapine, and bupropion demonstrated significantly higher risks of psychiatric hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratios ranged from 1.20–2.34), compared to their brand-name counterparts. The differences between brand-name antidepressants and their generic counterparts in secondary outcomes varied across different drugs.ConclusionsCompared to most generic antidepressants, brand-name drugs exhibited more protective effects on psychiatric hospitalization for depressive patients. These findings could serve as an important reference for clinicians when encountering patients with depressive disorder.     

Epidemiology and risk factors of colorectal cancer in China

In China, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranked fourth and fifth in the highest incidence and mortality rates of all malignancies in 2018, respectively. Although these rates are below the world average, China placed first worldwide in the number of new CRC cases and CRC-related deaths because of its comparatively large population. This disease represents a threat to the health of population and incurs a heavy economic burden on the society and individuals. CRC has various risk factors, including age, sex, lifestyle, genetic factors, obesity, diabetes, gut microbiota status, and precancerous lesions. Furthermore, incidence and mortality rates of CRC are closely related to socioeconomic development levels, varying according to regional and population characteristics. Prevention is the main strategy to reduce incidence and mortality rates of CRC. This can be achieved through strategies stimulating lifestyle changes, healthy diet habits, and early screening for high-risk individuals. To reduce the burden of CRC, public health officials should promote prevention and management of modifiable risk factors through national policies. The rising incidence and mortality rates of CRC in China may be timely curbed by clarifying specific epidemiological characteristics, optimizing early screening strategies, and strictly implementing diagnosis and treatment guidelines. Thus, this study aimed to collect and report the current research status on epidemiology and risk factors of CRC in China.     

米非司酮联合宫瘤消胶囊对子宫肌瘤治疗效果

目的分析米非司酮和宫瘤消胶囊的联合应用对子宫肌瘤的临床治疗效果。方法本研究对象为80例子宫肌瘤患者,收治时间均在2017年3月—2018年3月期间。将上述子宫肌瘤患者随机分成两组,各40例。给予对照组患者口服米非司酮进行治疗,研究组患者在上述治疗的基础上增加宫瘤消胶囊口服治疗,记录2组患者治疗效果,性激素水平及子宫体积及肿瘤体积变化。结果(1)研究组患者的总体有效率显著高于对照组;(2)研究组患者的P、E2、LH及FSH均显著低于对照组;(3)研究组患者子宫体积及肿瘤体积均显著低于对照组。结论米非司酮片和宫瘤消胶囊的联合治疗对子宫肌瘤患者的治疗效果较显著。     

血液系统恶性肿瘤患者化疗后合并中性粒细胞减少性肠炎的诊治研究

目的分析成人血液系统恶性肿瘤患者接受强烈化疗后中性粒细胞减少性肠炎（NE）的发生率、危险因素及预后情况。方法收集2004至2013年接受化疗的1804例血液系统恶性肿瘤患者，记录患者血常规、凝血检测和血液生化检测结果，并记录患者年龄、性别、原发病、既往化疗次数、既往化疗方案中是否使用阿糖胞苷、临床症状、肠壁厚度、中性粒细胞最低计数、中性粒细胞缺乏持续时间、NE的治疗方法和预后等，探讨NE起病诱因、临床特征、腹部B超特点、症状的预后意义及化疗药物对发病的影响等。结果1804例患者中226例（12.5%）化疗后合并NE，化疗后10~19d起病，中位起病时间为化疗后第14天。发生NE后26例患者死亡，病死率11.5%。化疗药物包括阿糖胞苷、临床症状≥4项、中性粒细胞缺乏持续超过7d以及B超下肠壁厚度≥10mm的患者病死率相对较高。结论NE是接受强烈化疗的血液系统肿瘤患者的严重的并发症，发生NE后患者病死率较高。