人体解剖学APP课程教学设计和实践

<正>人体解剖学作为医学专业必修课,在"互联网+"的潮流中面临巨大的挑战和机遇~([1])。为了突破以"教师"为中心的传统教学模式~([2]),我们开发了基于手机应用程序(application,APP)的人体解剖学课程,现就使用人体解剖学APP课程的教学实践进行总结。1人体解剖学APP课程教学准备1.1人体解剖学APP课程的设计方案人体解剖学APP课程可分为线上课程和线下课程,两     

Characterisation of Crevice and Pit Solution Chemistries Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Contactless Conductivity Detector

The ability to predict structural degradation in-service is often limited by a lack of understanding of the evolving chemical species occurring within a range of different microenvironments associated with corrosion sites. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is capable of analysing nanolitre solution volumes with widely disparate concentrations of ionic species, thereby producing accurate and reliable results for the analysis of the chemical compositions found within microenvironment corrosion solutions, such as those found at crevice and pit corrosion sites. In this study, CE with contactless conductivity detection (CCD) has been used to characterize pitting and crevice corrosion solution chemistries for the first time. By using the capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection (CE-CCD) system, direct and simultaneous detection of seven metal cations (Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Fe³⁺, Fe²⁺, Cr³⁺, Mn²⁺, and Al³⁺) and chloride anions was achieved with a buffer solution of 10 mM 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and 0.5 mM cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide at pH 4 using a pre-column complexation method. The detection limits obtained for the metal cations and chloride anions were 100 and 10 ppb, respectively. The CE-CCD methodology has been demonstrated to be a versatile technique capable of speciation and quantifying the ionic species generated within artificial pit (a pencil electrode) and crevice corrosion geometries for carbon steels and nickel-aluminium bronze, thus allowing the evolution of the solution chemistry to be assessed with time and the identification of the key corrosion analyte targets for structural health monitoring.     

Sun‐exposure knowledge and protection behavior in a North Chinese population: a questionnaire‐based study

Background: Sun exposure can cause a range of skin disorders. Skin damage can be prevented by following certain sun‐protection measures. However, the majority of reported studies regarding sun‐exposure knowledge and behavior have involved Caucasian populations. Methods: A self‐administered multiple‐choice questionnaire was administered. The questionnaire consisted of 13 questions aimed at evaluating people's knowledge, awareness, and protection behavior regarding sun exposure, and their knowledge of sunscreens and sunscreen use. Results: A total of 623 volunteers were enrolled, including 238 men (38.2%) and 385 women (61.8%). The percentages of correct answers regarding sun‐exposure knowledge and awareness ranged from 50% to 80%. Overall, 58.8% used sunscreen as a sun‐protection measure in daily life, followed by use of protective clothes (49.3%), sun umbrella (45.4%), sunglasses (45.3%), and hat (42.2%). Fifty‐two percent thought that suntan was harmful or not attractive. The mean sun‐protection factor (SPF) of the sunscreens used was 27.7 ± 9.2 and the mean UVA protection grade (PA) was 2.3 ± 0.6. Conclusions: Knowledge and awareness concerning the harmful effects of sun exposure are widespread among the Chinese population. Sunscreens with high SPF and PA are the most commonly used among Chinese people. Clear sex differences were observed. There is a significant difference in the attitude toward suntan between Chinese and Caucasian populations.     

医用几丁糖凝胶预防输卵管复通后的粘连

背景：近年来随着微创技术的普及，输卵管介入复通治疗输卵管阻塞已较普遍，但患者术后粘连仍是困扰临床医生的一大难题。 目的：总结近年来医用几丁糖凝胶预防输卵管再通术后粘连的应用现状。 方法：由第一作者检索1998-02/2011-02万方数据库，以“医用几丁糖凝胶；腹腔镜；治疗；输卵管妊娠”等为检索词，检索几丁糖在输卵管介入再通术中预防术后粘连方面的文献。排除重复研究或较陈旧文献。共保留相关文献30篇进行分析。 结果与结论：医用几丁糖是一种具有良好生物相容性、生物可降解性、生物学活性的医用高分子多糖类物质。其具有广谱抑菌作用，选择性促进上皮细胞、内皮细胞生长而抑制成纤维细胞生长的生物学特性，从而促进组织生理性修复，促进切口迅速修复，抑制瘢痕形成，减少组织粘连，具有润滑、生物屏障作用，能有效的阻止粘连发生，促进输卵管功能的恢复，为再次妊娠打下基础。     

