前列腺素E1对尸体肾移植术后肾功能延迟恢复的影响

目的探讨前列腺素E1(PGE1)应用于尸体肾移植术后肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)患者对移植肾功能恢复的影响.方法回顾性分析因急性排斥(AR)和急性肾小管坏死(ANT)导致DGF的127例临床资料,其中应用PGE1治疗56例(PGE1组),未用PGE1者71例(对照组).比较两组在出现DGF后的透析治疗时间、肾功能恢复情况、彩超的移植肾血流阻力指数(RI)及6个月内AR发生率.结果与对照组比较,PGE1组透析治疗时间明显缩短(P＜0.05),移植肾的血肌酐下降速度快(P＜0.05),RI及6个月内AR发生率低(P＜0.05).结论PGE1有利于尸体肾移植术后DGF患者移植肾功能的早期恢复,并能降低AR的发生率.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱疾病

目的评价经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱疾病的临床应用价值.方法 56例多发骨髓瘤、溶骨性脊柱转移瘤、骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者应用经皮椎体成形术后,分24 h、3个月两阶段评估患者疼痛、术后X线片检查结果、椎体高度等指标.结果术后止痛效果良好,尤以骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者的止痛效果最好.无严重并发症. 结论经皮椎体成形术对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折等脊柱疾病的止痛、稳固椎体等效果明显,可以谨慎开展.     

阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血管活性肠肽与睡眠质量的关系

为明确阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (OSAHS)患者清醒及不同睡眠期血中血管活性肠肽 (VIP)质量浓度与睡眠质量之间的关系 ,以 1 2例OSAHS患者为研究对象 ,在桡动脉内留置导管监测血压 ,同步进行夜间多导睡眠仪连续记录 ,并分别于睡前清醒时、非快动眼 (NREM)睡眠期、快动眼 (REM )睡眠期及清晨从桡动脉留置的导管内抽取血标本 ,采用放免分析法检测VIP。结果 :1 )睡前清醒时及清晨血VIP质量浓度与总睡眠时间和记录时间之比(TST/TRT ,睡眠效率 )成正相关 (r =0 .5 91 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,与醒觉时间和记录时间之比 (Arousal/TRT)成负相关 (r =-0 .5 86,P <0 .0 5 ) ;以睡前清醒时作基础值 ,NREM期血VIP质量浓度的变化与快波睡眠和总睡眠时间之比 (Ⅰ +Ⅱ /TST)成负相关 (r=-0 .65 6,P <0 .0 5 ) ,与快动眼睡眠时间和总睡眠时间之比 (REM/TST)成正相关 (r =0 .70 5 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ,REM期血VIP质量浓度的变化与REM/TST成正相关 (r=0 .60 9,P <0 .0 5 ) ;2 )OSAHS患者清醒与不同睡眠期血中VIP质量浓度与最长呼吸暂停时间和睡眠呼吸暂停指数 (AHI)成正相关 ,与血氧的有关指标无相关性。提示 :VIP可能参与OSAHS患者睡眠的调节     

Establishment of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line highly expressing sodium iodide symporter for radionuclide gene therapy.

To evaluate the possibility of radionuclide gene therapy and imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma cancer, we investigated the iodine accumulation of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, SK-Hep1, by transfer of human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) gene. By targeting NIS expression in SK-Hep1, we could also investigate whether these cells concentrate 99mTc-pertechnetate and 188Re-perrhenate as well as 125I in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: The hNIS gene was transfected to human hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep1 cell lines using lipofectamine plus reagent. The uptake and efflux of 125I, 99mTc-pertechnetate, and 188Re-perrhenate were measured in the transfected and parental cells. Biodistribution was studied in nude mice bearing SK-Hep1 and SK-Hep1-NIS at 10 and 30 min and at 1, 2, 6, 16, and 23 h after injection of 125I, 99mTc- pertechnetate, or 188Re-perrhenate. In tumor imaging studies, the nude mice were intravenously injected with 188Re-perrhenate and imaged with a gamma-camera equipped with a pinhole collimator at 30 and 60 min after injection. The survival rate (%) was determined by the clonogenic assay after 37 MBq/10 mL (1 mCi/10 mL) 131I and 188Re-perrhenate treatment. RESULTS: SK-Hep1-NIS, stably expressing the NIS gene, accumulated 125I up 150 times higher than that of SK-Hep1. Iodine uptake of SK-Hep1-NIS is completely blocked by perchlorate. NIS gene transfection into SK-Hep1 also resulted in 112- and 87-fold increases of 99mTc-pertechnetate and 188Re-perrhenate uptake, respectively. Iodide efflux from SK-Hep1-NIS was relatively slow, with only 10% released during the initial 5 min, and 60% remained at 25 min. In the biodistribution study using SK-Hep1-NIS-xenographed mice, the tumor uptake of 125I, 188Re-perrhenate, and 99mTc-pertechnetate was 68.0 +/- 15.0, 46.2 +/- 9.1, and 59.6 +/- 16.2 %ID/g (percentage injected dose per gram) at 2 h after injection, respectively. After 188Re-perrhenate injection in SK-Hep1 and SK-Hep1-NIS-xenographed nude mice, whole-body images clearly visualized the SK-Hep1-NIS tumor, whereas the control tumor was not visualized. The survival rate (%) of SK-Hep1-NIS was markedly reduced to 46.3% +/- 10.1% and 28.9% +/- 5.2% after 37 MBq/mL (1 mCi/10 mL) 131I and 188Re-perrhenate treatment compared with the survival rates of the parental cells. These results demonstrated that SK-Hep1-NIS could be selectively killed by the induced 131I and 188Re-perrhenate accumulation through NIS gene expression. CONCLUSION: NIS-based gene therapy using beta-emitting radionuclides has the potential to be used in hepatocellular carcinoma management.     

