Sodium MRI of the human kidney at 3 Tesla.

The sodium concentration gradient in the kidney (from the cortex to the medulla) serves to regulate fluid homeostasis and is tightly coupled to renal function. It was previously shown that renal function and pathophysiology can be characterized in rat kidneys by measuring the sodium gradient with (23)Na MRI. This study demonstrates for the first time the ability of (23)Na MRI to map the distribution of sodium in the human kidney and to quantify the corticomedullary sodium gradient. The study was performed on a 3T Signa LX scanner (GE) using an in-house-built quadrature surface coil. (23)Na images of volunteers were acquired using a 3D coronal gradient-echo sequence at a spatial resolution of 0.3 x 0.3 x 1.5 cm(3) in a 25-min scan time. The signal intensity (relative to the noise) increased linearly from the cortex to each of the medullae with a mean slope of 1.6 +/- 0.2 in relative arbitrary units per mm (Rel.u./mm, N = 6) and then decreased, as expected, toward the renal pelvis. Water deprivation (12 hr) induced a significant increase of 25% (P < 0.05) in this gradient. Based on these results, we suggest that sodium MRI can serve as a valuable noninvasive method for functional imaging of the human kidney.     

视疲劳中医古籍探源及其证治

中医学认为，肝开窍于目，劳瞻竭视，暗耗精血，而出现上述诸多证候，故称之为“肝劳”。古代医家对肝劳在病名、病因、病机方面做了较为全面的论述，在调养和治疗方面亦有述及，现分述如下     

血液透析动脉穿刺术临床研究

目的:研究动脉穿刺技术,提高1次穿刺成功率。方法:将166例急、慢性肾功能衷竭接受血液透析的患者,随机分为观察组84例和对照组82例。观察组用新的穿刺方法,即先在动脉(桡动脉或足背动脉)搏动最明显或最清晰处按一印记,然后进针,对照组用传统的穿刺方法穿刺。比较两组所需时间、1次成功率、血流量、针眼处渗血、疼痛程度以及并发症。结果:两组穿刺所需时间、血流量、针眼处渗血,均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:观察组用新的穿刺方法,能明显提高1次穿刺成功率,缩短穿刺时间,减轻患者痛苦,减少并发症发生。     

Digital imaging with a photostimulable phosphor in the chest of newborns

To evaluate use of a digital photostimulable phosphor imaging system in the neonatal nursery, 150 newborns were divided into three groups of 50. In the first two groups, screen-film and computed radiographs of the chest were obtained at the same radiation exposure; in the third group, computed radiographs were obtained with a 50% dose reduction (half-exposure computed radiographs). All images were blindly evaluated by three readers who scored the quality of visualization of the mediastinum, lung, bone, soft tissues, and endotracheal and nasogastric tubes, and also image density. No statistical differences in visualization of tubes existed among the three groups. Visualization of the mediastinum, lung, bones, and soft tissues was statistically significantly better on computed radiographs than on half-exposure computed radiographs; visualization of the lungs, bones, and soft tissues was statistically significantly better on screen-film radiographs than half-exposure computed radiographs. Image density was statistically better on computed and half-exposure computed radiographs than on screen-film radiographs.     

腹腔镜辅助中位肛门闭锁成形术11例报告

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助中位肛门闭锁成形术的可行性。方法 腹腔镜监视下,游离松解直肠;断离修补直肠尿道（阴道）瘘管,其中6例经腹腔镜离断修补,4例经会阴切口离断修补;然后在电刺激仪的引导下经会阴肌肉中心1.0cm左右小切口向盆底肌肉中心分离形成隧道,最后将直肠从隧道中拖出,与会阴皮肤吻合,同时关闭结肠造瘘口。结果 11例患儿均在腹腔镜辅助下完成肛门成形术,腹腔镜手术操作时间平均32.8min（25～78min）,出血量平均5.3ml（2～10ml）,无需要输血者。术后11d去除尿管或膀胱造瘘管,无尿道瘘或憩室出现,无切口感染发生。11例术后随访3～66个月,平均45个月。根据肛门功能临床评分标准评分（6分法）,排便优8例（72.7%）,良3例（27.3%）。结论 腹腔镜辅助中位肛门闭锁成形术处理直肠泌尿系瘘方便,辨认盆底肌中心准确及避免切口污染等优点,是治疗中位肛门闭锁有效方法。     

