左心房和心耳部自发超声造影现象的血流动力学状态及其意义

采用双平面经食管超声心动图观察分析了１２０例受检者左房及其耳部自发超声造影（ＳＥＣ）现象的血流动力学状态及有关因素．结果表明，ＳＥＣ的发生率占受检人数的３７．５％．在二尖瓣狭窄患者则高达８０％．在ＳＥＣ阳性组，房颤，血栓和／或栓塞的发生率明显高于ＳＥＣ阴性组，且其左房内径明显增大，心耳内血流速度则显著减慢．相关及回归分析发现，心耳内的负向血流速度与ＳＥＣ的产生具有最高的相关性．而ＳＥＣ、房颤则与血栓和／或栓塞显著相关．结论：①左房及其耳部ＳＥＣ最常见于二尖瓣狭窄；②左房扩大及房颤是产生ＳＥＣ的环境条件，而左房功能减退，血流缓慢或淤滞则是造成ＳＥＣ的主要原因；③ＳＥＣ现象是血栓形成和／或栓塞的独立预报因子，在伴有房颤的情况下，血栓和／或栓塞的危险性将大大增加．     

人自体血清培养的鼻中隔软骨细胞

目的:比较人自体血清和胎牛血清对人鼻中隔软骨细胞增殖和分化的影响。方法:实验于2004-08/2005-03在解放军第一军医大学珠江医院全军儿科中心实验室完成。①全血标本取自健康鼻中隔偏曲手术患者,男2例(分别为27岁和32岁),女1例(35岁),经患者知情同意。②自体血清的制备:抽取患者全血40mL,室温静置1h后,离心(1000r/min,30min)后取上清约20mL。③取手术患者的鼻中隔软骨分离软骨细胞进行原代培养,设人自体血清组和胎牛血清组,分别加含体积分数为0.1的自体血清和胎牛血清的1640培养基,并进行传代培养。④取第3代软骨细胞接种于培养板上培养,设人自体血清组、胎牛血清组和对照组(无血清培养),分别于培养后的第1,2,3,4,5,6天行四甲基偶氮唑盐检测。⑤取第2,3,4,5,6代软骨细胞接种于养板上培养,设人自体血清组、胎牛血清组和对照组,行软骨基质蛋白多糖含量(35S-Na2SO4掺入量)测定。⑥取第2代软骨细胞,分别将人自体血清组和胎牛血清组的细胞接种于两个25mL的培养瓶中培养至细胞传代老化,观察细胞表型。结果:①在体积分数为0.1的血清浓度下,人自体血清和胎牛血清对人鼻中隔软骨细胞增殖作用差异不明显(P>0.05)。②人鼻中隔软骨细胞蛋白多糖合成量的比较显示两种血清对第2,3,4,5代软骨细胞软骨基质蛋白多糖的合成作用差异不明显(P>0.05),但在第6代,人自体血清组软骨细胞蛋白多糖合成量明显高于胎牛血清组(P<0.01)。③胎牛血清人鼻中隔软骨细胞到第6代几乎所有细胞变为梭形,人自体血清培养的软骨细胞到第7代以后才绝大部分变为梭形细胞,初步证实了人自体血清在维持鼻中隔软骨细胞表型方面也有一定的作用。结论:人自体血清能够有效地促进软骨细胞增殖和蛋白多糖合成同时维持细胞表型。     

寰枢椎损伤螺旋CT扫描及CT三维重建技术的临床应用

目的 探讨寰枢椎CT平扫及三维重建技术在临床诊断中的作用。方法 30例寰枢椎损伤患者均行X线检查、CT平扫及CT三维重建检查。评价CT平扫及CT三维重建技术的临床意义。结果 线平片检查对寰枢关节脱位、寰枢椎脱位、枢椎齿状突骨折、寰椎骨折、枢椎椎体及附件骨折的漏诊率分别为23．07％(3／13)、25．00％(2／8)、50．00％(5／10)、44．44％(4／9)和42．85％(3／7)。CT扫描检查对以上寰枢椎损伤的脱位漏诊率分别为7．69％(1／7)、0、20．00％(2／10)、11．11％(1／9)和14．28％(1／7)；而CT三维重建则无一漏诊。结论 X线平片对寰枢关节脱位、寰枢椎脱位显示较好，对枢椎齿状突骨折、寰枢椎骨折易造成漏诊或诊断不确切。CT平扫对寰枢关节脱位、寰枢椎脱位显示较清楚，对枢椎齿状突骨折、寰椎骨折、枢椎椎体及附件骨折，可能因阅片医生临床经验不足或局部解剖不熟悉，易造成误诊或漏诊。CT三维重建不仅能直观地、精确地显示病变的立体形态，还能详细了解各解剖结构的空间关系，是目前诊断寰枢椎损伤的理想方法。     

Reduction in Peyronie's‐like plaque size using a vacuum erection device in a rat model of Peyronie's disease via the TGF‐β/SMAD signalling pathway

