肺结核线索调查中X线胸透的代价和效益试评

用热释光剂量计测试了受检者胸透体表照射量，结果表明受检者体表照射量符合对数正态分布，几何均值为０．１９ｍＣ·ｋｇ－１，高于一般体检胸透照射量水平。根据危险度系数，估算出由此造成的辐射诱发恶性肿瘤危险度，男女分别为３．５５×１０－６和４．０５×１０－６，后裔遗传疾患的危险度均为４．０×１０－８，由此估计该次实践造成的人均寿命缩短时间为０．５２ｈ·人－１。利用江苏省结核病的患病率、死亡率、化疗治愈率估算出由此次实践带来的人均寿命延长时间为４５．８ｈ·人－１。     

Prevention of adhesion of rabbit knee joint with chitosan：an experimental study

Ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎｏｆａｄｈｅｓｉｏｎｏｆｒａｂｂｉｔｋｎｅｅｊｏｉｎｔｗｉｔｈｃｈｉｔｏｓａｎ：ａｎｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔｕｄｙＹｅＧｅｎｍａｏ（叶根茂）；ＨｏｕＣｈｕｎｌｉｎ（侯春林）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＯｒｔｈｏｐａｅｄｉｃｓ，Ｃ...     

猫延髓嘴侧腹外侧区微量注射内皮素－1对心血管和肾交感神经活动的影响

采用脑立体定向和脑内微量注射技术研究了猫延髓嘴侧腹外侧区（ｒＶＬＭ）微量注射内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１），对平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）和肾交感神经活动（ＲＮＡ）的影响。结果表明：ｒＶＬＭ内微量注射ＥＴ－１（２ｐｍｏｌ，０．５μｌ），可显著升高平均动脉压、增加心率和增强肾交感神经活动，并存在量－效间的正相关关系。双侧颈部迷走神经切断后，不影响上述结果。静脉预先给与α－受体阻断剂（Ｒｅｇｉｔｉｎｅ，５ｍｇ／ｋｇ），能显著抑制ＥＴ－１的上述升压作用。放射免疫观察到，ｒＶＬＭ内微量注射ＥＴ－１后，血浆精氨酸升压素（ＡＶＰ）含量显著升高，其变化与血压变化呈显著一致。以上结果提示，（１）ｒＶＬＭ内ＥＴ－１参与心血管活动的中枢调节，并显示有部位特异性；（２）该调节作用主要通过改变交感神经传出活动实现，而与迷走神经活动无关；（３）ｒＶＬＭ内ＥＴ－１还可能激动下丘脑室旁核及视上核的升压素能神经元，从而参与心血管活动的调节。     

Inhibitory effects of chlorpheniramine and astemizolum on contraction of isolated rat and rabbit uteri induced by oxytocin and PGF2α

Summary The contraction of isolated rat and rabbit uteri induced by oxytocin and PGF_2α was markedly inhibited by chlorpheniramine (Chl) and astemizolum (Ast), both of which also decreased the resting tension of uteri, and their spontaneous contraction. The inhibitory effects of both drugs were dose-dependent. At high concentrations, Chl 7.4× 10^-4 mol/L and Ast 10^-4 mol/L could counteract the contraction of the uteri induced by Oxy and PGF_2α, and their spontaneous contraction as well. They decreased the resting tension to the lower level. The mechanism of their non-special relaxed action on uteri could not be completely explained only by their H₁-receptor blocking action. Whether they act by blocking calcium channel or by inhibiting calmodulin (CaM) remains to be further explored.     

儿童牙病治疗中医护配合的技巧

儿童牙病要经过诊查-麻醉-牙科处理，要用精密或锐利的器械伸入患儿口腔，所以治疗的前提必须是患儿自觉张口合作。在治疗护理过程中，除了掌握儿童的各年龄阶段的性格特征外，医生、护士的语言交流和操作还需一定的技巧，配合应默契。现对我院250例3岁～12岁患儿治疗及护理配合体会报告如下。     

苏合香丸簿层扫描鉴定

苏合香丸是由十五种单味药制成的复杂制剂。本文用双波长薄层扫描法进行了研究.用苏合香丸和各单味药的乙醇及乙醚提取液,分别进行薄层色谱法展开,薄层板选用各适宜的λ_?和λ_R进行溥层扫描,绘制薄层扫描色谱谱图,根据谱图上的特征峰,可以鉴定其中的十种单味药。配合GC和化学法检查可鉴定个二种单味药。实验结果表明,双波长薄层扫描法是鉴定复杂中成药的适宜方法,具有很好的可靠性和再现性。     

免疫组化在恶性间皮瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的 对恶性间皮瘤进行免疫组化的对比性研究,以进一步评价它们在恶性间皮瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 采用免疫组织化学染色(LSAB)法对22例恶性间皮瘤和20例对照组腺癌组织进行EMA、CEA、CK、vimentin、间皮细胞(M-cell)等5种单克隆抗体的标记。结果 恶性间皮瘤的阳性率分别为 M-cell 91％,CEA 9％,vimentin 73％,CK82％,EMA64％;而腺癌的阳性率为分别为M-cell5％,CEA 85％,vimentin 15％,CK100％,EMA 100％。结论 在恶性间皮瘤和腺癌的鉴别诊断中,M-cell和CEA是较理想的标记物,尤其是M-cell,CEA和vimentin三种抗体联合应用更具有价值。而在恶性间皮瘤和其他梭形细胞肿瘤的鉴别诊断中,还应联合使用CK和EMA。     

Biologic effects of hyperthermia and radiation on gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) in vitro. II. Ultrastructural changes of cells

Different characteristic damages of the SGC-7901 gastric adenocarcinoma cells were studied by electron microscopy 1, 36, 72, 96 and 120 hours after heating and radiation in vitro. The visible damages, such as the enlarged mitochondria, increase of lysosomes and perichromatin granules could be shown 1 hour after heating (43 degrees C for 30 min) but no visible damages of the cells were shown until 36 hours following radiation (500 rad). In order to study the ultrastructural changes of the gastric cancer cells in mitosis after heating and radiation, we have used the new method of ultrastructural research in selecting and observing the M cell in vitro and found loosened structure of chromosome and disappearance of microtubules 1 hour following hyperthermia. At the same time, no apparent abnormalities of the mitotic cells were observed after radiation. It is the chief cause of division delay in heat injured cells. However, the chromosomes and microtubules of the new mitotic cells could recover 36 hours after heating (43 degrees C for 30 min). After radiation, the giant cells and abnormal morphologic changes of cells gradually increase and the living cells decrease. Unexpectedly, the division of a few giant cells is observed 72 hours after heating and radiation.     

工业X射线探伤防护剂量水平的研究

本文介绍了用实验方法研究不同管电压, 钢板厚度与散射线之间的关系.结果表明, 透射比随管电压升高而增加, 并随钢板厚度增加而下降；散射比随散射角的增大而逐渐下降, 至180°时为最低值。此研究为X射线探伤作业的辐射防护提供了依据。