Clinical Outcomes of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty after High Tibial Osteotomy and Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

As more high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) are performed, orthopaedic surgeons realize that more HTO and UKA failures will require revision to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the future. To systematically evaluate the clinical outcomes of TKA after HTO and TKA after UKA, the Embase, PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies investigating revision TKA after HTO and UKA published up to June 2021. RevMan version 5.3 was used to perform the meta‐analysis. The revision TKA after HTO and revision TKA after UKA groups were compared in terms of operative time, range of motion (ROM), knee score, postoperative complications, postoperative infection, revision, and revision implants used. Nine studies were ultimately included in the meta‐analysis. Results revealed that the knee score for the revision TKA after HTO group was better than that of the revision TKA after UKA group (MD 4.50 [95% CI 0.80–8.20]; p = 0.02). The revision TKA after HTO group had a lower revision rate (OR 0.65 [95% CI 0.55–0.78]; p < 0.00001) and fewer revision implants used (OR 0.11 [95% CI 0.05–0.23]; p < 0.00001). There were no statistical differences in operation time (MD ‐2.00 [95% CI −11.22 to 7.21]; p = 0.67), ROM (MD ‐0.04 [95% CI ‐3.69–3.61]; p = 0.98), postoperative complications (OR 1.41 [95% CI 0.77–2.60]; p = 0.27), or postoperative infections (OR 0.89 [95% CI 0.61–1.29]; p = 0.53). To conclude, the revision rate of revision TKA after UKA was greater, and more revision implants were required. It is important for orthopaedic surgeons to preserve bone during primary UKA.     

不同启动子指导的HSV1-sr39TK/GCV系统对小鼠淋巴细胞的敏感性研究

目的观察慢病毒载体中不同启动子指导的突变型单纯疱疹病毒1型胸苷激酶(HSV1-sr39TK)基因在小鼠T淋巴细胞内的表达差异,并进一步比较对丙氧鸟苷(ganciclovir,GCV)的敏感性。方法用亚克隆技术将PCR扩增的HSV1-sr39TK基因分别连接至慢病毒载体不同启动子后,然后在HSV1-sr39TK基因后以内部核糖体进入位点(internal ribosome entry sites,IRES)连接绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent pro-tein,GFP)报告基因;采用三质粒包装系统包装病毒,将病毒感染刀豆蛋白A(concanavalin,ConA)激活的小鼠淋巴细胞,分别用流式细胞术、RT-PCR法鉴定HSV1-sr39TK和GFP基因在小鼠淋巴细胞的表达,用Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)法观察感染不同病毒的淋巴细胞对前体药物GCV的敏感性。结果不同启动子指导的HSV1-sr39TK及GFP基因均可在小鼠淋巴细胞表达,巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)启动子驱动表达能力最强,磷酸甘油激酶(phosphoglycerokinase,PGK)启动子最弱。感染含CMV启动子病毒的淋巴细胞对GCV的IC50值最小。结论在小鼠淋巴细胞内CMV启动子驱动的慢病毒载体HSV1-sr39TK基因表达最强,对前体药物GCV敏感性最高。     

腭器官培养在腭裂发病机制研究中的应用

唇腭裂是人类最常见的出生缺陷之一,其发病机理复杂.多学科的研究表明,唇腭裂的病因涉及众多因素,受到多个因素的调控.其中导致腭裂发生的原因之一是腭板未能融合,而对于腭板融合过程的研究,在体内受诸多因素的限制,因此可以采用体外腭器官培养的方法进行研究.长期实践证明,与体内实验相比,体外腭器官培养模型可以模拟体内腭裂形成的过程.本文就腭器官培养方法在腭裂发病机制研究中的作用作一综述.     

脓毒症大鼠生物喋呤首要限速酶与铁代谢的实验研究

目的探讨腹腔感染致脓毒症时重要器官生物喋呤首要限速酶即:三磷酸鸟苷环水解酶I(GTP-CHI)、铁代谢的病理生理意义。方法腹腔感染致脓毒症模型采用盲肠结扎穿孔法(CLP),用逆转录-聚合酶链反应方法测定24只大鼠肝、肺、肾等组织三磷酸鸟苷环水解酶I(GTP-CHI)mRNA的表达;用分光光度法测定其铁含量。结果脓毒症大鼠2h时肝、肺、肾组织GTP-CHImRNA的表达显著增多,而铁含量变化不显著。结论GTP-CHImRNA参与了腹腔感染所致脓毒症的发生、发展过程,而与铁代谢的关系有待于进一步研究。     