支气管腔内放疗治疗肺癌的疗效

目的：探讨支气管腔内后装近距离腔内放疗的方法、剂量和疗效。方法：用导丝导入法行支气管腔内放疗，可达亚段支气管。参考点20mm，单次剂量6-7GY，5-7日/间隔，2-4次/人。治疗中央型肺癌（均侵犯支气管）76例212人次。结果：病灶消失22例，缩小39例，稳定12例，进展3例，总有效率85.5％。起效时间均短于3周。结论：支气管腔内后装放疗是治疗腔内肿瘤及缓解伴随症状的有效方法。疗效及起效优于外照射和化疗。对复治患者仍然有效。     

超声下两种颈内静脉置管法的比较

目的 超声下比较两种路径颈内静脉置管方法的准确性及并发症的发生率,寻找更安全、可靠的颈内静脉穿刺路径。方法 选择需行颈内静脉穿刺患者60例,随机分为传统中路法穿刺组(A组,n=30)与颈内静脉搏动点法穿刺组(B组,n=30)。观察颈总动脉直径(D1)、颈内静脉直径(D2)、颈总动脉和颈内静脉重叠覆盖率、穿刺路径距颈内静脉中心距离(D3)、穿刺路径距颈总动脉外侧距离(D4)及可能触及颈总动脉例数。结果 与A组比较,B组D3较小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组D4明显大于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 颈内静脉搏动点法行颈内静脉穿刺更准确,并发症发生率更低。     

Chinese herbal compounds containing scorpion in the treatment of epilepsy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Epilepsy is 1 of the common neurodevelopmental diseases. It can affect about 0.5% to 1.0% of the population regardless of their race and social class. Despite the development of a wide range of treatments, there remaining about one-third of patients still experience seizures. Chinese herbal compounds containing scorpion (CHCCS) have shown an outstanding curative effect on nerve protection and epilepsy. But there''s no study to assess its clinical efficacy and safety.Methods:Each data of CHCCS in treating epilepsy from related English and Chinese databases will be searched. The primary outcome is the efficacy of the CHCCS on epilepsy. And the secondary outcomes include recurrence rate and side effects. The risk of bias will be assessed, and RevMan5.3 and Stata14.0 will be performed for meta-analysis. Finally, we will assess the level of the resulting evidence.Results:The results of the study will be combined with current evidence and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Conclusions:This study will specifically investigate the effectiveness and safety of CHCCS in treating epilepsy.INPLASY registration number:INPLASY202120056.     

The meta-analysis of the effect of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT diagnosis of prostatic cancer compared with bone scan

Background:⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) is a promising method for prostate cancer (PC) detection. However, the ability of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT to detect malignant bone lesions, and whether this method is superior to the existing bone imaging methods are still lack of systematic analysis.Purpose:To evaluate the value of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan in clinical diagnosis of prostatic cancer from the perspective of evidence-based medicine.Methods:PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Springer Link, Sinomed, CNKI, Wanfang database, and CQVIP database were searched to find the satisfactory studies that needed systematic review of trials and compared the value of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan. All studies published from inception to March 31, 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 reviewers independently evaluated and extracted the literature. Review Manager 5.3 was applied to evaluate the included literature quality. The heterogeneity of the included literature was tested by Meta Disc 1.4, and the effect model was selected according to the heterogeneity test results, and the sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), PLR, NLR and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were analyzed. After testing the heterogeneity results of literature by using the 95% confidence interval and the forest map.Results:A total of 4 studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, which included 318 patients, 120 cases with bone metastasis and 198 cases without bone metastasis. The results of summary evaluation for ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan in diagnosis of prostatic cancer as follow respectively: The SEN were 0.97 and 0.86; the SPE were 1.00 and 0.87; the DOR were 1468.33 and 36.23; PLR were 88.45 and 6.67; NLR were 0.05 and 0.19; and the area under curve (AUC) and 95% CI were 0.9973 (1.0000–0.9927) and 0.8838 (0.9584–0.8092).Conclusion:By comparing the diagnostic results of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan imaging diagnosis methods, the ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT has a higher SEN and SPE than bone scan, and it has a higher diagnostic efficiency for prostate cancer bone metastasis, which is worthy of clinical application.     