Management of congenital tracheal stenosis

Objectives: Congenital tracheal stenosis is a rare disease. Various methods for treatment exist but there is still much debate as to the appropriate surgical procedure. We present our surgical experiences of patch tracheoplasty and slide tracheoplasty as viable methods for the treatment of congenital tracheal stenosis. Methods: From 1994 to 2002, 13 patients were diagnosed with congenital tracheal stenosis. Eight patients (7 symptomatic and 1 asymptomatic) had their stenosis corrected, three by means of pericardial patch tracheoplasty, four by slide tracheoplasty, and one by resection and anastomosis. Concomitant operations were performed on six patients to treat congenital cardiovascular disease. Five patients showing no significant symptoms did not undergo tracheal surgery and received only cardiac procedures. A retrospective review of the hospital course, complications, and long-term results was conducted. Results: Among the patch tracheoplasty group, every patient suffered from granulation tissue formation. One patient died of respiratory acidosis and one was hospitalized due to recurrent granulation tissue, which required frequent bronchoscopy. The third patient from this group is free of all symptoms. Among the slide tracheoplasty group, one patient died of anastomosis disruption. The three remaining patients are alive and well. The one patient who received resection and anastomosis is alive without symptoms. Conclusions: Surgical repair of long-segment congenital tracheal stenosis exhibited high mortality and morbidity rates. Every patient that underwent pericardial patch tracheoplasty suffered from troublesome granulation tissue. As slide tracheoplasty provided relatively good results in the short and mid-term follow-up periods, it seems to be a preferred method for the treatment of long-segment congenital tracheal stenosis.     

中央型小细胞肺癌的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨中央型小细胞肺癌(Small Cell Lung Cancer,SCLC)的CT表现特点,并找出与非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、肺结核、结节病、纵隔淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断要点。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的57例中央型SCLC、60例NSCLC,5例肺结核,2例结节病,3例纵隔淋巴病的胸部平片及CT资料,全部病例均行胸部平片和CT平扫、增强检查。结果:57例中央型SCLC,CT主要表现为沿支气管长轴生长的肺内肿块,肺门与纵隔广泛淋巴结肿大,而肺不张相对少见。NSCLC60例主要表现为肺门肿块,支气管阻塞性改变相对多见。5例肺结核表现为肺内结节和肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大,伴有同侧和/或对侧肺内结核病灶。2例结节病,表现为双侧肺门对称性淋巴结肿大。3例纵隔淋巴病表现为中前纵隔的弥漫性软组织肿块。结论:沿支气管长轴生长的肺内肿块、肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大。支气管阻塞改变少见,随访1～2个月,肿块体积增大1倍以上,是中央型SCLC的CT诊断要点,据此特征诊断正确率达80％。结合临床与其他检查方法可与NSCLC、肺结核、结节病、纵隔淋巴瘤鉴别。     

Localization of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow using new stimulator for the inching test.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of the TenElectrodes, a new stimulator for inching test, in the diagnosis and localization of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE). METHODS: Sixty-two ulnar nerves in 40 control subjects and 24 ulnar nerves in 23 patients with typical symptoms and signs of UNE were studied. The inching test of ulnar motor nerve using TenElectrodes was done along 8 cm across the elbow in the extended position. RESULTS: In the inching test of the control group, the mean segmental latency difference was 0.19+/-0.08 ms. Maximal latency difference over a 1 cm segment did not exceed 0.40 ms in any of the controls but exceeded 0.5 ms or more in all clinical UNE patients. In all UNE patients, the lesion sites were identified by the inching test using TenElectrodes: the retroepicondylar groove (54.2%), the humeroulnar arcade (29.2%), and dual compression (16.6%). CONCLUSIONS: TenElectrodes is a useful stimulator for the inching test in the diagnosis of UNE. The precise localization of compression was possible in all patients with UNE and the most common site was the retroepicondylar groove.     

应用多层螺旋CT多方位重建技术诊断急性阑尾炎的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT多方位重建(MPVR)诊断急性阑尾炎的价值。方法2002年2月至2003年9月临床疑诊阑尾炎收治入院手术患者39例,术前均作了常规扫描和MPVR重建2种CT检查,术后31例确诊为阑尾炎,从阑尾充血、水肿至阑尾脓肿共分5级(正常阑尾为0级)。结果对照手术病理,MPVR重建诊断急性阑尾炎准确率872%,敏感度903%,特异度75%,阳性预测值933%,阴性预测值667%。常规CT检查诊断急性阑尾炎准确度385%,敏感度387%,特异度375%,阳性预测值706%,阴性预测值136%。28例确诊急性阑尾炎的MPVR重建片所示5种主要征象及出现频率如下阑尾肿大(管腔直径>6mm)(964%),阑尾结石(267%),回盲部肥厚(367%),阑尾周围炎(714%),脓肿(107%)。结论多层螺旋CTMPVR重建技术显著提高了CT对临床症状模棱两可、临床疑诊急性阑尾炎患者的术前诊断能力,并可减少重型阑尾炎病例的发生。     

山东省医学影像研究所所长——连世海

山东省医学影像研究所所长连世海副研究员是解放后我国自己培养的一代科学家之一,1945年参加革命,1953年毕业于山东医学院,1958年任山东省立医院放射科主任,副主任医师。