检出3株携带新型基因盒组合形式Ⅰ类整合子的铜绿假单胞菌

目的 研究整合子介导铜绿假单胞菌耐药及多重耐药的机制。方法 整合子PCR法扩增整合子的可变区;联合限制性片段长度多态性分析（RFLP）和DNA测序技术分析整合子可变区的耐药基因。结果 98株南京地区铜绿假单胞菌中有35株（35．7％）整合子可变区扩增阳性,扩增片段大小1．0-4．0kb。共检出6种不同的可变区,含有编码对氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类和磺胺类抗菌药耐药的基因,其中有3例为新型基因盒组合形式,包括aadA6-orfD、aadB-blaP1和aadB-aac（6′）-Ⅱa-blaCARB-8,Genbank基因号分别为DQ 091179、DQ 141316和DQ 288251。结论 整合子参与了铜绿假单胞菌的耐药和多重耐药,主要携带氨基糖苷类耐药基因,首次报道了3种携带新型基因盒组合形式的Ⅰ类整合子。     

早期糖尿病鼠视网膜HIF1α及VEGF表达的意义

目的 探讨缺氧诱导因子1α（hypoxia-inducible factor 1α,HIF-1α）和血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）在早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜上的表达及意义.方法 用链尿佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）腹腔注射制作大鼠早期糖尿病视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy,DR）模型.于模型建立后1个月处死大鼠,取眼球做石蜡切片及视网膜铺片.用免疫组化法检测HIF-1α及VEGF在视网膜的表达.用胰酶消化视网膜并行PAS视网膜血管染色,观察管视网膜血管形态变化.结果 早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜的HIF-1α可能由高浓度血糖诱导,从而上调VEGF的表达.结论 HIF1α和VEGF在糖尿病视网膜新生血管的发生过程中可能起着重要的作用.     

六味银杏胶囊的毒理学研究

目的观察动物口服六味银杏胶囊的急性毒性和长期毒性反应。方法采用最大给药量法测定小鼠口服六味银杏胶囊的急性毒性;以20.0,10.0,5.0 g生药.kg-1.d-13个剂量的六味银杏胶囊(相当于临床用量68、34、17倍)灌胃SD大鼠,连续24周,观察服药24周及停药4周后,大鼠的生长发育、血液学、血液生化学、组织病理指标的变化。结果小鼠1天内口服六味银杏胶囊最大给药量为190.0 g生药/kg,相当于临床用量的700倍。长期毒性实验中,各剂量组与空白对照组比较,大鼠一般状况,体重增长,血液学、血液生化指标,主要脏器系数,肉眼观察及镜下组织形态学观察均无明显差异或异常。结论六味银杏胶囊临床用药范围内应用是比较安全的。     

Differential Associations of Intakes of Whole Grains and Coarse Grains with Risks of Cardiometabolic Factors among Adults in China

There is a lack of studies on the association between whole grain intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in China and the current definition of whole grains is inconsistent. This study defined whole grains in two ways, Western versus traditional, and examined their associations with the risks of major cardiometabolic factors (CMFs) among 4706 Chinese adults aged ≥18 years, who participated in surveys both in 2011 and in 2015. Diet data were collected by consecutive 3 d 24 h recalls, together with household seasoning weighing. Whole grains were defined as grains with a ratio of fiber to carbohydrate of ≥0.1, while coarse grains were defined as grains except for rice and its products, and wheat and its products. Multivariable logistic regressions were modeled to analyze the associations of intakes of whole grains and coarse grains, respectively, with risks of major CMFs including obesity-, blood pressure-, blood glucose- and lipid-related factors, which were defined by International Diabetes Federation and AHA/NHLBI criteria. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of elevated LDL-C decreased with the increasing intake levels of whole grains (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46–0.88, p-trend < 0.05). Moreover, adults with the whole grain intake of 50.00 to 150.00 g/day had 27% lower odds of overweight and obesity (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54–0.99) and 31% lower odds of elevated LDL-C (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.96), as compared with non-consumers. In conclusion, given the significant nutrient profiles of whole grains and coarse grains, the adults with higher intakes of whole grains only may have a lower risk of LDL-C and overweight and obesity.     

水通道蛋白1在喉癌组织中的表达及分布

目的：明确水通道蛋白1（AQP1）在喉癌组织中的表达和分布,并探讨其在喉癌发病中可能的作用机制及意义。方法：取喉癌组织20例及癌旁正常组织15例,应用RT-PCR,Western blot,免疫组织化学技术检测AQP1蛋白在喉癌和正常对照组织中的表达及分布。结果：AQP1表达于正常喉黏膜固有层的血管内皮细胞及喉黏膜腺体上。在喉癌组中主要表达于肿瘤的血管内皮细胞,在肿瘤上皮细胞和癌巢中亦有表达。喉癌中AQP1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平较癌旁正常组织增多,二者之间差异有统计学意义。结论：AQP1在喉癌组织中表达增高,在癌旁正常组织中较低,提示AQP1在喉癌发病中的重要作用有待深入研究。