参附注射液对兔缺血/再灌注心肌保护作用的实验研究

目的研究999参附注射液对再灌注新西兰大白兔心肌功能的影响及其机制。方法采用在体兔缺血/再灌注模型,用LMS-2B型二导生理仪记录和监测心肌的收缩功能指标,以Evans蓝-TTC法染色测量心肌梗死范围,以电镜和缺口末端标记法(TUNEL法)观测心肌细胞凋亡的情况。结果与缺血/再灌注组相比,参附注射液治疗组LVSP恢复率和 dp/dtmax恢复率明显增高,心肌梗死范围明显减少,心肌细胞凋亡数亦明显减少。结论参附注射液能改善缺血/再灌注心肌的收缩功能,缩小心肌梗死范围,对缺血/再灌注心脏具有保护作用。     

Warfarin treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation: Observing outcomes associated with varying levels of INR control

Introduction

We aimed to determine the level of INR control associated with reduced stroke and mortality.

Material and methods

The study used a retrospective cohort design using linked inpatient, haematology and mortality data from Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan, UK.Anonymised patients admitted with a diagnosis of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) were defined as warfarin or non-warfarin treated by number of repeated International Normalised Ratio (INR) tests. Warfarin treated patients (> 5 INR tests) categorised as at moderate or high risk of stroke (CHADS₂ score ≥ 2) with varying levels of INR control were compared to those who did not receive warfarin treatment using Cox proportional hazards models controlling for age, sex and CHADS₂ score. Outcome measures were time to stroke and mortality.

Results

6,108 patients with NVAF were identified. 2,235 (36.6%) of these patients had five or more INR readings and of these 486 (21.7%) had CHADS₂ score ≥ 2. There was significant improvement in time to stroke event in those patients with INR control of greater than 70% of time in therapeutic range (2.0 to 3.0) compared with the non-warfarin treatment group. Overall survival was significantly improved for all warfarin treated groups with INR control of greater than 40% of time in range.

Conclusions

Patients with INR control of above 70% of time in range had a significantly reduced risk of stroke. Patient suitability for warfarin treatment should be continuously assessed based on their ability to maintain a consistently therapeutic INR.     

Cerebral blood flow response to flavanol-rich cocoa in healthy elderly humans

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral ischemia is a common, morbid condition accompanied by cognitive decline. Recent reports on the vascular health benefits of flavanol-containing foods signify a promising approach to the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Our study was designed to investigate the effects of flavanol-rich cocoa (FRC) consumption on cerebral blood flow in older healthy volunteers. METHODS: We used transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound to measure mean blood flow velocity (MFV) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in thirty-four healthy elderly volunteers (72 +/- 6 years) in response to the regular intake of FRC or flavanol-poor cocoa (FPC). RESULTS: In response to two weeks of FRC intake, MFV increased by 8% +/- 4% at one week (p = 0.01) and 10% +/- 4% (p = 0.04) at two weeks. In response to one week of cocoa, significantly more subjects in the FRC as compared with the FPC group had an increase in their MFV (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we show that dietary intake of FRC is associated with a significant increase in cerebral blood flow velocity in the MCA as measured by TCD. Our data suggest a promising role for regular cocoa flavanol's consumption in the treatment of cerebrovascular ischemic syndromes, including dementias and stroke.     

Gastric cancer susceptibility is not linked to pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms in whites: a Nationwide Multicenter Study in Spain

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Recent studies have reported an association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and GC risk. However, results are inconsistent among studies from different geographic regions and ethnic groups. Our goal was to evaluate the influence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and host genetic factors on GC susceptibility in a population of Spanish white GC patients. METHODS: DNA from 404 unrelated patients with GC and 404 sex- and age-matched healthy controls was typed for several functional polymorphisms in pro- (IL-1B, TNFA, LTA, IL-12p40) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-1RN, IL-10, TGFB1) genes by PCR, RFLP, and TaqMan assays. H. pylori infection and CagA/VacA antibody status were also determined by western blot serology. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis identified H. pylori infection with cagA strains (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.77-3.66), smoking habit (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.25-2.93), and positive family history of GC (OR 3.67, 95% CI 2.01-6.71) as independent risk factors for GC. None of the cytokine gene polymorphisms analyzed in this study were associated with susceptibility to GC development, whether GC patients were analyzed as a group or categorized according to anatomic location or histological subtype. Some simultaneous combinations of proinflammatory genotypes reportedly associated with greater GC risk yielded no significant differences between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that, at least in some white populations, the contribution of the cytokine gene polymorphisms evaluated in this study (IL-1B, IL-1RN, IL-12p40, LTA, IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-B1) to GC susceptibility may be less relevant than previously reported.     

