Metastatic pulmonary calcification in renal failure mimicking pulmonary embolism on lung scan

Metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) characterized by diffuse calcium deposition in the lungs is known to occur in patients with chronic renal failure. However, MPC with pulmonary artery calcification is uncommon and has only been detected in a few patients with severe disorders. A 48-year-old man with chronic renal failure had cough and progressive dyspnea. Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) lung scans showed multiple large-sized mismatched V/Q defects in the left middle and lower zones of lungs, which was consistent with a high probability of pulmonary embolism (PE). The findings of pulmonary scintigraphy resulted from MPC with pulmonary artery calcification, revealed by simultaneous technetium-99m MDP scintigraphy, low-dose computed tomography, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest.     

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the female breast: a case report

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the breast is very rare. Sonographic findings of MFH of the breast have not been reported before. We herein report a case of a 46-year-old woman with a histologically proved MFH of her right breast. Ultrasound examination revealed a 6-cm tumor mass with solid and cystic components, which were attributed after histological examination to hypercellularity and hemorrhage within the tumor. Histopathological diagnosis was compatible with MFH of the breast.     

Ocular manifestations and surgical management of lid coloboma in a Chinese infant with linear nevus sebaceous syndrome

An 8-month-old Chinese girl with linear nevus sebaceous syndrome had a right upper lid coloboma and right superior scleral ectasia. At 20 months old, successful surgical repair of the lid coloboma was performed with particular attention paid to the sclera ectasia.     

Calmette-Guérin bacillus sternal osteomyelitis diagnosed by DNA sequencing analysis of PNC A

Sternal osteomyelitis is an uncommon complication of Calmette-Guérin bacillus vaccination. Herein we describe a 4-month-old Taiwanese infant with a growing parasternal mass resulting from sternal osteomyelitis. By using DNA sequencing analysis, we identified the etiology as Calmette-Guérin bacillus vaccination.     

Tuberculous pyomyositis of the temporal muscle in a nonimmunocompromised woman: diagnosis by sonography

Pyomyositis (PM) is an uncommon cause of acute bacterial infection occurring in skeletal muscle. This disease is rare in non-tropical areas, and PM caused by Mycobacterium is very rare in a non-immunocompromised person. The presence of temporal area swelling may lead to a differential diagnosis toward more common pathologies, such as a complication of mastoiditis or a neoplasm of the temporal area. This article describes a case of tuberculous pyomyositis in a non-immunocompromised woman, the diagnosis of which was confirmed by sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration.     

T-cell-mediated mechanisms involved in resolution of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection of mice

Resolution of a HSV-2 infection of the female genital tract has been shown to be T-cell dependent. The T-cell populations and mechanisms involved in clearance of virus from the genital epithelium were examined in this study. T lymphocytes expressing either alphabeta or gammadelta T-cell receptors (TCR) have been detected in the vaginal epithelium of mice. The involvement of gammadelta T cells in HSV-2 clearance was tested by intravaginal (ivag) challenge of mice depleted of alphabeta T cells by administration of specific antibodies and of mice lacking gammadelta T cells due to specific deletion of the delta TCR gene. The results of these studies strongly suggest that gammadelta T cells are not required for or involved in clearance of HSV-2 from the genital epithelium. Mechanisms of virus clearance employed by alphabeta T cells were also examined. Although HSV-specific lytic activity could be demonstrated ex vivo in populations of vaginal exudate cells from HSV-infected mice, clearance of virus did not require either perforin- or Fas/Fas ligand (FasL)-dependent cytolytic pathways. In contrast, virus resolution was significantly impaired following neutralization of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Together, these results suggest that non-lytic mechanisms mediated by alphabeta T cells were responsible for resolution of a genital HSV-2 infection.