CHA2DS2-VASc score predicts the slow flow/no-reflow phenomenon in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with multivessel disease undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with multivessel disease (MVD) have a higher incidence of slow-flow/no-reflow (SF-NR) phenomenon during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) than those with single vessel disease. Currently, no effective tools exist to predict the risk of SF-NR in this population. The present study aimed to evaluate whether CHA₂DS₂-VASc score can be used as a simple tool to predict this risk.This study consecutively included STEMI patients hospitalized in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2005 to January 2015. Among these patients, 1032 patients with MVD were finally enrolled. Patients were divided into SF-NR (+) group and SF-NR (–) group according to whether SF-NR occurred during PPCI. SF-NR was defined as the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade ≤2.There were 134 patients (13%) in the SF-NR (+) group. Compared with the SF-NR (–) group, patients in the SF-NR (+) group are elder, with lower left ventricular ejection fraction and higher CHA₂DS₂-VASc score. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 (odds ratio [OR], 2.148; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.389–3.320; P = .001), current smoking (OR, 1.814; 95% CI, 1.19–2.764; P = .006), atrial fibrillation (OR, 2.892; 95% CI, 1.138–7.350; P = .03), complete revascularization (OR, 2.307; 95% CI, 1.202–4.429; P = .01), and total length of stents ≥40 mm (OR, 1.482; 95% CI, 1.011–2.172; P = .04) were independent risk factors of SF-NR. The incidence of SF-NR in patients with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 was 1.7 times higher than that in patients with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score <3. Additionally, patients with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 plus ≥2 risk factors have 3 times higher incidence of SF-NR than those with CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 plus 0 to 1 risk factor.CHA₂DS₂-VASc score ≥3 can be used as a simple and sensitive indicator to predict SF-NR phenomenon and guide the PPCI strategy in STEMI patients with MVD.     

GATA3基因变异导致甲状旁腺功能减退症患者的临床特征和分子机制

目的分析GATA3基因变异导致甲状旁腺功能减退症(hypoparathyroidism, HP)患者的临床特点及分子机制。方法在1975年至2020年间于北京协和医院内分泌科随诊并行靶向基因捕获联合二代测序的198例未成年人(≤18岁)起病的非手术性HP患者中筛查到5例GATA3基因致病/可疑致病性变异, 回顾性收集分析其临床资料, 并对基因检测结果进行生物信息学分析。结果 5例患者HP的起病年龄为0.5(0.1, 1.3)岁, 发病至诊断为HP和甲状旁腺功能减退-耳聋-肾发育不良(hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal dysplasia, HDR)综合征的时间分别为(7.0±5.2)年和(15.0±5.4)年。临床表现为手足搐搦伴癫痫样发作、颅内钙化各5例, 白内障1例, 听力减退4例, 肾脏畸形或缺如2例。治疗前血钙和血甲状旁腺激素(PTH)分别为(1.65±0.31)mmol/L和(4.64±2.63)ng/L。5例患者GATA3基因的杂合变异, 分别引起无义突变、移码突变和剪接位点突变, 经Clin Var数据库预测及美国医学遗传学和基因组学学会(...