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea (TA). This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of a vacuum erection device (VED) in an animal model of PD and explore the possible mechanisms. Twenty‐seven male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. The sham group (group A) (N = 9) received a 50‐μl‐saline vehicle injection into the TA, while the remaining 18 rats (groups B and C) received a TGF‐β1 injection into the TA. The treatment group (group C) underwent VED therapy for 10 days after the TGF‐β1 injection. Erectile function was then assessed at day 42. Rats injected with TGF‐β1 showed significantly lower intracavernous pressures than those in the sham group (p < 0.0001). After VED therapy, erectile function was significantly better in the treatment group than in the PD group (group B) (p < 0.0147). Masson's trichrome staining confirmed Peyronie's‐like plaques at the TGF‐β1 injection site in the PD group. Furthermore, the treatment group showed markedly smaller fibrotic plaque sizes than the PD group. A significant increase in TGF‐β1, SMAD2, SMAD3 and p‐SMAD2/3 protein expression was observed 6 weeks after the TGF‐β1 injection. However, the expression of the same proteins decreased after VED therapy. Protein expression trends were confirmed using immunohistochemistry analysis. The findings of this study demonstrate that VED therapy can reduce Peyronie's‐like plaque size in a rat model of PD while simultaneously improving erectile function.     

少见部位骨化性纤维瘤的X线诊断(附11例报告)

目的探讨发生于少见部位骨化性纤维瘤的X线诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的少见部位的骨化性纤维瘤的X线检查资料11例。结果11例少见部位的骨化性纤维瘤病变位于股骨4例,肱骨2例,胫骨1例,锁骨1例,肩胛骨1例,坐骨1例及耻骨I例。X线主要表现为膨胀性或囊状骨质破坏、边缘有硬化(10/11):内部伴有粗乱骨嵴(7/11);无骨膜反应及软组织肿块;可伴病理性骨折(1/11)。结论X线检查对发生于少见部位骨化纤维瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断有较大的价值。     

Biodegradable poly(ethylenimine) for plasmid DNA delivery

Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) has been known as an efficient gene carrier with the highest cationic charge potential. High transfection efficiency of PEI, along with its cytotoxicity, strongly depends on the molecular weight. Synthesis of cationic copolymers derived from the low molecular weight of PEI and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which are water soluble and degradable under physiological conditions, was investigated for plasmid delivery. Hydrophilic PEG is expected to reduce the toxicity of the copolymer, improve the poor solubility of the PEI and DNA complexes, and help to introduce degradable bonds by reaction with the primary amines in the PEI. Considering the dependence of transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity on the molecular weight of the PEI, high transfection efficiency is expected from an increased molecular weight of the copolymer and low cytotoxicity from the introduction of PEG and the degradation of the copolymer into low molecular weight PEIs. Reaction conditions were carefully controlled to produce water soluble copolymers. Results from a gel retardation assay and zetapotentiometer indicated that complete neutralization of the complexes was achieved at the charge ratios of copolymer/pSV-β-gal plasmid from 0.8 to 1.0 with the mean particle size of the polyplexes ranging from 129.8±0.9 to 151.8±3.4 nm. In vitro transfection efficiency of the synthesized copolymer increased up to three times higher than that of starting low molecular weight PEI, while the cell viability was maintained over 80%.     

Measurements of spontaneous ultraweak photon emission and delayed luminescence from human cancer tissues

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure spontaneous photon emission (SPE) and delayed luminescence (DL) from various human cancer tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A photomultiplier tube attached to a dark chamber was used for the detection of ultraweak photon emission from cancer tissues in the chamber. The samples were illuminated with a 150 W metal halide lamp for the measurement of delayed luminescence. Frozen tissues were provided by the hospitals and preserved in saline solution in a CO2 incubator for 1 hour before starting the measurement of spontaneous photon emission. We successively measured the afterglows from the samples after 30-second irradiation of the lamp. The samples were divided into two groups: tumor tissues and normal tissues around tumor tissues. We presented experimental data and interpreted their characteristic patterns of spontaneous photon emission and delayed luminescence. RESULTS: Mean values of spontaneous photon emissions from the normal tissues and the tumor tissues were measured with the standard errors of the mean as 625 +/- 419 counts/minute/cm2 (n = 6) and 982 +/- 513 counts/minute/cm2 (n = 14), respectively. Peak values of the intensity of delayed luminescence from normal and cancerous tissues were 63 +/- 20 counts/ms (n = 6) and 48 +/- 12 counts/ms (n = 14). CONCLUSIONS: The intensity of spontaneous photon emissions from cancer tissues were mostly discriminated from those of normal tissues, and their delayed luminescent properties were investigated.     

Characterization of a family of chimpanzee adenoviruses and development of molecular clones for gene transfer vectors

The high prevalence of preexisting immunity to the commonly used adenoviral vectors, as well as the requirement for readministration of vector for multiple therapeutic applications, necessitates the development of a panel of immunologically distinct adenoviral vectors against which neutralizing antibodies are rare in human populations. We have completely sequenced three chimpanzee-derived adenoviruses, Pan 5, Pan 6, and Pan 7, and have molecularly cloned E1-deleted vector genomes from each as bacterial plasmids. All the E1-deleted vectors were grown to high titer in HEK 293 cells. Neutralizing antibodies to the chimpanzee adenoviral vectors were not detected in serum samples from human subjects. In vitro cross-neutralization using rabbit antisera and in vivo readministration experiments in mice demonstrated that antibodies against Pan 5, Pan 7, or Pan 9 cross-neutralize one another but do not neutralize Pan 6. These results indicate that chimpanzee adenoviral vectors may be useful as vaccines or gene therapy vectors in human populations and should allow applications that require multiple vector administrations.