上颌双侧磨牙形态异常1例

正常上颌第一、第二磨牙有独特的外形特征 ,尤其上颌第一磨牙 ,其牙冠外形和牙根数目都比较恒定。然而 ,笔者最近发现 1例 ,患者的上颌双侧第一磨牙、左侧第二磨牙牙冠及牙合面形态与常见的同名牙有明显差异 ,且牙根数目均为4个。笔者观察其牙冠牙合面形态与牙根数目可能有相关     

从预防医院感染谈护理管理的重要性

随着医学科学的发展和医学模式的转变，医院感染在医院管理中占据了重要地位，医院感染护理管理构成了医院管理系统的重要组成部分。医院感染率的高低是衡量医院医疗质量的重要标志，加强医院护理管理是预防医院感染的关键措施。     

输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术后并发感染的原因及防治

我院2003年10月-2006年6月共行输尿管镜下钬激光治疗输尿管结石238例，其中9例术后并发感染，现将其原因及防治报道如下。     

1例严重电伤的术后护理

随着社会的发展，电能的应用日益广泛，因此电损伤的发生率亦随之增加。由于生活中，家用电器而造成的自然灾害，生产工作中意外事故的发生等，都具有很强的突发性，使受伤者心理震撼大，对蒙难时的惨境记忆深刻，承受着躯体和心理上的创伤与痛苦，严重影响着患者的身心健康。2003年8月12日，我科收治1例严重高压电击伤患者，经及时救治及精心护理而获得成功，未发生任何护理并发症。现将护理工作报告如下。     

基层医院感染性疾病科平战结合训练应对突发事件

笔者所在医院是一所集医疗、科研、教学、预防、康复为一体的二级甲等综合性基层医院,是政府指定诊疗突发公共卫生事件病员的定点医疗机构,医院感染性疾病科承担具体的防治工作.     

广东省梅县重点人群碘营养状况调查分析

Objective To estimate the present salt iodine content and iodine nutrition need of high risk population of iodine deficiency disorder in Meixian County. Methods Each primary school was selected from urban and rural areas(Xiyang Town, 20 kilometers away from Meixian County), the goiter rate of 8 to 10 year-old students was examined and urinary iodine and household salt iodine was sampled. Twenty to 40 year-old women of childbearing age nearby schools around the urban and villages around Xiyang Town were selected to collect their urine and salt samples. At urban hospitals and rural health centers, 0 to 2 year-old infant urine samples were collected, Thyroid gland was palpated and urinary iodine was determined by iodine in urine by As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry, salt iodine was determined by direct titration. Results The goiter rates of 8 to 10 year-old students were 1.5 % (3/200), 1.0% (1/100) for the urban area and 2.0% (2/100) for rural area. Median of urinary iodine in 8 to 10 year-old students, infants, women of childbearing age averaged at 237.1 μg/L and 280.1, 234.7,187.6 μg/L respectively, with each being 287.4,245.0,205.5 μg/L in urban area and 278.9,228.5,176.4 μg/L in rural area. Women of childbearing age had a higher percentage of urinary iodine < 50.0 μg/L than students,students had a higher percentage than infants, each being 7.5%(15/200), 4.5%(9/200), 4.0%(4/100). The ration of urinary iodine > 300.0 μg/L was more in infants than in students, that in students was more than that in women of childbearing age, each being 33.0% (33/100), 30.0% (60/200),22.5% (45/200). The median of salt iodine was 27.2 mg/kg. The coverage of iodized salt was 100.0%(400/400). Ninty-seven percent(194/200) and 96.0% (192/200) of qualified iodized salt were consumed in urban area and in rural area. Conclusions The amount of iodine added to salt meets the requirement in the 3 kinds population risk of iodine deficiency disorder. But a higher iodine status has been found out in students and infants. It is reasonable to decrease the present salt iodine content.     

HLA-Cw研究进展

HLA—Cw属于经典的HLA—Ⅰ类基因，HLA—Cw分子与HLA—A、B分子一样具有高度多态性，广泛分布于有核细胞表面，不仅呈递内源性多肽给CD8^ T细胞，诱发特异性细胞杀伤效应，还可作为NK细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)的配体参与免疫反应。因此，HLA—Cw与疾病相关性研究、在移植免疫、抗病毒、抗肿瘤免疫中的作用日益受到重视。     

滥用抗生素致喉真菌病3例报告

喉部真菌病很少见,大多由口腔、咽部及鼻部真菌感染而继发。近年来,真菌病特别是深部真菌病的发病率有了明显的增加,其原因与大量抗生素的广泛应用有关。本文报告3例因滥用抗生素所致的喉真菌病,旨在使临床医生能够正确应用抗生素。1临床资料病例1:患者女,50岁。因声音嘶哑、咽     

MR频谱检测乳酸的脉冲序列优化研究

目的通过改变一系列脉冲序列参数，以利于乳酸的最佳检测与定量分析。方法制作含乳酸玻璃模型。改变一系列的MR脉冲序列参数，应用点解析频谱序列(point resolved spectroscopy，PRESS)和激励回波序列(stimulated echo acquisition，STEAM)获得乳酸模型的相应频谱。另外，对12例脑病变患者和2例健康志愿者进行磁共振频谱检查，测量出每个波峰的峰高，并绘出序列变化曲线图。结果STEAM各波峰的峰向与PRESS序列一致，但STEAM各峰高均低于同等条件的PRESS峰。随着TE时间的延长，用乳酸模型测出的乳酸峰的峰高一序列曲线图呈波浪状变化，正向双峰在TE=26、270ms时共振波幅达到最大绝对值，负向双峰在TE=135～160ms之间达到最大绝对值。脑病变患者和健康志愿者的扫描结果表明，乳酸峰在优化的序列高于非优化的序列。结论优化的脉冲序列更有利于乳酸的检测与定量分析。     

环境电离辐射体源表面剂量率的MC模拟计算及实验比较

目的　对核工业地质勘查计量站的 8个圆柱型环境电离辐射体源和两个本底模型上方不同高度处的空气吸收剂量率进行较为准确的定值。方法　采用蒙特卡罗软件MCNP ,对上述环境电离辐射体源和本底模型上方的空气吸收剂量率进行了模拟计算 ,采用 1台高气压电离室剂量率仪对各环境电离辐射体源和本底模型上方不同高度处的空气吸收剂量率进行了实测 ,模拟计算结果与实测结果以及其他工作者过去所作的剂量率测量和计算结果进行了比较。结果　MC模拟计算值与其他工作者得到的空气吸收剂量率理论值吻合较好 ,最大偏差小于 10 % ,一般偏差小于±5 %。结论　只要各种输入参数准确 ,采用MC模拟计算 ,可以得到辐射体源和本底模型上方不同高度处较准确 (3%不确定度 )的空气吸收剂量率模拟计算值。