三种牙科钴铬生物烤瓷合金抗拉强度的对比测试研究

目的 对比测试新型国产钴铬生物烤瓷合金（CW-CC）、德国产BEGO Wirron bord C合金和德国Reminum 2000合金的抗拉强度,为进一步的研制开发适合临床要求的生物合金提供实验依据.方法 将3种合金各制备5个试样,打磨修整后用万能测试机测量其合金的抗拉强度,并采用SEM分析其抗拉强度的差异.结果 CW-CC钴铬生物烤瓷合金抗拉强度（785±21）MPa与德国Reminum 2000合金抗拉强度（764±15）MPa比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,与德国产BEGO Wirron bord C合金抗拉强度（680±12）MPa比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 新型国产钴铬生物烤瓷合金的抗拉强度达到烤瓷合金的性能要求.     

包涵体肌炎的临床与病理特点(附2例报告)

目的 探讨包涵体肌炎的临床与病理特点。方法 对2例包涵体肌炎患者的临床表现、肌肉组织化学、酶组织化学和超微结构等资料进行分析。结果 本组2例患者分别于41岁及54岁发病，均以双下肢无力起病，远端重于近端，并逐渐向上肢发展；血清肌酶轻～中度升高；肌电图示肌源性损害；肌肉活检光镜下主要表现为肌纤维内出现镶边空泡，少数变性坏死纤维，伴炎性细胞浸润。电镜观察证实肌浆内有大量涡轮状髓样小体及管状细丝包涵体。结论 包涵体肌炎临床表现缺乏特异性，肌肉病理学检查是诊断包涵体肌炎的重要手段。     

混合糖电解质注射液在腹部中等以上手术病人术后补液中的应用

目的探讨混合糖电解质注射液在腹部中等以上手术病人术后补液中的应用。方法2006年12月至2007年5月中国人民解放军南京军区南京总医院全军普通外科研究所将63例胃肠外科中等以上手术后病人随机分为治疗组(混合糖电解质注射液,31例)和对照组(复方电解质葡萄糖注射液,32例),术后连续输注3d,1500mL/d,其他不足的液体及电解质按病人需要再补充。监测病人术后输液前、输液后0h、2h血糖变化,输液前和连续输液3d后血葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶、锌、肝肾功能、尿糖和尿酮体的变化,观察生命体征及不良反应情况。结果由于较快恢复进食等原因对照组有3例拒绝输液脱落、治疗组有1例脱落,均未出现相关不良反应和肝肾功能损害。两组病人术后血糖均较术前有所升高,输液后连续3d治疗组血糖增加幅度均低于对照组,术后第1天输液后2h和术后第2天输液时血糖与入院时差值治疗组小于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P=0.009,0.043)。输液后第3天两组病人血葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶均有所下降,其中治疗组下降幅度低于对照组,差异无显著性意义。治疗组输液后血锌明显增加,与对照组相比差异有显著性意义(P=0.021)。结论腹部中等以上手术后成年病人术后应用混合糖电解质注射液,既可以有效补充血容量和能量,又能补充微量元素锌,同时对血糖水平影响较小。     

肾周脂肪肉瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的 探讨肾周脂肪肉瘤的外科治疗方法。方法 总结分析2000—2006年间收治的28例肾周脂肪肉瘤病人经手术治疗的临床资料。结果 肾周脂肪肉瘤临床主要表现为进行性增大的腹部包块与消化道症状；起源于右肾周17例，左肾周11例。28例全部行手术切除。联合患侧肾脏切除19例，结肠部分切除10例，小肠部分切除8例，胃部分切除2例，脾切除2例，部分膈肌切除、胸腔闭式引流5例。平均输血1870mL。结论 手术切除是目前治疗肾周脂肪肉瘤惟一有效的方法，根治性手术必须包括肿瘤、肾脏和肾周脂肪囊在内的整块切除。