生物分子结构及功能,细胞信号转导和胞间通讯过程 …

生物分子结构及功能、细胞信号和胞间通讯的研究是当前生物学的前沿热点。本文对生物分子结构及功能、细胞信号转导和胞间通讯的检测技术及方法进行了综述，较详细地探讨了各种检测技术在这一领域的应用及各自的特点，并展望了当代生物学检测技术研究的发展趋势。     

冷冻治疗在耳鼻喉科的应用历史和发展

在一定的低温和足够的时间条件下,当其作用于生物组织细胞时,可引起组织内部降温、凝固、结冰,使生物体内分子运动的速度减缓、停止,其结果使组织代谢率降代、抑制组织生长、甚至使组织细胞死亡而造成组织坏死。如对上述条件加以控制,则可利用冷冻对组织的作用而治疗疾病,使其达到治愈或缓解症状的目的。在这种启示下,冷冻技术被应用于临床医学。公元前3,500年,埃及人曾应用     

生物医学仪器故障诊断的科学方法（八）

生物医学仪器故障诊断的科学方法（八）上海科技大学王保华，宋远远Ｒｏｂｅｒｔ．Ｌ．ＭｏｒｒｉｓＡｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｔｏｔｒｏｕｂｌｅｓｈｏｏｔｉｎｇｏｆｂｉｏｍｅｄｉｃａｌｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔｓ（８）￥ＷａｎｇＢａｏｈｕａ；ＳｏｎｇＹｕａｎ...     

生物医学仪器故障诊断的科学方法(二)

一、引言生物医学仪器的种类数以千计。在近30年中,由于电子电路及计算机技术的发展,大部分生物医学仪器已电子化或计算机化。这是因为采用电子学和计算机很容易实现信号的检测、处理、控制、显示和记录。目前,除一些手术器械外,生物医学仪器(包括常见的各种治疗与诊断用的医疗器械)几乎全是     

体内植入电子系统(八) 第八讲 植入式遥测系统(一)

一引言植入式遥测系统通常包括体内植入(发射)和体外(接收、显示)两大部分。体内植入部分是植入系统研究的核心,它随着电子技术本身的发展而不断更新。六十年代起以美国西方储备大学教授葛文勋(Wen,H.Ko)为代表的研究小组在植入电路的研究制造及应用等方面做了大量的工作,在早期,葛文勋就研制了一些利用低功耗的晶体管振荡器电     

人体血糖浓度连续、无创、定量检测的数理模型

作者以光谱测量法为理论依据,建立了人体血糖浓度无损检测的数理模型,并在理论上提出人体手指、耳垂等部位进行血糖无损伤检测的方法。该方法可以推广到任何生物学中所感兴趣的血液成份的检测,只要找到该成份的本征吸收峰,就有可能实现无损伤检测。     

危重病人监护系统——八十年代的回顾与展望

危重病人监护系统在80年代有了很大发展,监护病室已扩展到冠心病监护、危重病人加强监护、呼吸疾患监护、脑疾患监护、新生儿监护、手术监护、分娩室、康复室及其它病室;监护项目从循环系统发展到呼吸系统,神经系统及代谢系统;各种类型的带微计算机的监护仪及监护系统被开发和广泛应用于临床。本文综述了危重病人监护系统在80年代中后期的主要进展,内容包括:心电监护系统中QRS波检测的各种算法的特点;血压监护中自动分析功能、有创血压监护技术和无创血压监护技术;导管法心输出量监护;肺功能监护;监护仪采用的多处理器结构系统;集中监护系统;键入、记录和显示方式。     

恩丹西酮与灭吐灵加地塞米松控制化疗所致恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的对照观察恩丹西酮预防化疗所致急性及延迟性恶心呕吐的作用，比较其对含顺铂方案和5-氟尿嘧啶 醛氢叶酸方案的止吐作用。方法采用自身交叉随机对照方法，观察化疗后24小时(急性)及5日内(延迟性)恶心呕吐发生的情况。结果大剂量顺铂化疗中恩丹西酮控制急性及延迟性恶心呕吐疗效明显好于对照组，而5-氟尿嘧啶 醛氢叶酸方案化疗中两组结果无显著差异。结论恩丹西酮能有效控制化疗所引起的恶心呕吐反应，在用顺铂时疗效尤为突出，5-氟尿嘧啶 醛氢叶酸化疗则可考虑用较经济的灭吐灵加地塞米松处理。     

胸段食管癌切除术患者的预后分析

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and influence of the number of lymph node metastases on survival and UICC-TNM classification in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer after curative resection. Methods From 1985 to 1990, 1224 patients were surgically treated for thoracic esophageal cancer. The patients who died within 30 days after operation were not included in this study. Fifteen factors possibly influencing survival of these patients were selected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis of these individual variables was performed by Cox proportional hazard model. According to the n, mher of lymph node metastases (0, 1 and ≥ 2), a new modification of the TNM classification was suggested: stage Ⅱ a (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0), stage Ⅱb [T1N1M0 and T2N1 (1) M0], stage Ⅲ a [T2N1 (2)M0 and T3N1 (1)M0] and stage Ⅲ b [T3N1 (2)M0 and T4NanyMO]. Results According to multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases, depth of invasion, location of tumor, histological classification and length of the tumor were of prognostic significance (P < 0.01). There was obvious correlation between the rate of lymph node metastasis and the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 positive metastatic lymph nodes was 59.1%, 32.0% and 8.9%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with stage T2N1M0 and stage T3N1M0 was significantly higher in those with only one lymph node involved than in those with two or more lymph nodes involved (43.1% vs. 18.0% and 28.0% vs. 9.6%, P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of the modified stage Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb was56.5%, 43.9%, 25.6% and 11.1%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference among different stages (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor for thoracic esophageal cancer after resection. The major influencing factors of lymph node metastasis are the depth of invasion, length of tumor and grade of differentiation. Therefore, the lymphadenectomy along with esophngectomy and subsequently combined modality therapy against lymph node metastasis is necessary to improve the S-year survival rate. Our proposed new classification based on number of lymph node metastases (0, 1, ≥2 positive nodes) is more applicable because it can well reflect the correlation between lymph node metastasis and the survival, and provides evidence for the modification of the currently used UICC TNM staging system for surgically treated thoracic esophageal cancer.