造血干细胞移植病人极期阴囊处皮肤损伤的护理

白细胞是人体防御细菌入侵的重要防线,中性粒细胞占白细胞总数50%～70%,机体抵御病原体,特别是处于化脓性细菌入侵的第一线,是一道天然免疫屏障。病人极期白细胞及中性粒细胞计数持续下降,一般有头晕、乏力、四肢酸软、食欲减退、低热、失眠或极度衰弱等非特异性症状[1,2]。尤其是病人虚弱多汗,阴囊处皮肤的特性及经钴60全身照射对皮肤的特异性损害,导致阴囊处发生皮肤损伤的几率增加。此期病人易发生     

基于随机聚合酶链反应的病原菌基因芯片检测技术

目的建立一种基于随机聚合酶链反应的病原细菌基因芯片筛查检测技术。方法用生物学软件分析7种病原菌特异性基因序列的保守性区域,利用Oligo 6.0软件设计针对靶细菌的一系列探针,制备检测用基因芯片。细菌基因组DNA在随机引物扩增中掺入氨基丙烯-dUTP,产物偶联荧光染料后与芯片上探针杂交,通过芯片扫描仪和图像分析软件对结果进行判断。选取19种病原菌基因组DNA进行芯片特异性验证和灵敏度评价,使用问号钩端螺旋体对应靶探针进行基因芯片检测方法重复性验证,并制备问号钩端螺旋体模拟水污染样本进行芯片检测。结果在均一的杂交条件下4种靶细菌均能得到相应特异性杂交图谱,其他非目的细菌均为阴性结果,3种靶细菌基因组DNA最低检测浓度为14.43～363.4 pg/μl,芯片重复性变异系数CV值〈15%,最低可检测含问号钩端螺旋体7×105条/ml模拟水污染样本。结论初步建立的随机聚合酶链反应结合芯片技术的检测方法可用于多种病原菌筛查检测,为细菌高通量筛查与鉴定技术提供了新的思路和实验依据。     

Characterization of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with diffusion kurtosis imaging: correlation between diffusion kurtosis parameters and tumor cellularity

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the characterization of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and to correlate DKI parameters with tumor cellularity. Fifty‐nine patients with pathologically diagnosed ccRCCs were evaluated by DKI on a 3‐T scanner. Regions of interest were drawn on the maps of the mean diffusion coefficient (MD) and mean diffusion kurtosis (MK). All ccRCCs were histologically graded according to the Fuhrman classification system. Tumor cellularity was measured by the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasm (N/C) ratio and the number of tumor cell nuclei (NTCN). ccRCCs were classified as grade 1 (n = 23), grade 2 (n = 24), grade 3 (n = 10) and grade 4 (n = 3). Both MD and MK could readily discriminate between normal renal parenchyma and ccRCCs (p < 0.001), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that MK exhibited a better performance with an area under the ROC curve of 0.874 and sensitivity/specificity of 68.33%/100% (p < 0.001). Further, MD and MK were significantly different between grade 1 and grades 3 and 4 (p = 0.01, p < 0.001) and between grade 2 and grades 3 and 4 (p = 0.015, p < 0.005), respectively. However, no significant difference was found between grade 1 and grade 2 (p > 0.05) for both MD and MK. With regard to NTCN, no significant difference was found between any two grades (p > 0.05), and the N/C ratio changed significantly with grade (p < 0.01, between any two grades). Negative correlations were found between MK and MD (r = –0.56, p < 0.001), and between MD and N/C ratio (r = –0.36, p < 0.005), whereas MK and the N/C ratio were positively correlated (r = 0.45, p = 0.003). DKI could quantitatively characterize ccRCC with different grades by probing non‐Gaussian diffusion properties related to changes in the tumor microenvironment or tissue complexities in the tumor. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PET/MR的衰减校正技术

PET/MR是目前最先进的分子影像设备，PET图像需要通过衰减校正来得到真实的放射性药物活度分布并对其进行量化。笔者主要对PET/MR的衰减校正原理和衰减校正的方法进行综述，重点介绍地图集法、组织分割法和具有发展前景的发射数据重建法。     

YB-1在子宫内膜异位症中的表达

目的探讨YB-1在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)患者血清及子宫内膜组织中的表达及意义,以期将YB-1作为EMs早期诊断和治疗的判定指标。方法采用ELISA法检测EMs组与对照组血清中YB-1的表达水平,采用免疫组化SP法检测两组子宫内膜组织中YB-1的表达情况。结果与对照组(9.64±2.37 ug/L)相比,EMs组患者血清YB-1的平均浓度(14.65±3.91 ug/L)较高,二者相比差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。免疫组化结果显示YB-1在EMs组患者子宫内膜中主要呈中等强度阳性表达。正常子宫内膜中也可见YB-1的少量弱阳性表达,两组子宫内膜组织中YB-1的阳性表达率相比有明显差异(p<0.05)。结论 YB-1在EMs患者血清及子宫内膜组织中高表达,其不仅可作为EMs细胞内的标志物,也有望成为一个理想的血清学标志物。     

活血化瘀药对脑出血疗效的观察

19例脑出血患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组在常规治疗的基础上配合使用活血化瘀中药,对照组采取常规治疗。通过临床疗效观察,观察组对本病的治疗有效率为90.00%,明显高于对照组44.44%(P0.01);通过对两组治疗后4w和8w的CT对比,发现观察组对于血肿的吸收明显优于对照组。由此认为,活血化瘀中药有显著促进血肿吸收的作用。