老年心力衰竭患者外周血红细胞膜脂流动性的变化及与心功能的相关性

目的观察红细胞膜脂流动性（LFU）在老年充血性心力衰竭（CHF）中的变化及其意义。方法选择CHF患者40例,正常对照者30例,用荧光分光光度计偏振技术测定外周血红细胞LFU。结果CHF组红细胞LFU明显低于正常对照组（P<0.01）;心功能越差,LFU越低（P<0.05和P<0.01）。结论红细胞LFU在一定程度上反映了CHF程度。     

第2代(温控)射频消融子宫内膜切除术

目的探讨第2代（温度控制）射频消融子宫内膜切除术的疗效、安全性和可行性。方法2004年9月-2006年2月由上海市4家医院联合开展一项多中心、前瞻性研究,完成功能性子宫出血温控射频消融子宫内膜切除术81例。在超声监护下,射频治疗以温度控制模式输出功率50 W、温度设定85℃,按照两侧宫角、宫底、宫体、下段部位顺序射频消融子宫内膜。每个治疗点治疗时间为4 min。结果81例术后随访4-17个月。术后6个月随访70例,其中闭经48.6%（34/70）,点滴状月经41.4%（29/70）,少量月经10%（7/70）,总有效率为100%（70/70）。术后12个月随访67例,其中闭经56.7%（38/67）,点滴状月经29.9%（20/67例）,少量月经9.0%（6/67）,正常月经量3.0%（2/67）,月经量过多1.5%（1/67）,总有效率98.5%（66/67）。结论温控射频消融子宫内膜切除术不仅使患者的异常子宫出血在保留子宫的情况下得到有效的治疗,同时具有操作方便、治疗时间短、并发症少、术后恢复快等特点。     

survivin、P53蛋白在非小细胞肺癌的表达及其相关性研究

目的 :研究survivin、P5 3蛋白在非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)组织的表达及其生物学意义 ,并探讨其相关性。　方法 :用免疫组化 (S P法 )染色技术对 95例NSCLC组织石蜡标本进行survivin、P5 3蛋白表达的检测和分析。　结果 :survivin、P5 3在肺癌细胞中阳性表达率 (6 2 .1 %、5 5 .8% )明显高于癌旁的正常肺组织 (1 4 %、7% ) (P <0 .0 1 )。survivin的表达与肿瘤病理分级、组织学分型、淋巴结转移、TNM分期无明显相关 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;P5 3表达与淋巴结转移相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与肿瘤病理分级、组织学分型、TNM分期无明显相关 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;此外 ,survivin与P5 3蛋白的表达呈显著正相关 (r =0 .5 72 ,P <0 .0 1 )。　结论 :凋亡抑制蛋白survivin与突变型P5 3蛋白在NSCLC的发生发展中可能起协同作用 ,也提示抑癌基因p5 3(野生型 )可能对survivin的表达起负反馈调节作用。survivin和P5 3蛋白可作为靶点用于NSCLC靶向治疗的研究     

多排螺旋CT三维成像诊断颌面部骨折

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT三维成像诊断颌面部骨折的价值.方法:对32例颌面部骨折患者用多层螺旋CT薄层扫描,分别用多平面重建(MPR)法,表面阴影遮盖(SSD)法和容积渲染成像(VR)法进行三维成像,观察3种方法对颌面部骨折的显示情况.结果:32例颌面部骨折患者,MPR法能清晰显示全部骨折及周围软组织损害情况,但图像缺乏立体感;SSD法图像立体感强,但对细小骨折显示欠佳;VR法对所有骨折能清晰显示,特别是对细小骨折及无移位的骨折显示明显优于SSD法,但其对复杂解剖结构的立体显示则不及SSD.结论:多层螺旋CT三维成像对颌面部骨折的诊断具有重要价值,MPR法、SSD法和VR法显示病变各有优劣,在实际应用中,最好三者结合使用.     

闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折

目的探讨临床应用闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折的疗效。方法笔者自2002年6月～2005年5月，采用闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折28例。结果获得随访28例，时间4～20个月，平均11个月。骨折平均愈合时间5个月，根据HSS膝关节临床功能评定：优12例，良11例，优良率82．2％，可5例（17．8％），无术后感染及内固定断裂。结论闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉能提供坚强内固定，出血少，创伤小，有利于骨折的愈合和膝关节功能的恢复，是治疗股骨远端骨折的较理想方法。