Uncertainty evaluation at three spatial scales for the NDVI-based VWC estimation method used in the SMAP algorithm

Vegetation water content (VWC) is the key input parameter for a soil moisture retrieval algorithm based on microwave remote sensing, and VWC uncertainty can limit the estimated accuracy of soil moisture. There has been little research on VWC algorithm development and validation in China, and the uncertainty of the VWC estimation method has not been well evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the uncertainty of the VWC estimation method used in the SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) algorithm on three spatial scales (the point-scale, 30 m scale, and 1 km scale) for maize in northeast China. Results from three ground experimental datasets showed that the SMAP VWC estimation method was strongly biased with an average overestimation of 1.16 kg m^?2,1.04 kg m^?2, and 1.13 kg m^?2 for the point-scale, 30 m scale, and 1 km scale respectively, and maximum bias occurred in the mid-stage of maize. Also, a new power relationship between NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and VWC was proposed for the 30 m scale based on Sentinel 2 NDVI and field VWC values from 2017 experiment, with respective R² (coefficient of determination) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values of 0.80 and 0.67 kg m^?2. The results confirmed that this power relationship was still suitable for VWC estimation at the 1 km scale, and it has smaller bias than the original SMAP VWC method. Future work will be carried out to evaluate the applicability of this VWC estimation method over a lager region. It is expected that it can improve the accuracy of soil moisture by providing high precision VWC input parameters.     

Quality of oral anticoagulation control in Chinese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a prospective controlled study

Abstract

Objective

The sex, age, medical history, treatment, tobacco use, race risk (SAMe-TT₂R₂) Score; the sex, age, medical history, treatment, tobacco use, genotype combination (SAMe-TT₂G₂) Score; and the so-called modified SAMe-TT₂R₂ scores have been proposed to predict the anticoagulation quality for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The data from a prospective controlled study is used to validate the SAMe-TT₂R₂ and SAMe-TT₂G₂ scores in Chinese NVAF patients treated with warfarin and to evaluate the association of factors with time in therapeutic range (TTR) to predict the quality of oral anticoagulation control.     

Connexin 36 Mediates Orofacial Pain Hypersensitivity Through GluK2 and TRPA1

Trigeminal neuralgia is a debilitating condition, and the pain easily spreads to other parts of the face. Here, we established a mouse model of partial transection of the infraorbital nerve (pT-ION) and found that the Connexin 36 (Cx36) inhibitor mefloquine caused greater alleviation of pT-ION-induced cold allodynia compared to the reduction of mechanical allodynia. Mefloquine reversed the pT-ION-induced upregulation of Cx36, glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 2 (GluK2), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) in the trigeminal ganglion. Cold allodynia but not mechanical allodynia induced by pT-ION or by virus-mediated overexpression of Cx36 in the trigeminal ganglion was reversed by the GluK2 antagonist NS102, and knocking down Cx36 expression in Nav1.8-expressing nociceptors by injecting virus into the orofacial skin area of Nav1.8-Cre mice attenuated cold allodynia but not mechanical allodynia. In conclusion, we show that Cx36 contributes greatly to the development of orofacial pain hypersensitivity through GluK2, TRPA1, and p-ERK signaling.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12264-020-00594-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

听神经瘤术后面神经功能损伤危险因素分析

目的分析影响听神经瘤患者术后短期及长期面神经功能的危险因素。 方法回顾性分析厦门大学附属第一医院神经外科自2015年1月至2018年6月收治的62例听神经瘤患者的临床资料。于术后7 d及术后6个月对所有患者的面神经功能进行评估。收集可能与患者术后早期及长期面神经功能障碍存在相关性的因素，采用Logistic单因素与多因素回归对相关因素与患者术后短期及长期面神经功能的关系进行分析。 结果术后7 d，21例（33.9%）患者面神经功能正常，41例（66.1%）患者出现面神经功能损伤；术后6个月，49例（79.0%）患者面神经功能为正常，13例（21.0%）患者面神经功能损伤。Logistic单因素回归分析结果显示：肿瘤最大直径越大、肿瘤与面神经黏连越紧密，患者术后7 d发生面神经功能损伤的可能性越大（P=0.002、0.002）；术前临床症状持续时间为患者术后6个月面神经功能障碍的危险因素（P=0.035）。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示：肿瘤与面神经的黏连程度、肿瘤最大直径为患者术后7 d面神经功能障碍的独立危险因素（P=0.003、0.014）；术前临床症状持续时间、肿瘤最大直径为患者术后6个月面神经功能障碍的独立危险因素（P=0.010、0.030）。 结论肿瘤与面神经的黏连越紧密、肿瘤最大直径越大，患者术后7 d发生面神经功能损伤的可能性越大。患者术前临床症状持续时间越长、肿瘤最大直径越大，术后6个月发生面神经功能损伤的可能性越大。