国内外公共卫生领域标准化工作管理体制比较与思考

目的 为了更好地促进我国的卫生健康标准化工作,为建立完善我国卫生健康领域标准化的发展战略、管理体制提供依据。方法 本文收集了公共卫生领域标准化相关国际组织标准管理机制方面的资料,并将收集到的信息进行汇总分析。结果 公共卫生领域的各种标准在各国际组织的管理体制不同,在组织性质、标准种类、应用、发布、组织结构、标准制定原则、优点、转化、宣贯、评估等方面均有较大不同。结论 针对我国卫生健康标准化具体工作,国际标准化相关机构的工作机制提供了许多可供我国借鉴的经验。     

Two immunogenic recombinant protein vaccine candidates showed disparate protective efficacy against Zika virus infection in rhesus macaques

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has caused major public health problems recently. To develop subunit vaccines for ZIKV, we have previously constructed recombinant ZIKV envelope protein domain III (EDIII), and the entire ectodomain (E80, which comprises EDI, EDII and EDIII), as vaccine candidates and showed both of them being immunogenic and protective in murine models. In this follow-up study, we compared these vaccine candidates in non-human primates. Both of them elicited neutralizing antibody responses, but only E80 immunization inhibited ZIKV infection in both peripheral blood and monkey tissues, whereas EDIII increased blood ZIKV RNA through possibly antibody-dependent enhancement. Further investigations revealed that the virion-binding antibody response in E80 immunized monkeys persisted longer and stronger than in EDIII immunized monkeys. These results demonstrate that E80 is superior to EDIII as a vaccine candidate, and that the magnitude, quality and durability of virion-binding neutralizing antibodies are correlates of protection.     

The introduction of treatment and the cultural adaptability of western psychotherapies for eating disorders in China

In the past 40 years, the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in China has shown an increasing trend, leading to an urgent need to develop efficient treatment modes and methods. Since the beginning of the new century, the diagnosis, treatment, and research of ED in China have been under development. This article gives an introduction and commentary on the treatment modes, treatment methods and their applications in ED in China. There are two main treatment forms for ED until now, that is, inpatient treatment and outpatient treatment. Inpatient treatment is recommended as the first choice. Since 2008, clinical psychotherapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and family-based treatment (FBT), which are effective for pathological symptoms of ED, have been introduced into China and developed clinically. Group CBT and group DBT for patients with ED and group FBT for caregivers might be the most efficient psychotherapy in China nowadays. A multi-family FBT support group could be developed as the basic treatment of ED patients. Although these new types of psychotherapy have observed effectiveness in clinical application, the Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) are rare and need to be developed.     

Sampling‐based estimation for massive survival data with additive hazards model

For massive survival data, we propose a subsampling algorithm to efficiently approximate the estimates of regression parameters in the additive hazards model. We establish consistency and asymptotic normality of the subsample‐based estimator given the full data. The optimal subsampling probabilities are obtained via minimizing asymptotic variance of the resulting estimator. The subsample‐based procedure can largely reduce the computational cost compared with the full data method. In numerical simulations, our method has low bias and satisfactory coverage probabilities. We provide an illustrative example on the survival analysis of patients with lymphoma cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.     

The prevalence of stroke and related risk factors among residents aged ≥ 40 years in Chongqing,Southwest China

Journal of Public Health - China bears the largest global stroke burden, yet little is known about its rates in Chongqing, southwest China. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and related risk...     

疫情常态化防控下肿瘤医院发展的PEST分析与策略探讨

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情常态化防控下肿瘤专科医院发展的外部环境变化,结合医院实践提出针对性策略。方法运用PEST模型,分析常态化防控下肿瘤专科医院的政治、经济、社会和技术环境,并以某肿瘤专科医院为例进行具体分析,提出总体策略。结果疫情常态化防控条件下,肿瘤专科医院面对着与其他类型医疗机构共通或特异的崭新环境。针对环境变化,案例医院采取防控与救治相整合、线下与线上相整合、院内院外资源相整合的应对策略,推动医院各项工作的恢复和提升。结论肿瘤专科医院和政府部门应全面把握防控常态化带来的环境变化,围绕疫情防控和肿瘤防治两大主线,制定涵盖短期和中长期等不同时段、更具整合特点的肿瘤专科医院发展策略。     

突发声嘶诊断性治疗1例

本文报道了1例以声嘶为唯一表现的声门闭合不全病例,该病例经非甾体类抗炎药、消炎治疗及推压嗓音训练等诊断性治疗,声嘶逐渐痊愈,最终诊断为双侧环杓关节炎。声门闭合不全以对因治疗为主,在病因尚无法确定时,可通过诊断性治疗间接确定病因。     

2016—2019年北京市石景山区学校及托幼机构水痘流行病学特征分析

目的 对2016—2019年北京市石景山区学校及托幼机构水痘病例流行病学特征进行分析,了解水痘的发病规律,为水痘疫情防控工作提供依据。方法 对2016—2019年北京市石景山区学校及托幼机构的水痘病例进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2016—2019年北京市石景山区学校及托幼机构的水痘病例集中在每年的4—6月份和10—12月份,小学生是水痘病例的高发人群占35.49%。24.62%的病例有明确的接触史,59.70%的病例既往接种过水痘疫苗。有免疫史和无免疫史病例的发热情况差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.754,P＜0.001)、出疹程度的分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=74.309,P＜0.001)。结论 2016—2019年北京市石景山区学校及托幼机构水痘病例的时间分布呈现“双峰分布”;疫情防控的重点人群为小学生,同时应加强大学校园的疫情防控;水痘疫情防控工作中,应当重视带状疱疹病人和有水痘疫苗免疫史的轻症病例。     

职业性亚急性1,2-二氯乙烷中毒两例

1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-Dichloroethane)是一种对称的卤代烃类化合物,为二氯乙烷的对称异构体,无色、易挥发、具有三氯甲烷气味的油状液体,在工业上的应用历史悠久。目前主要用作化学合成的原料、工业溶剂和黏合剂,属于高毒物质,其毒性作用随接触时间和浓度增加而增高。由于使用广泛,产量较高,接触人数多,职业危害也较为突出。该类中毒以亚急性中毒多见,主要损害中枢神经系统,临床表现为中毒性脑病,病理基础为脑水肿。2017年4~8月杭州某电梯制造公司5号车间先后有2名油漆工出现头痛、头晕、乏力,并逐渐加重,其中1人出现恶心呕吐,后均诊断为职业性亚急性二氯乙烷中毒,现报告如下。